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EXPLORANDO O POTENCIAL DO CRAJIRU PARA UM TINGIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DE TECIDOS DE ALGODÃO COM PROTEÇÃO UV
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of using crajiru leaves as a natural dye for cotton fabrics.
Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts and theories underpinning the research. Key theories include natural dyeing, the chemistry of natural dyes, dye extraction methods, and the theory of adsorption on textile substrates, providing a solid foundation for understanding the research context.
Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises an experimental study, including dye extraction, fabric dyeing, and the evaluation of fastness and UV protection. The materials used include dried crajiru leaves, chitosan, acetic acid, non-ionic detergent, temperature control equipment, and dyeing machines. Data collection was carried out through direct observations of the extraction and dyeing processes, as well as laboratory tests to measure extraction efficiency, dye yield, wash fastness, and UV protection.
Results and Discussion: The results revealed that higher temperatures led to greater efficiency in extracting the dye from crajiru leaves. The fabric dyeing process showed that higher temperatures resulted in better dye yield. Pre-treatment of the fabrics with chitosan significantly increased the absorption of the dye by cotton fibers, improving dye yield. Wash fastness tests indicated that the dyed fabrics maintained good fastness properties. The UV protection assessment showed that the crajiru extract promoted high UV protection, especially in samples pre-treated with chitosan. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and identified relationships. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section.
Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of sustainable textile technology. These implications may cover the sustainable fashion industry, the development of new textile products, and the improvement of natural dyeing processes.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by investigating the use of crajiru leaves as a natural dye for cotton fabrics, highlighting the influence of temperature and chitosan pre-treatment. The originality of the research lies in the innovative approach of combining chitosan with the natural dyeing process and new findings related to extraction efficiency and UV protection. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential impact on the textile industry, promoting more sustainable and environmentally responsible processes.Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o potencial do uso de folhas de crajiru como corante natural em tecidos de algodão.
Referencial Teórico: São apresentados conceitos sobre tingimento natural, química dos corantes, métodos de extração e teoria de adsorção em substratos têxteis, fornecendo base para a investigação.
Método: O estudo experimental inclui a extração do corante, tingimento dos tecidos e avaliação de solidez e proteção UV. Foram utilizadas folhas secas de crajiru, quitosana, ácido acético, detergente não-iônico, equipamentos de controle de temperatura e máquinas de tingimento. A coleta de dados ocorreu por observações diretas e testes laboratoriais, medindo eficiência de extração, rendimento tintorial, solidez à lavagem e proteção UV.
Resultados e Discussão: Temperaturas mais altas aumentaram a eficiência de extração do corante. O tingimento a temperaturas elevadas resultou em melhor rendimento tintorial. O pré-tratamento com quitosana aumentou significativamente a absorção do corante pelas fibras de algodão. Testes de solidez à lavagem mostraram boas propriedades de solidez. A proteção UV foi alta, especialmente em amostras pré-tratadas com quitosana. Esses resultados são discutidos à luz do referencial teórico, considerando implicações e limitações do estudo.
Implicações da Pesquisa: São discutidas implicações práticas e teóricas, como a aplicação dos resultados na moda sustentável, desenvolvimento de novos produtos têxteis e melhoria de processos de tingimento natural.
Originalidade/Valor: O estudo investiga o uso inovador de folhas de crajiru como corante, destacando a influência da temperatura e do pré-tratamento com quitosana. A originalidade está na combinação de quitosana com tingimento natural e novas descobertas sobre eficiência de extração e proteção UV, com potencial impacto na indústria têxtil sustentável
ANÁLISE DAS LÓGICAS INSTITUCIONAIS NAS POLÍTICAS ESG DAS DEZ MELHORES EMPRESAS NO RANKING DA MERCO RESPONSABILIDADE
Get PDFObjetivo: O estudo visou analisar a relação entre lógicas institucionais e práticas ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) em grandes corporações brasileiras, com foco em como essas lógicas moldaram e influenciaram a integração das práticas ESG nas estratégias empresariais.
Referencial Teórico: O referencial teórico baseou-se nas teorias de lógicas institucionais, conforme desenvolvidas por Thornton e Ocasio (1999) e Pache e Santos (2010), e na literatura sobre ESG, incluindo autores como Câmara e Morais (2022) e Dathe et al. (2022). Essas teorias foram essenciais para compreender a interação entre as lógicas de mercado, sustentabilidade e governança.
Método: A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória, analisando os relatórios corporativos das dez empresas mais bem classificadas no ranking Merco Responsabilidade ESG Brasil 2023. A análise temática foi aplicada para identificar padrões nas práticas ESG, com foco nas dimensões de Meio Ambiente, Social e Governança.
Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados indicaram uma variação na integração das práticas ESG, refletindo a coexistência e o conflito entre diferentes lógicas institucionais. A discussão contextualizou esses resultados no referencial teórico, destacando como as lógicas institucionais influenciaram a tomada de decisão estratégica nas empresas.
Implicações da Pesquisa: A pesquisa sugeriu que empresas capazes de equilibrar diferentes lógicas institucionais tinham maior resiliência e inovação. As implicações incluíram a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada ao ESG para melhorar a sustentabilidade corporativa.
Originalidade/Valor: O estudo contribuiu para a literatura ao explorar a relação entre lógicas institucionais e ESG em um contexto brasileiro, oferecendo uma perspectiva inovadora sobre como essas lógicas facilitaram ou dificultaram a adoção de práticas sustentáveis. A relevância esteve na potencial aplicação dos resultados em estratégias corporativas que buscassem alinhar sustentabilidade com competitividade.Objetivo: O estudo visou analisar a relação entre lógicas institucionais e práticas ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) em grandes corporações brasileiras, com foco em como essas lógicas moldaram e influenciaram a integração das práticas ESG nas estratégias empresariais.
Referencial Teórico: O referencial teórico baseou-se nas teorias de lógicas institucionais, conforme desenvolvidas por Thornton e Ocasio (1999) e Pache e Santos (2010), e na literatura sobre ESG, incluindo autores como Câmara e Morais (2022) e Dathe et al. (2022). Essas teorias foram essenciais para compreender a interação entre as lógicas de mercado, sustentabilidade e governança.
Método: A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória, analisando os relatórios corporativos das dez empresas mais bem classificadas no ranking Merco Responsabilidade ESG Brasil 2023. A análise temática foi aplicada para identificar padrões nas práticas ESG, com foco nas dimensões de Meio Ambiente, Social e Governança.
Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados indicaram uma variação na integração das práticas ESG, refletindo a coexistência e o conflito entre diferentes lógicas institucionais. A discussão contextualizou esses resultados no referencial teórico, destacando como as lógicas institucionais influenciaram a tomada de decisão estratégica nas empresas.
Implicações da Pesquisa: A pesquisa sugeriu que empresas capazes de equilibrar diferentes lógicas institucionais tinham maior resiliência e inovação. As implicações incluíram a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada ao ESG para melhorar a sustentabilidade corporativa.
Originalidade/Valor: O estudo contribuiu para a literatura ao explorar a relação entre lógicas institucionais e ESG em um contexto brasileiro, oferecendo uma perspectiva inovadora sobre como essas lógicas facilitaram ou dificultaram a adoção de práticas sustentáveis. A relevância esteve na potencial aplicação dos resultados em estratégias corporativas que buscassem alinhar sustentabilidade com competitividade
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INTEGRATED PRACTICES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Get PDFPurpose: This study aims to develop an integrated framework for Total Quality Management (TQM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in higher education, bridging the gap in previous research that treated them separately.
Theoretical Framework: The study acknowledges the philosophical foundations and substantial overlap between TQM and CSR. However, it highlights that previous research has not adequately integrated these two practices in the context of higher education. Therefore, the theoretical framework of this research seeks to integrate TQM and CSR within the higher education context.
Methodology: Employing a comparative approach, the study reviews the literature and develops a theoretical framework. The proposed integrated TQM-CSR practices are compared with the only one TQM-CSR framework generated by prior study.
Findings: The significant TQM-CSR practices that are expected to enhance organizational performance were identified. The proposed mediating variable was selected to be Employees’ Performance emphasizing its importance for overall organizational success.
Research Implications: This research provides practical guidance for implementing TQM-CSR practices in higher education institutions and highlights the significance of employees' performance for organizational success.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by addressing the ambiguity surrounding the integration of TQM and CSR in higher education. By developing an integrated framework and examining the mediating role of employees' performance, this research adds originality to the discourse on TQM-CSR practices in the higher education domain. The study's findings provide valuable insights for HEIs seeking to enhance their total quality and engagement with stakeholders
CROSS BORDER COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELLING PRICE LITERACY: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA–TIMOR LESTE CROSS BORDERS
Get PDFPurpose: This study aims to carry out an empowerment cross.border community to increase the understanding and ability of border economic actors to determine appropriate and competitive selling prices based on the costs incurred.
Theoretical Framework: The empowerment, training, and financial literacy theory are adapted in this article to explain cross-border residents' economic transactions.
Design/Methodology/Approaches: The method used in this study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative, which compiles and analyzes dan combines both qualitative and quantitative information.
