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Students Interest in Research and Tendency to Acquire Research Skills among Postgraduate Students with Learning Disabilities (LD) in Two Public Universities of Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Psychology
Get PDFBackground: Learning disability is a permanent condition caused by abnormalities in the growth and development of the human brain, which has enormous implications for an individual's general performance.
Aim: This study investigated how students’ interest in research predicted the tendency to acquire research skills among postgraduate students with Learning Disabilities (LD) in two Public Universities of Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Psychology. One objective, one purpose, and one statement of hypothesis were formulated. A literature review was carried out.
Method: The survey research design was utilized. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted, and 49 respondents were sampled. A 16-item four-point modified Likert scale questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The face and content validity of the instrument were established. The reliability estimates are 0.84 using the Cronbach Alpha method. A simple linear regression statistical tool was used to test the hypothesis. The hypothesis was tested at the 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The results revealed that interest significantly predicts postgraduate students with learning disabilities' tendency to acquire research skills. Hence, the more interested students with learning disabilities are in research, the more likely they are to develop strong research skills. Research skills are crucial for postgraduate studies, particularly for thesis writing, dissertation projects, and contributing to academic knowledge. By fostering research interest, universities can enhance the overall academic success of their postgraduate students.
Conclusion: Interest in research significantly predicts postgraduate students' tendency to acquire research skills in the research area. Given the significant role of knowledge in humanity, acquiring research skills is integral to man. Graduate schools should have internal seminars and workshops, making it mandatory for students to present standard papers
Body Mass Index as a Risk Factor for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, as measured by the Body Mass Index (BMI), and the significant impact of Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) on global health, it is crucial to update our understanding of the relationship between BMI and DLBCL.
Objective: to carry out a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis to determine the association between DLBCL and BMI
Methods: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. It searched PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria were primary observational studies involving adults with DLBCL confirmed by biopsy. Exclusions were non-peer-reviewed materials and studies without inferential statistics. The findings of the study are presented as association measures such as relative risks (RR), accompanied by their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Results: From 451 articles, 13 met the criteria for inclusion. The included studies, conducted between 2002 and 2013 in various countries, showed varied follow-up periods and sample sizes. The meta-analysis revealed that individuals with high BMI have a 1.31 times higher risk of developing DLBCL than those with lower BMI (RR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.07, 1.61). The heterogeneity among studies was moderate.
Conclusions: The study confirms an association between higher BMI and the increased risk of developing DLBCL. This finding underscores the need to explore further how obesity, chronic inflammation, and the development and progression of DLBCL are interconnected. Understanding this area could significantly reduce DLBCL incidence and improve patient outcomes
Formulation and Evaluation of Vancomycin Loaded Chitosan/Aloe Vera Hydrogel: A Novel Antibacterial Biopolymeric System
Get PDFThe combination of herbal and biopolymeric agents holds significant potential for enhancing wound healing. Aloe vera, known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and regenerative properties, has long been used to treat wounds and burns. Chitosan, as a well-known biopolymer, promotes collagen synthesis, fibroblast recruitment and aiding granulation tissue formation. This study explored the formulation of a chitosan/Aloe vera hydrogel loaded with vancomycin, as a potential wound care product. The hydrogel was prepared using chitosan and aloe vera in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios. After homogenization, 1% vancomycin was incorporated. All physical characterizations, drug loading and drug release studies were performed on prepared formulations. Antimicrobial activity also was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, both physical and performance properties of gels were assessed over three months under room temperature and refrigerated conditions. The study found that the gels remained stable, with no changes in color, flowability, uniformity, or viscosity during stability assessments. Both formulations released their entire drug content within two hours when kept at room temperature and in the refrigerator. No signs of separation or degradation were observed over the three-month period, demonstrating the gel’s stability. Formulations showed acceptable antimicrobial activity against both mentioned bacterial strains. In conclusion, the chitosan/Aloe vera gel containing vancomycin showed desirable properties, making it a promising candidate for wound healing. Its antimicrobial activity and ability to support tissue regeneration suggest it as a valuable treatment for accelerating the wound-healing process
Hemostatic Ability of Thermosensitive Biologically Active Gelatin-Alginate Hydrogels Modified with Humic Acids and Impregnated with Aminocaproic Acid
