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Generative Artificial Intelligence Systems in the Fight Against Corruption: Potential, Threats and Prospects for Ukraine
Get PDFCorruption remains one of Ukraine's most pressing challenges, undermining the rule of law, hindering economic development, and eroding public trust in state institutions. In the contemporary digital transformation era, generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems present new opportunities for combating corruption through automated solutions for financial flow analysis, anomaly detection, and corruption risk assessment. However, deploying such technological systems raises significant legal, ethical, and technical concerns.
This article analyses the potential and challenges of applying generative AI systems in Ukraine's anti-corruption policy. Through comparative analysis of international experience, the study identifies effective methods for implementing AI in Ukraine's law enforcement and governance practices, considering the country's legislative framework and political context. The research examines risks associated with AI implementation, including algorithmic manipulation, cybersecurity threats, data protection concerns, and ethical challenges.
The authors propose recommendations for adapting AI technologies to Ukraine's anti-corruption efforts, including developing regulatory frameworks, introducing algorithmic accountability, implementing ethical AI standards, and strengthening international cooperation. The findings demonstrate that, with proper regulation and oversight, generative AI can enhance government transparency and reinforce the rule of law in anti-corruption efforts
Comparison of Heterogeneity Measures in Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Heterogeneity assessment is critical in meta-analysis, as it determines the appropriateness of combining studies and affects result reliability. Cochran’s Q is the traditional test, nevertheless, it has low statistical power, so many researchers resort to using heterogeneity measures to quantify the heterogeneity.
Aim: This article aims to compare the performance of the most commonly used heterogeneity measures through simulation.
Materials and Methods: We compared the performance of four heterogeneity measures (, , , H) across various homogeneous and heterogeneous patient-event probabilities [], various sample sizes (n) and number of studies (k), using RMSE (Root mean squared error) and BIAS values in simulation scenarios. Additionally, Cochran’s Q Type-I error rate and power were evaluated using the same simulation scenarios.
Results: and H outperformed other measures in large samples, while , and were preferable for small studies.
Conclusion: Researchers can use the simulation results from this study to select an appropriate heterogeneity measure for their meta-analysis work. This approach is expected to prevent time loss due to unnecessary subgroup analyses in situations where heterogeneity appears to be present but is actually absent
Association between Body Mass Index and Complete Blood Count Parameters
Get PDFObesity is an abnormal or extraordinary cumulative fat in the body which can lead to health problems. Its prevalence increased worldwide. This study aims to identify the effect of obesity on CBC parameters in obese subjects. Two hundred obese patients of either gender, the mean age was (33.71±2) years, 148 were females (74.4%) and 52 were males (25.6%), each subject submitted to medical history, physical examination, and CBC test. The results of the study revealed that there was a correlation between BMI and CBC parameters, (P value <0.05). This study concluded that there is positive correlation between CBC and BMI (positively correlated, p-value <0.05)
The Effect of Website “Remaja Cegah DBD” on the Prevention Behaviour of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Among Students at Junior High School in Makassar City, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. It occurs frequently children and adolescents. In 2023, the incidence of DHF in Makassar City was 26 per 100,000 population. Preventive efforts, such as increasing community awareness through health education at the school level, need to be initiated.
Objectives: The aim of this study was analyze the effect of the "Remaja Cegah DBD" (Youth Prevents DHF) website on dengue prevention behavior among students at Public Junior High School (SMPN) in Makassar.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a non-randomized pre-test and post-test control group design involving 122 students, the main intervention group consisted of 61 respondents at SMPN 8, and the comparison intervention group included 61 respondents at SMPN 6. Data were collected from August 22 to September 6, 2024. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods, including Paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, Independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney test, with Stata Program version 14.
Results: There was a significant difference in DHF prevention knowledge before and after the website intervention (p=0.000). There was also a significant difference in attitudes (p=0.000) and practices (p=0.000) before and after the website intervention. Furthermore, there were significant differences in prevention behavior between the main intervention group (website) and the comparison group (leaflet), with statistical test results for knowledge (p=0.000), attitude (p=0.000), and practice (p=0.0016).