Finding: The results of the activity show that participants' understanding and skills increased after carrying out this activity, in which they appropriately determined the selling price by first calculating the production costs.
Research Practical & Social Implication: In this study, the cross-border community realizes the benefits of financial knowledge to enhance business development and sustainability for their well-being.
Originality/Value: The findings of the research can potentially contribute to the development of business environments and policies to facilitate and enhance cross-border trade potential
Determinants of Performance of Village-Owned Enterprises in Improving Village Development Performance
Get PDFPurpose: The main objective of this paper is to analyze the factors that influence the performance of Village-owned Enterprises and village development performance in Lombok Utara Regency and Analyze the role of social capital polong renten in moderating the influence of manager competence on the performance of Village-owned Enterprisesin Lombok Utara Regency.
Theoretical Framework: Explains the context of sustainable development as development that is oriented towards meeting human needs through the wise. Competency is the ability to carry or carry out a job or task that is based on skills and knowledge and is supported by the work attitude required by the job. Village-owned Enterprises is an institution established by the village government to improve the village economy. social capital is a resource inherent in social relationships. Individuals involved in social relationships can use these social resources for personal and group interests.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is quantitative associative and this research was conducted in 43 villages in Lombok Utara Regency. With the number of samples used as many as 215 people in 43 Village-owned Enterprises. Data analysis used the SEM-PLS method.
Findings: The results of the study found the role of the government, management competence, utilization of information and communication technology, and social capital of Polong Renten have a significant positive effect both in installment and indirectly on the performance of Village-owned Enterprisesand the performance of village development.
Research, Practical & Social Implications: Polong renten's social capital significantly moderated the influence of the manager competency variable on the performance of Village-owned Enterprisesin Lombok Utara Regency. novelty in research obtained results and illustrated there is a factor of polong renten social capital, which has an influence and moderation of influence between variables that impact the performance of Village-owned Enterprisesand village development performance.
Originality/Value: In addition, it further emphasizes the moderation effect of social capital in other forms, whether it can strengthen or weaken the influence relationship between variables estimated to affect the performance of Village-owned Enterprisesand village development performance
EXPLORING EFFECTIVE METHODS TO BOOST VIRTUAL WORKERS' MORALE FOR IMPROVED PROJECT PERFORMANCE
Get PDFBackground: The continuous advancement of information technology has transformed how businesses and organizations carry out their day-to-day activities. Many people are choosing to work remotely because they are handling a significant number of human interactions through various virtual communication platforms. Remote work facilitates business growth and improves customer service, yet it presents its challenges, necessitating an investigation into virtual team morale to guarantee project success.
Method: This study employed content analysis of readily available secondary data to examine the investigated phenomenon.
Results: The study determined that the key elements for enhancing project success in virtual teams are technology adoption, an environment free from distractions, effective leadership, trust, communication, a well-defined task, active team engagement, and motivation. The study also found that morale strongly influences engagement and productivity in virtual teams. Therefore, when morale is high, virtual teams achieve their optimal performance.
Conclusion: The research concluded that selecting the suitable technology for communication, assigning virtual team members with distinct roles and responsibilities, fostering a culture of accountability and trust within virtual teams, promoting efficient team collaboration, and motivating virtual team members are the most impactful tactics for enhancing employee engagement and performance in virtual teams
THE STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, ITS IMPROVEMENT ASPECTS UNDER COVID-19 CRISIS, AND ITS IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN JORDAN (AN APPLIED STUDY ON MINING INDUSTRIES SECTOR)
Get PDFObjective: Identify the impact of the new conditions created by Covid-19 crisis on achieving sustainable environmental development by studying the environmental management system and the impact of improving energy use, improving water use, and improving the impact of emissions in Jordanian mining industrial companies in achieving sustainable environmental development as a useful framework in the post-pandemic recovery period.
Research Design & Methods: The descriptive correlational method was used where a questionnaire. The research population consisted of specialists in of safety, environment, and occupational health in the Jordanian extractive industries and mining companies. A total of (8) companies were identified, of which the two largest companies were chosen as a cluster sample for this study: Arab Potash Company with 33 employees in safety and environment, and Jordan Phosphate Mines Company with 45 employees.
Findings: The results showed from the point of view of the workers in the Jordan Phosphate Mines Company and the Arab Potash Mines that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of improving aspects of the environmental management system in light of the Covid-19 crisis in general on sustainable environmental development by (77%).
