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Dismantling Solidarity: Capitalist Politics and American Pensions since the New Deal
Get PDF[Excerpt] Why has old-age security become less solidaristic and increasingly tied to risky capitalist markets? Drawing on rich archival data that covers more than fifty years of American history, Michael A. McCarthy argues that the critical driver was policymakers\u27 reactions to capitalist crises and their political imperative to promote capitalist growth.Pension development has followed three paths of marketization in America since the New Deal, each distinct but converging: occupational pension plans were adopted as an alternative to real increases in Social Security benefits after World War II, private pension assets were then financialized and invested into the stock market, and, since the 1970s, traditional pension plans have come to be replaced with riskier 401(k) retirement plans. Comparing each episode of change, Dismantling Solidarity mounts a forceful challenge to common understandings of America’s private pension system and offers an alternative political economy of the welfare state. McCarthy weaves together a theoretical framework that helps to explain pension marketization with structural mechanisms that push policymakers to intervene to promote capitalist growth and avoid capitalist crises and contingent historical factors that both drive them to intervene in the particular ways they do and shape how their interventions bear on welfare change. By emphasizing the capitalist context in which policymaking occurs, McCarthy turns our attention to the structural factors that drive policy change. Dismantling Solidarity is both theoretically and historically detailed and superbly argued, urging the reader to reconsider how capitalism itself constrains policymaking. It will be of interest to sociologists, political scientists, historians, and those curious about the relationship between capitalism and democracy
New Hyde – Garden City Park Union Free School District and New Hyde Park – Garden City Park Teachers Aides Unit, United Public Service Employees Union (UPSEU) (2017)
Get PDFMonroe County Sheriff and Monroe County Deputy Sheriffs Association
Get PDFIn the matter of the fact-finding between the Monroe County Sheriff, employer, and the Monroe County Deputy Sheriffs Association, union. PERB case no. M2013-172. Before: Stephen P. LaLonde, fact finder
Levittown Union Free School District and Levittown Unit #7551, CSEA Local 1000, AFSCME, AFL-CIO, Nassau Education Local 865 (2017)
Get PDFAdmissions, Financial Aid, and Development Policies
Get PDFWould that academic institutions were simple organizations. If they were, the determination of what is considered ethical behavior in academic decision making probably would be clear cut. However, I will argue today, using admissions, financial aid, and development policies as examples, that what is ethical behavior may not be as clear cut as casual observers might think. And, whether behavior is judged ethical in one dimension of an institution’s activities may well depend upon how decisions in this sphere interact with other uses of resources at the institution and what the institution’s competitors are doing
Structural Change and Productivity Growth in India and the People\u27s Republic of China
Get PDFGlobalization has significantly changed the composition and structure of emerging economies, which has in turn reallocated factors across various economic activities. In this context, this study examines the sources of labor reallocation or structural change, and measures and empirically evaluates the contribution of structural change to labor productivity growth (LPG) by controlling for indicators of economic globalization and types of human capital. The study also evaluates the relative contributions of human and physical capital to LPG. The study found that changing final demand is the most crucial factor in labor reallocation in India. In the PRC, this and changes in technology are factors of labor allocation. The regression analysis confirmed that structural change, globalization, and human capital significantly contribute to LPG. Due to its prevailing structure, India is capable of leading global economic growth in the future, provided that certain necessary policies on human capital development, outward-oriented policies, and other conducive economic reform measures are taken
Urban Development, Excessive Entry of Firms and Wage Inequality in Developing Countries
Get PDFThis paper examines the short- and long-term effects of urbanization, via favorable urban development policies, on income distribution and social welfare for a developing country. The urban manufacturing sector is characterized by imperfect competition and free entry. Urbanization shifts rural workers to the highly productive urban sector, while causing production in urban firms to expand because of scale economies. However, urbanization may worsen wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labor in the short term. In the long term, urbanization can attract new firms to the urban sector, and favorable urban development policies may result in excessive entry of firms, which can amplify wage inequality in the economy. This entry-amplifying effect is confirmed empirically, especially for low- and lower-middle-income countries. If the entry effect is not considered, the impact of urbanization on wage inequality could be understated by 18% for low- and lower-middle-income countries
Living and Working in Europe 2016