Get PDFThe article studies the hemostatic ability of thermosensitive biopolymer hydrogels containing 14% by weight of gelatin and 6.4% by weight of sodium alginate, impregnated with a hemostatic agent aminocaproic acid ~0.2 g/ml, with the addition of humic acids with antioxidant, antibacterial, fungicidal and anti-inflammatory properties. Modification of hydrogels with humic acids slightly increases viscosity, but maintains the gel-sol transition temperature close to the physiological temperature of about 37 °C, which allows them to melt on human skin or inside a wound, ensuring the delivery of aminocaproic acid. SEM images showed that the developed hydrogels have a layered internal morphology, which is improved due to better swelling of the hydrogels contained humic acids, which promotes the dissolution of aminocaproic acid inside the hydrogels and its subsequent rapid delivery to the bleeding site when applying a hydrogel dressing. It has been experimentally established that the concentration of humic acids in hydrogels of no more than 5 wt.% promotes blood clotting due to the entry of aminocaproic acid into it from the hydrogels. The aminocaproic acid delivered at physiological temperature from these hydrogels can shorten the blood clotting time to the lower limit of the normal clotting time range. The clotting time of the hydrogel with 5 wt.% humic acid is only 95 s, which confirms its particularly effective hemostatic ability
A Meta-Data Analysis on the Primary and Secondary Health Care Needs to Prevent Obesity among the High School Students in the United States
Get PDFObesity in schools has grown to become one of the most dramatic features of the global obesity epidemic, with long-term consequences. It has become a public health challenge globally. This study is a meta data analysis of recently published articles in the refereed journals. Fifteen articles were purposively selected based on the criteria of obesity among the high school students and were analyzed to find the recent changing trends of obesity in schools. The analysis of studies demonstrates that school-aged children in the United States have a high prevalence of obesity. The findings provide evidence for prevention intervention strategies to reduce obesity in school-age children. The finding shows that there is a need for more greater awareness of the issues of obesity in schools and the author recommends the ways and means to reduce the obesity in schools in the United States. It is recommended that a healthy lifestyle during high school age is a must for teenagers to avoid obesity
The Impact of the Risk Perception of COVID-19 PANDEMIC on College Students' Occupational Anxiety: The Moderating Effect of Career Adaptability
Get PDFIn order to understand the changes in college students' risk perception and occupational emotion under major public health events and to explore the influencing factors of college graduates' employment guidance, 578 college students were surveyed by questionnaire to explore the impact of the risk perception of COVID-19 pandemic on college students' occupational anxiety and its internal mechanisms, and to analyze the mediating role of psychological resilience in the impact and the moderating role of career adaptability. The results showed that: (1) there is a significant positive correlation between the risk perception of COVID-19 pandemic and occupational anxiety; there is a significant negative correlation between risk perception and psychological resilience; there is a significant negative correlation between the psychological resilience and occupational anxiety. (2) Psychological resilience plays a mediating role between risk perception and occupational anxiety. (3) Career adaptability plays a negative moderating role between the risk perception of COVID-19 pandemic and occupational anxiety. These results showed that the risk perception of COVID-19 pandemic not only directly aggravates college students' occupational anxiety, but also indirectly affects occupational anxiety through psychological resilience; Career adaptability significantly alleviats the incremental effect of the risk perception of COVID-19 pandemic on college students' occupational anxiety. This paper has positive enlightenment on how to improve the employability of college students and alleviate their employment anxiety during major public health events
Everydayness of Peace and War
Get PDFThe article examines everydayness as an integrative sphere of society, which is dominant for a person since it is at the micro level that an individual forms his or her social reality. Dialectical relationships between the individual and the general can be traced in everydayness, a semantic content is formed, which makes it possible to understand what happens every day in the everyday life of a person. Therefore, everyday life acts as one of the mechanisms of formation of values, socialization and a source of formation of social capital at the micro-, meso-, and macro levels.
On the basis of empirical data, it is shown that social capital accumulates in the everyday sphere, which is strong and can withstand external aggressive manifestations, such as Russia’s war against Ukraine. Ukrainian society can withstand full-scale military aggression due to solidarity ties, dense network communications, and social trust at the level of horizontal relationships. In this way, everyday life has a latent effect on the functioning of social institutions at the level of the city and the state which are the field of implementation of people's everyday routines
Early Detection Model of Drug Abuse Relapse in the City of Padang
Get PDFThe past year prevalence rate was 1.80% or 180 out of 10,000 Indonesians aged 15-64 years or equivalent to approximately 3.4 million people. The survey also found that drug abuse has penetrated into the countryside with very prominent drug use at a very productive age (25-49 years) and the prevalence rate in the past year of use above 2.5%. The various impacts of drug use can be overcome by conducting a rehabilitation program. The process of drug rehabilitation is a process given to drug addicts so that their mental, physical and social conditions improve, the existence of rehabilitation is expected to be able to reduce the adverse effects on physical and mental conditions and can reduce dependence and relapse due to drug use, so as to reduce the number of drug abusers. In this post-rehabilitation stage, drug abusers are prone to relapse. The case of relapse in drug users is very high, found in more than 50% of addicts in the last decade. Based on research, relapse rates are known to reach approximately 80 percent within the first six months, and occur as much as approximately 50 percent within two years. However, the various definitions of relapse have led to different relapse rates in Indonesia. The Ministry of Health in 2018 claimed that the relapse rate in Indonesia reached 24.3% while the relapse rate according to BNN stated that before the implementation of rehabilitation, Indonesia's relapse rate reached 90%. Indonesia's relapse rate after the implementation of rehabilitation at the Lido Bogor rehabilitation and therapy center is around 7%.
