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A Primer on U.S. Immigration Policy
Get PDF[Excerpt] This report provides a broad overview of U.S. immigration policy. The first section addresses policies governing how foreign nationals enter the United States either to reside permanently or to stay temporarily. Related topics within this section include visa issuance and security, forms of quasi-legal status, and naturalization. The second section discusses enforcement policies both for excluding foreign nationals from admission into the United States, as well as for detaining and removing those who enter the country unlawfully or who enter lawfully but subsequently commit crimes that make them deportable. The section also covers worksite enforcement and immigration fraud. The third section addresses policies for unauthorized aliens residing in the United States. While intended to be comprehensive, this primer may omit some immigration-related topics. It does not discuss policy issues or congressional concerns about specific immigration-related policies and programs
The Awkward Economics of Private Liberal Arts Colleges
Get PDFThe main goal of liberal arts colleges is to enhance their prestige, which comes from a reputation for producing high-quality graduates. People judge the quality of a college’s graduates by observable indicators of the quality of the college’s entering students and the quality of its faculty and facilities. Colleges can use endowment earnings and alumni gifts to “purchase” the factors that provide prestige. Need-based and merit scholarships help selective colleges en-roll better students than they could otherwise. They can help less-selective colleges fill empty seats, providing revenue to enhance their educational programs. Many tuition-dependent colleges can offer more need-based and merit scholarships than do colleges with abundant donor sup-port because they post sticker prices that substantially exceed their per-student expenditures. Some schools post sticker prices that exceed what any student pays because students take the posted price as an indication of the value of the colleges’ services. Merit scholarships can crowd out need-based scholarships. But, when schools use merit scholarships to fill empty seats, they can enhance school revenue and support need-based scholarships
Yorkville, Village of and Village of Yorkville Department of Public Works Unit, International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), AFL-CIO, Local 294 (2018)
Get PDFFloral Park-Bellerose Union Free School District and Floral Park-Bellerose District Teachers Association, New York State United Teachers (NYSUT), AFL-CIO (2018)
Get PDFDo Start-Ups Pay Less?
Get PDFThe authors analyze Danish registry data from 1991 to 2006 to determine how firm age and firm size influence wages. Unadjusted statistics suggest that smaller firms paid less than larger firms paid, and that firm age had little or no bearing on wages. After adjusting for differences in the characteristics of employees hired by these firms, however, they observe both firm age and firm size effects. Larger firms paid more than did smaller firms for observationally equivalent individuals but, contrary to conventional wisdom, younger firms paid more than older firms. The size effect, however, dominates the age effect. Thus, although the typical start-up — being both young and small — paid less than a more established employer, the largest start-ups paid a wage premium
Boosting Gender Equality through ADB Trade Finance Partnerships
Get PDFDespite some progress, women’s share in senior management is still poor. Closing the gender gap in leadership leads to better business and financial outcomes.
ADB’s Trade Finance Program—which guaranteed or funded 3,500 transactions in 2017 valued at $4.5 billion—conducted a gender audit among several of its partner banks. The objective of this study was to develop specific commendations to attract, retain, and promote more women in banking
Hong Kong Employment Law Update - April 2018
Get PDFIn This Issue: Case Reviews Defrauded employer not entitled to exemplary damages Employee sex discrimination claim fails Employee mistake did not warrant summary dismissal Employer breached employment contract in failing to allow employee to subscribe for share options Contract amendment case goes back to Tribunal Legislative Developments Employment (Amendment) Bill 2018 Paternity Leave Maternity Leave Statutory Minimum Wage review begins Government announces preliminary proposal on the abolition of MPF offsetting Immigration update: speaker/presenter exception for foreign visitor
Labor Market Regulations in the Context of Structural Transformation
Get PDFThis paper constructs a theoretical model to study labor market regulations in developing countries within the context of structural transformation. When workers are risk averse and the market for insurance against labor income risk is missing, regulations that provide insurance to workers (such as severance payments) are efficiency enhancing and promote structural transformation. However, regulations that simply create barriers to the dismissal of workers not only impede structural transformation, they also end up reducing the welfare of workers. The implications of some other issues like general regulatory burden, weak state capacity, and minimum wage regulations are analyzed as well. The paper provides some empirical evidence broadly consistent with the theoretical results using country data. While dismissal regulations increase the share of informal employment, severance payments to workers do not