Get PDF[Excerpt] 2016 was the concluding year of Eurofound’s work programme for 2013–2016 From crisis to recovery: Better informed policies for a fair and competitive Europe. This work programme was designed to provide evidence to feed into the development of social, employment and work-related policies to aid the recovery of the European Union in the aftermath of a severe economic crisis that has had profound and wide-ranging repercussions on citizens, countries and the Union itself. The priorities of the programme reflected the challenge of achieving a fair and competitive Europe in the context of uncertainty on the road ahead and the measures necessary to regain growth and prosperity
Reversing Inequality, Combatting Climate Change: A Climate Jobs Program for New York State
Get PDF[Excerpt] Economic inequality in New York is rising. Currently, the state has the second highest level of economic inequality in the country. Unequal job growth across the state and stagnant wages in several sectors are two of the main contributors to rising inequality. While the state overall has seen several years of employment growth, there are stronger employment gains in New York City than in other parts of the state still suffering from job losses and stagnant employment levels. Additionally, in many sectors, such as construction and manufacturing, wages are not increasing at the same pace as inflation, leaving many workers with paychecks that fail to cover basic household costs.
At the same time, New York is falling far short of its necessary greenhouse gas pollution reductions. To stop catastrophic climate change, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced at least 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050, which would require four times the current annual emissions reduction rate. By 2050, New York State’s emissions must be only a fraction of what they are now to meet the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s targets set to prevent irreversible damage. We are far from that target. In the transportation sector, emissions are actually increasing and energy sector emissions may also be increasing given likely underestimation of methane emissions from natural gas.
New York State can take action now to protect New Yorkers from the worst effects of climate change, and do our part in reducing global emissions, while also fighting against growing economic inequality. Extreme weather, such as Hurricanes Irene and Sandy, is predicted to become more the norm, not the exception. These recent extreme weather events highlighted New York’s deep inequality: some could afford to leave the city or move into hotels when their residences flooded while others were left stranded.
Adopting a bold and aggressive plan to invest in climate-addressing infrastructure can be an important step towards simultaneously addressing the crises of inequality and climate change head on and position New York as a national leader in charting the path to a low-carbon, equitable economy. The recommendations presented below aim to create good, high-road jobs that provide family- sustaining wages and benefits for communities across the state. These proposals could also result in meaningful emissions reductions and put New York on the path to building an equitable clean-energy economy that can work for all New Yorkers. The authors hope this report helps spark additional research and policy development on how to simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reverse inequality by protecting workers and creating good, family-sustaining jobs in new low- carbon sectors. Future research, in particular, could perform a detailed analysis of the cost of job creation strategies in low-carbon sectors, how to finance these strategies, and a cost-benefit analysis that includes the cost of potential job loss and reduced economic activity in high-carbon sectors
Social Mobility in the EU
Get PDFAcross the EU, citizens and governments of Member States are becoming increasingly concerned that – for the first time in decades – younger generations will have fewer opportunities for upward social mobility than preceding generations. This concern is shared by those on low incomes and the middle classes. This report sheds new light on the debate on social mobility in EU Member States and provides new evidence on patterns of intergenerational social mobility. It examines to what extent family background has determined people’s prospects for social mobility over the last few decades. It identifies key barriers to social mobility and reviews policies aimed at facilitating upward social mobility and equal opportunities specifically in the areas of childcare, early education, schooling and the labour market.
This report is the first to examine patterns of social mobility across all 28 Member States. It considers absolute social mobility (the extent and nature of structural, occupational change and societal progress) as well as relative social mobility (or ‘social fluidity’) – people’s chances of moving between certain occupational classes. Unlike many previous works in the field, the report analyses quantitative data regarding patterns of social mobility for men and women separately, underlining the increasingly important gender dimension. The qualitative information highlights the most pressing issues in terms of policy debate, the key barriers to social mobility, and policies for fostering equal opportunities and social mobility. In these analyses, occupational status is taken as the key indicator for measuring social mobility