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Prompt Response, Cues-Pause-Point Therapies and Gender on Management of Echolalia among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Get PDFThe repetitive and delayed nature of echolalia can hinder the development of adaptive behaviors and impact the ability to establish rapport with others. This study investigated the effects of prompt response and cues-pause-point therapies on the management of echolalia among children with autism spectrum disorder. A pre-test, post-test, and control group of a 3x2 factorial matrix of quasi-experimental research design was used to assess the effect of the therapies on children with autism spectrum disorder in Ibadan, Nigeria. 90children with autism spectrum disorder were purposively selected using Diagnostic Statistical Manual- V (DSM-V) for ASD (0.70), Gilliam Autism Rating Scale/Third Edition (GARS-3) (in terms of sensitivity= 0.97, ROU/AUC= 0.93). In contrast, the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) (0.90) was used for the pretest and posttest to ascertain the presence of echolalia. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: prompt response, cues-pause-point therapies, or control (N = 90, male = 44, female = 46, age range = 3 –5 years old). Twenty-four prompt response and cues-pause-point therapy were held for each experimental group. The findings showed that the main effect of treatment (prompt response and cues-pause-point therapies) (F (2; 72) = 45.519, p<.05, ƞ2 = .558) on the management of echolalia among children with autism was significant, premised on this, the null hypothesis was rejected. The post hoc estimated marginal mean indicates that prompt response treatment was higher than cues-pause-point therapy; however, this difference was statistically significant. The study findings indicated that the impact of gender on managing echolalia in individuals with ASD was not statistically significant. Based on the findings, it is recommended that speech therapists, caregivers, and parents of children with autism spectrum disorder should seek alternative therapy that will take into cognizance other underlying factors associated with the presence of echolalia
Analysis of Wide Modified Rankin Score Dataset using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation
Get PDFBrain hemorrhage and strokes are serious medical conditions that can have devastating effects on a person's overall well-being and are influenced by several factors. We often encounter such scenarios specially in medical field where a single variable is associated with several other features. Visualizing such datasets with a higher number of features poses a challenge due to their complexity. Additionally, the presence of a strong correlation structure among the features makes it hard to determine the impactful variables with the usual statistical procedure. The present paper deals with analysing real life wide Modified Rankin Score dataset within a Bayesian framework using a logistic regression model by employing Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Latterly, multiple covariates in the model are subject to testing against zero in order to simplify the model by utilizing a model comparison tool based on Bayes Information Criterion
Reticulocytes and Related Parameters in Clinical Practice
No full textThe development of hematologic analyzers allowed us to assess several additional parameters derived in addition to the number of reticulocytes. There is, among others, the calculation of immature reticulocyte fractions, reticulocyte maturity index, reticulocyte production index, and equivalent reticulocyte hemoglobin. The advantage of the equivalent hemoglobin and the content of hemoglobin is the insensitivity to interference by inflammation. These newly introduced parameters expand the possibilities to access bone marrow erythropoietic activity, iron stores, and the effectiveness of iron supplementation, vitamin B12, and folic acid supplementation. These parameters are also used to make decisions about blood transfusions or to detect occult internal bleeding
Interaction between T Cells and Endothelial Cells: Insights into Immune Response and Vascular Health among Children
No full textThe functioning of T cells, key players in the immune response, is inherently influenced by specific nutrients. Understanding how dietary factors influence T cell function is pivotal in the context of child health. Eendothelial cell antigen presentation to T cells influences the outcome of several immune system functions. However, the consequences of these interactions are still discussed, with different responses observed depending on the phenotype and functional reactivity of both cells. Relating our findings to specific nutrition-related diseases in children, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular issues, establishes a direct link between T cell-endothelium interactions and pediatric health outcomes. The role of nutritional interventions extends beyond meeting basic dietary needs; it plays a dynamic role in shaping immune responses in children. Recognizing the interconnectedness of nutrition and immunology allows for developing targeted strategies. In this study, we find a close relationship between T lymphocytes (CTL) and endothelium, which is required and important for proliferation and differentiation to determine the size of the cell mass in the circulation. With an eye towards therapeutic opportunities, this review discusses in detail the link between both, how they are each activated, their substrates, and their regulation, and maps out how they interact
The Political Economy of Contemporary Insecurity in Nigeria: Theoretical Issues and Explanations
Get PDFThis paper examined the nature of contemporary insecurity in Nigeria. The paper adopts a qualitative methodology, and the data were gathered using documentary sources. It anchors on political economy approach using game theoretic modeling as theoretical framework. The paper argued that Nigerian state is currently facing internal security threats from separatist demands and ethnic militias to terrorism, cattle rustling, kidnapping for ransom, armed banditry, and armed robbery among others. It further stressed that Nigeria's frighteningly high level of insecurity makes its citizens live in constant fear. That Nigeria's socio-economic development has been badly impacted by this insecurity, which also has an influence on the credibility of Nigeria's international image. In order to address Nigeria's worries about insecurity, this paper concluded with policy recommendations, primarily for the National Assembly that corrupt practices must be addressed in order to restore peace in Nigeria. Also, to facilitate effective governance, which is necessary for upholding peace and stability in the country, the National Assembly must use the power of the legislative power derived from the constitution to improve responsiveness, transparency and accountability
Automatic Diagnosis of Lung Diseases (Pneumonia, Cancer) with given Reliabilities on the Basis of an Irradiation Images of Patients
Get PDFThe article proposes algorithms for the automatic diagnosis of human lung diseases pneumonia and cancer, based on images obtained by radiation irradiation, which allow us to make decisions with the necessary reliability, that is, to restrict the probabilities of making possible errors to a pre-planned level. Since the information obtained from the observation is random, Wald’s sequential analysis method and Constrained Bayesian Method (CBM) of statistical hypothesis testing are used for making a decision, which allow us to restrict both types of possible errors. Both methods have been investigated using statistical simulation and real data, which fully confirmed the correctness of theoretical reasoning and the ability to make decisions with the required reliability using artificial intelligence. The advantage of CBM compared to Wald’s method is shown, which is expressed in the relative scarcity of observation results needed to make a decision with the same reliability. The possibility of implementing the proposed method in modern computerized X-ray equipment due to its simplicity and promptness of decision-making is also shown
Extreme Psycho-Emotional Stress for Kharkivites Caused by Russia-Aggressor Bombardments: Ways to Overcome
No full textBackground: This psychological research, conducted in the first months of the war, was carried out for the first time in world scientific practice. Our aim was to present the missing mathematical-statistical assessment of the emotional response and psycho-physiological state of civilians who, from the first day of the war, were in Kharkiv, constantly under Russian-aggressor fire.