Conclusion: Website was more effective as an educational prevention of DHF among adolescents or students in Makassar City, compared to leaflet-based media
Comprehensive Characterization of Raw and Oxalic Acid Treated Ripen Cellulosic Biofiber from Areca Catechu Inflorescence as Substitute for Harmful Synthetic Products
Get PDFThe inherent characteristics of natural fibers include a low density and a high strength-to-weight ratio, making them promising candidates for lightweight applications. The mechanical features of these strands are prejudiced by their chemical compositions and the cross-sectional area being the most variable factor affecting strength. In this research, strands were obtained by processing the ripen inflorescence of Areca tree and subjected to treatment with an oxalic acid (C2H2O4) solution to enhance their properties. The extracted fibers underwent examination for chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties. The study findings indicate that fibers treated with a 4 wt.% C2H2O4 solution for 60 min exhibit superior properties. The strands segregated from the ripen inflorescence of areca tree treated with 4 wt.% C2H2O4 solution for 60 min exhibited a rise in cellulose proportion by 26.7%, tensile strength by 13.5%, crystallinity index by 16.6%, thermal endurance by 6.3% and appreciable surface roughness compared to the untreated fibers as viewed through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis endorsed the observations of chemical analysis. The characterization of areca inflorescence fibers in this study highlights significant advantages for the advancement of composite materials
Crosslinking of Hardwood Lignin with Citric Acid for Sustainable Wood Adhesives
Get PDFThe toxicity of petroleum-based crosslinkers raises health and environmental concerns, prompting interest in bio-based alternatives. This study reports the facile crosslinking of hardwood lignin (HWL) with citric acid (CA) as a bio-crosslinker for application as a lignin-based wood adhesive. HWL is characterized by GPC and DSC to determine its molecular weight and glass transition temperature, respectively. The successful crosslinking and esterification reactions of the HWL-CA-based resin are confirmed by the exothermic peaks observed in the DSC thermogram and by FT-IR analysis. The HWL-based adhesives with various proportions of CA meet the Korean standard shear strength requirement of 0.60 MPa, with 12% CA (HWL-CA12) giving the maximum value of 1.07 MPa. The successful surface modification of the veneer pre-treatment with CA is also confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Although the adhesive strength of the HWL-CA12 is decreased on the pre-treated veneer relative to the untreated veneer, it remains above the standard requirement on the veneers that were treated with 10% and 15% of CA. These findings demonstrate the potential of CA-crosslinked lignin as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based wood adhesives
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt: Tunable Photoluminescence and Optoelectronic Properties for Advanced Applications
Get PDFPolyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) is a conductive polymer with promising optoelectronic properties, synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization and confirmed in its emeraldine salt form through structural analysis. Optical characterization revealed distinct absorption bands linked to key electronic transitions, indicating semiconducting behavior. Under UV excitation, photoluminescence studies showed two main emission features corresponding to dimer and excimer states, both exhibiting large Stokes shifts and a quantum yield of 0.27. These long Stokes shifts suggest efficient energy relaxation, while the moderate quantum efficiency highlights the material’s capability for light-emitting applications. The combination of tunable emission, stable optical response, and electrical conductivity positions PANI-ES as a versatile material for photonic technologies. Potential applications include organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photodetectors, and optically pumped organic lasers. Overall, the study demonstrates that PANI-ES offers a favorable balance of structural stability, optical performance, and electronic properties, making it a strong candidate for integration into advanced optoelectronic and photonic devices
Impact of Corona Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Hemp Fiber Reinforced in Epoxy Matrix Composite
Get PDFCorona treatment was applied to enhance the interfacial adhesion between hemp woven fibers and epoxy resin in fiber-reinforced composites. Using a cold pressing method with equal parts of resin and fiber (50 g each), samples were treated for 1–4 min. SEM analysis revealed that increased treatment time led to greater fiber surface roughness and reduced voids at the fiber–matrix interface, improving bonding. Tensile strength increased with treatment time, peaking at 48.68 MPa at 3 min before slightly decreasing at 4 min. The elastic modulus remained stable (304.67–312.52 MPa) up to 3 min, then dropped slightly to 302.86 MPa. Overall, corona-treated composites exhibited a 55% increase in tensile strength compared to untreated ones, confirming the treatment’s effectiveness in enhancing mechanical performance
From Petrochemical to Photosynthetic: Algae-Derived Polymers for Sustainable Industrial Applications
Get PDFThe demand for biopolymers made from photosynthetic organisms like algae is growing. This rise is driven by the global shift toward sustainable and renewable resources. This study examines the switch from conventional polymers based on petrochemicals to those derived from algae, emphasizing the potential of the latter for a variety of industrial uses. Algae, including both microalgae and macroalgae, are excellent feedstocks. They can produce various biopolymers such as alginate, carrageenan, agar, ulvan, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Algae grow quickly and do not compete with food crops, making them highly sustainable. Algae-derived biopolymers are useful in many applications, which include food packaging, biomedical devices, pharmaceuticals, and energy storage. Their key properties biodegradability, biocompatibility, film-forming ability, and gelling behaviormake them attractive alternatives. The study also discusses challenges such as scalability, processing methods, and market integration. It reviews the types of algae-based biopolymers, their production techniques, and performance characteristics. Overall, algae-derived polymers ultimately offer a viable route to more environmentally friendly industrial solutions, assisting in the development of a carbon-neutral and circular economy
Pregnancy and Embryonic Loss Among Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols in Post-partum Dairy Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Get PDFThe aims of the study were to determine the pregnancies and embryonic losses following Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) protocols and to generate strategic breeding management for buffaloes. In Study 1, buffaloes in natural estrus were inseminated, serving as Control (T1). In T2, buffaloes were subjected to the Controlled Internal Drug Release-Synch-human Chorionic Gonadotropin (CIDR-Synch-hCG) protocol. In T3, animals were subjected to Prostaglandin protocol, and T4 is similar to T3 except that hCG was supplemented on the Day of AI. In Study 2, buffaloes were subjected to the CIDR-Synch-hCG protocol, and the sizes of pre-ovulatory follicles were measured as the basis for the conduct of TAI. In Study 3, animals were similarly subjected to the CIDR-Synch-hCG protocol at different seasons. Results in Study 1 indicate that the CIDR-Synch-hCG protocol achieved pregnancy rates on Days 30 and 60 post-AI and embryonic loss, which are not significantly different (P<0.05) from those of natural estrus (T1), and that the Prostaglandin protocol supplemented with hCG (T4) resulted in significantly higher pregnancies and lower embryonic loss compared with Prostaglandin alone (T3) group. In Study 2, inseminating buffaloes with ≥12.0 mm pre-ovulatory follicle size (T3) yielded the highest pregnancies (P<0.05) at Days 30 and 60 with the lowest (P<0.05) embryonic loss among follicle size groups. In Study 3, TAI performed during January-March and October-December indicated significantly higher pregnancies (P<0.05) with lower embryonic loss (P<0.05) compared with the April-June and July-September seasons. In sum, the present study demonstrated the efficiencies of Timed AI protocols, which provided opportunities for their strategic use in breeding programs to achieve greater productivity and profitability from buffalo farming