Conclusion: The results showed from the point of view of the workers in the Jordan Phosphate Mines Company and the Arab Potash Mines that the level of improvement of the environmental management system in the field of energy use, in the field of water use, and in the field of the impact of gas emissions, ranges between medium and high level, and the results showed that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of improving aspects of the environmental management system (improving energy use, improving water use, improving the impact of gas emissions) in light of the Covid-19 crisis in general on sustainable environmental development by (77%)
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FIRMS IN THE UK
Get PDFPurpose: This study examined the impact of working capital management on the financial performance of alternative energy in the UK from 2015 to 2022. The proxy used includes receivable turnover, payable turnover, inventory turnover and return on asset. The study employs an ex-post facto research design using panel data from the sampled firms' annual reports.
Methodology: The panel data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and panel regression analysis. The Hausman specification test showed that the fixed effect was more appropriate.
Findings and Conclusion: The findings show that receivable turnover has a significant positive impact on the return on assets of the alternative firm in the UK. In addition, payable turnover has a significant negative effect on return on assets, while the findings on inventory turnover have an insignificant impact on return on assets. These findings imply that working capital management significantly affects the financial performance of alternative energy firms in the UK. Based on the conclusion, the study recommends that oil and gas firms increase their net cash flow from operating activities to increase their financial performance.
Originality/Value: Globally, it is acknowledged that many companies fail due to poor working capital management. This study contributes to knowledge by examining the effect of working capital management on the financial performance of alternative energy firms in line with sustainable development goals in achieving a sustainable UK economy. This has not been previously studied
PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM MICROALGAE CULTIVATED WITH VINASSE
Get PDFPurpose: The objective of this work was to carry out the cultivation of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana with diluted vinasse, verifying its potential for remediation of nutrients and increase of its lipid fraction, to produce biodiesel according to the current regulation.
Theoretical Framework: The quest to reduce fossil fuels, which are responsible for negative environmental impacts, has boosted the demand for biofuels in recent years. Biodiesel has been gaining prominence as a promising alternative to replace petroleum derivatives since it can be produced from various raw materials, such as microalgae.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Different vinasse dilutions were studied for the cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana CTT 7727, being 5, 10 and 15% (v v-1) and N:P:K (20:5:20) 1% (v v-1) medium as a comparative standard. Biodiesel was produced by direct transesterification and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector, enabling the identification and quantification of the fatty acid profile.
Findings: The results obtained indicated that vinasse 10% (v v-1) proved to be promising for application as a culture medium for this microalgae species, as it guaranteed a good cell growth rate, high biomass productivity and lipid yield. Considering the biodiesel produced, it fits the regulatory standards analyzed by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP).
Research, Practical & Social Implications: The research demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana with diluted vinasse, highlighting the 10% concentration as promising for optimizing cell growth and lipid yield. The results ensure compliance with ANP regulations for biodiesel production, indicating immediate and sustainable applicability on an industrial scale. Socially, it contributes to the pursuit of biofuels, reducing dependence on fossil sources and promoting more sustainable practices in the bioenergy industry.
Originality/Value: The study's originality lies in the unique combination of Chlorella sorokiniana CTT 7727, diluted vinasse, and biodiesel production in accordance with ANP regulations. It stands out for identifying the optimal vinasse concentration (10%) for cultivation, presenting an economical and effective approach. The strategic value is in the use of an alternative raw material cultivated with an industrial residue, promoting the diversification of the energy matrix and mitigating environmental impacts associated with conventional fuels.Objetivo: El propósito de esta investigación fue llevar a cabo el cultivo de la microalga Chlorella sorokiniana con vinaza diluida, evaluando su potencial para la remediación de nutrientes y el aumento de su fracción lipídica, con el fin de producir biodiesel de acuerdo con la normativa vigente.
Marco teórico: La búsqueda de la reducción de los combustibles fósiles, responsables de impactos ambientales negativos, ha impulsado la demanda de biocombustibles en los últimos años. El biodiesel ha ganado relevancia como una alternativa prometedora para reemplazar los derivados del petróleo, pudiendo ser producido a partir de diversas materias primas, como las microalgas.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Se estudiaron diferentes diluciones de vinaza para el cultivo de Chlorella sorokiniana CTT 7727, siendo estas del 5%, 10% y 15% (v/v), con N:P:K (20:5:20) al 1% (v/v) como estándar comparativo. El biodiesel se produjo mediante transesterificación directa y se analizó mediante cromatografía de gas acoplada a detector de ionización de llama, permitiendo la identificación y cuantificación del perfil de ácidos grasos.
Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la vinaza al 10% (v/v) se mostró prometedora para su aplicación como medio de cultivo de esta especie de microalga, asegurando una buena tasa de crecimiento celular, una elevada productividad de biomasa y un rendimiento lipídico notable. En cuanto al biodiesel producido, este cumplió con los estándares de regulación establecidos por la Agencia Nacional de Petróleo, Gas Natural y Biocombustibles (ANP).