Methods: 585 Kharkiv participants were tested using the only possible means accepted during constant rocket attacks and hostilities (visual psychodiagnostics methods).
Results: Negative mental manifestations and the disability of Kharkivites to manage their psycho-emotional state have been established. Their evolution has been traced. The time stages of the participants’ states were identified and characterized. Nearly all participants demonstrated intense stress-induced arousal and psycho-emotional incapacity/inability. Psychotrauma also developed among Kharkivites, who constantly monitored military events through social Internet networks. Children were the most susceptible to all severe sensations.
Conclusions: The identified conditions are dangerous because they lead to pathological neurological-somatic disorders, psycho-emotional incapacity, or disability due to the stress-induced somatic-physiological destruction of the body. To normalize the psycho-emotional self-awareness and to help the participants get out of a stressful state, various preventive-rehabilitation means were used
The Inner World and Formation of the Paranoid Personality Type in Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
No full textThis study investigates the progression of paranoid personality disorder (PPD) and its influence on social interactions. Contemporary research indicates that genetic predispositions and extrinsic variables, such as crisis events, play a role in the development of PPD. Individuals with PPD frequently struggle to form enduring social relationships as a result of their prevailing negative thoughts, hostility, and unwillingness to compromise. The study emphasizes the need for prompt psychological support in overcoming stereotyped cognition and diminishing social seclusion among individuals with personality disorders. The study employs a theoretical and methodological framework that integrates analytical research methodologies and content analysis of psychotherapy interventions for individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions. The findings uncover challenges about psychological adjustment, emotional control, and interpersonal communication abilities among patients with PPD. This article also presents contemporary psychotherapy approaches that aid in recovering mental well-being. Furthermore, a pragmatic framework for the diagnosis and treatment of PPD in psychotherapy has been created. The findings collected in this study hold great importance for professionals in the fields of education and social work, as well as practical value for psychologists and psychotherapists who offer support to those at risk of developing neuropsychiatric illnesses
The Doctrine of Excessive Formalism in the Legal Theory and Practice of the European Court of Human Rights
Get PDFAs a means of organising certain existing disputes and resolving conflicts within society, it has made the institution of procedural formalities necessary since the beginning of history. The existence of formalities in a proceeding, whether judicial or extrajudicial, serves to limit certain situations in the course of the process. It is well known that there are several principles that regulate the formalities of procedure, mainly by establishing procedural limits. These reason values are thus aimed at achieving the principles of purpose. The methodological basis of the article is the dialectical method of cognition based on materialistic dialectic with the use of such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, specification, analogy, hypothesis building method, and the system-structural method. The study has resulted in the identification of cases of excessive formalism by courts when applying the rules of procedural law. The practical significance of the results obtained is to prevent such mistakes by law enforcement authorities in the future. As a result of writing this article, the author has established that the main manifestations of excessive formalism are the creation by the court of procedural obstacles to the implementation of procedural rules by the parties to the case, strict interpretation by national legislation of the procedural rules, and return of an administrative claim on formal grounds. It is proved that excessive formalism in resolving the issue of acceptance of a statement of claim leads to a violation of the right to fair judicial protection
Disentangling the Contexts of Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Gender Differences
Get PDFPrevious studies of adolescent substance use have noted how adolescent substance use is influenced by both protective and risk factors. Additionally, researchers have also noted the gradual convergence of female and male substance use, resulting in similar substance use patterns across the two. Using data from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors, this study examines the distinct effects of contextual factors upon the substance use by adolescent females and males. While both girls and boys do report similar patterns of substance use, the analyses demonstrate that peer, family, school, and work contexts affect females’ and males’ substance use in different manners. While peers readily affect drinking behaviors of each sex, peer influence yields significant associations with females’ vaping, but not males’. Among males, family contextual factors are associated with both vaping and marijuana use, while females’ vaping and marijuana use are more substantially affected by school and work contexts. The findings of this study, along with the implications thereof, are framed within the ecodevelopmental perspective