Methods: This study uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach and aims to determine the determinants of early detection of relapse in drug abusers in Padang city. The informants in this study are drug abuser clients who are undergoing rehabilitation, in the post-rehabilitation program, and who have completed the rehabilitation program at HB Saanin Mental Hospital Padang, West Sumatera BNNP Clinic, and Yayasan Karunia Insani in Padang City, with a total of 6 people. In addition, the respondent sample consisted of 30 drug abusers who were undergoing rehabilitation. The analysis included instrument validity and reliability tests, expert analysis, and diagnostic test analysis.
Results: Respondents' ages varied from 18 to 46 years old Factors that encourage relapse are the influence of friends and invitations from friends who use drugs. In addition, the absence of work and family problems also encourage relapse, Family, friends and community support for resilience, Informants revealed that rehabilitation programs can help informants from the risk of relapse, Informants confirmed that relapse can occur in anyone even in people undergoing intensive treatment, comprehensive and sustainable lecture programs can prevent relapse, Stress, depression, and social pressure factors affect the risk of relapse, the first signs of relapse felt by informants are unstable emotions. The developed relapse early detection model has significant predictive ability with an AUC of 78% and can predict the incidence of relapse with an accuracy between 60.2% and 95.8%. The model shows a strong correlation with the SSRS and has a 10,200 times greater chance of detecting relapse cases than the SSRS.
Conclusion: Informants define relapse as a situation where someone who has used drugs uses drugs again, Factors that encourage relapse are the influence of friends and invitations from friends who use drugs. In addition, the absence of work and family problems also encourage relapse, Family, friends and community support for resilience, Informants revealed that rehabilitation programs can help informants from the risk of relapse, Informants confirmed that relapse can occur in anyone even in people undergoing intensive treatment, comprehensive and sustainable lecture programs can prevent relapse events, Stress, depression, and social pressure factors affect the risk of relapse, the first signs of relapse felt by informants are unstable emotions
Cognitive Development Through Language Learning: Examining Bilingualism in Early Childhood Education
Get PDFBackground: This study investigates the cognitive and linguistic advantages of bilingualism in early childhood education, focusing on language proficiency and executive function (EF) in bilingual and monolingual children. Prior research has suggested the potential benefits of bilingualism in cognitive flexibility, language development, and social skills, which are critical for educational success.
Method: The study assessed the language skills and cognitive flexibility of 100 preschool-age children using standardized assessments, including the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) for language skills and the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) for cognitive flexibility. The children were divided into bilingual and monolingual groups to compare performance on these assessments.
Result: Bilingual children demonstrated higher scores in native language proficiency (M = 95.6) and executive function (M = 89.2%) than monolingual children, indicating superior language and cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest that bilingualism enhances flexibility, consciousness, problem-solving, social skills, and emotional regulation in young children.
Conclusion: The results support the inclusion of bilingual education in early childhood programs to foster language development and cognitive skills in young children. However, the study’s limitations, including a narrow sample and reliance on standardized assessments, highlight the need for further research across diverse populations to explore the long-term effects of bilingualism. The cognitive, language, and social advantages observed are likely beneficial for future academic success and life skills
Materiality and Immateriality: Exploring Material Culture in the Construction of Cultural Meanings
Get PDFMaterial culture encompasses more than objects; it represents the dynamic interactions between people and artifacts, embedding cultural practices, values, and social structures within tangible forms. Rooted primarily in archaeology and anthropology, Material Culture is closely associated with technology, understood as the processes and systems underlying artifact creation and use. This relationship underscores technology´s role as a cultural process, involving the organization of knowledge, practices, and social interactions.
While Material Culture focuses on artifacts as cultural symbols, technology explores their production processes. Holistic technologies, characterized by individual artisans’ control over production, contrast with prescriptive technologies, which employ segmented labour, reflecting advancements in social and economic organization. The distinction highlights the interplay between technological practices and societal dynamics.
Anthropological studies demonstrate how cultural factors influence technological practices, including gendered roles in the creation of artifacts. Artifacts encode information, not only serving utilitarian purposes but also acting as media for memory, identity, and power relations. The meanings embedded in the objects often transcend their materiality, reflecting complex social and cultural ideologies.
By bridging the tangible and intangible, Material Culture provides a critical framework for understanding the relationship between culture, technology, and society. This perspective reveals how technological processes shape human experience and contribute to the materialization of cultural values and beliefs, offering valuable insights into the evolution of social systems and identities