Investigación, implicaciones prácticas y sociales: La investigación destaca la viabilidad del cultivo de la microalga Chlorella sorokiniana con vinaza diluida, señalando la concentración del 10% como promisoria para optimizar el crecimiento celular y el rendimiento lipídico. Los resultados aseguran la conformidad con las regulaciones de la ANP para la producción de biodiesel, indicando una aplicabilidad inmediata y sostenible a nivel industrial. Desde el punto de vista social, contribuye a la búsqueda de biocombustibles, reduciendo la dependencia de fuentes fósiles y promoviendo prácticas más sostenibles en la industria bioenergética.
Originalidad/valor: La originalidad del estudio radica en la combinación única de Chlorella sorokiniana CTT 7727, vinaza diluida y producción de biodiesel en conformidad con las normativas de la ANP. Se destaca por identificar la concentración ideal de vinaza (10%) para el cultivo, presentando un enfoque económico y eficaz. El valor estratégico reside en el uso de una materia prima alternativa cultivada con un residuo industrial, fomentando la diversificación de la matriz energética y mitigando los impactos ambientales asociados a los combustibles convencionales.Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o cultivo da microalga Chlorella sorokiniana com vinhaça diluída, verificando seu potencial de remediação de nutrientes e incremento de sua fração lipídica, para produzir um biodiesel segundo a regulamentação vigente.
Referencial teórico: A busca pela diminuição de combustíveis fósseis, responsáveis por impactos ambientais negativos impulsionou a demanda por biocombustíveis nos últimos anos. O biodiesel vem ganhando destaque como alternativa promissora em substituição aos derivados do petróleo, o mesmo pode ser produzido por diversas matérias-primas, como as microalgas.
Desenho/metodologia/abordagem: Estudaram-se diferentes diluições de vinhaça para o cultivo de Chlorella sorokiniana CTT 7727, sendo 5, 10 e 15% (v v-1) e N:P:K (20:5:20) 1% (v v-1) como padrão comparativo. O biodiesel foi produzido por transesterificação direta e analisado por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a detector de ionização de chama, possibilitando a identificação e quantificação do perfil de ácidos graxos.
Resultados: Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a vinhaça 10% (v v-1) mostrou-se promissora para aplicação como meio de cultivo desta espécie de microalga, pois garantiu uma boa taxa de crescimento celular, elevada produtividade de biomassa e rendimento lipídico. Considerando o biodiesel produzido, o mesmo enquadra-se nos padrões de regulamentação analisados dispostos pela Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP).
Pesquisa, implicações práticas e sociais: A pesquisa evidencia a viabilidade do cultivo da microalga Chlorella sorokiniana com vinhaça diluída, destacando a concentração de 10% como promissora para otimização do crescimento celular e rendimento lipídico. Os resultados asseguram conformidade com as regulamentações da ANP para produção de biodiesel, indicando aplicabilidade imediata e sustentável em escala industrial. Socialmente, contribui para a busca por biocombustíveis, reduzindo a dependência de fontes fósseis e promovendo práticas mais sustentáveis na indústria bioenergética.
Originalidade/valor: A originalidade do estudo reside na combinação única da Chlorella sorokiniana CTT 7727, vinhaça diluída e produção de biodiesel em conformidade com normativas da ANP. Destaca-se pela identificação da concentração ideal de vinhaça (10%) para cultivo, apresentando uma abordagem econômica e eficaz. O valor estratégico está na utilização de uma matéria-prima alternativa cultivada com um resíduo industrial, promovendo a diversificação da matriz energética e mitigando impactos ambientais associados aos combustíveis convencionais
INFLUENCE OF RECORD KEEPING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR AREA OF OPERATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Get PDFObjective: The target of this paper is to look into how record keeping affects the performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in the context of their place of operation.
Theoretical Framework: After going through the literature, it is identified that not a single study has been done in the research area of this paper.
Method: In this study, a simple survey was conducted among 268 MSEs functioning in Karimganj District of Assam. Multiple regression analysis with SPSS 21 was used to analyse the data.
Results and Discussion: Result of the analysis shows that female participation is poor in the study area and there is a positive correlation with R2 = 0.460 implying that record keeping Practices in the context of their area of operation is 46% responsible for explaining the dependent variable i.e., Performance of MSEs.
Research Implications: The study suggests that maintaining proper records can significantly improve the performance of MSEs. Furthermore, the adoption of computerized accounting systems can provide a more efficient and accurate means of record keeping, which can lead to improved financial performance.
Originality/Value: The study revealed that the majority of micro and small businesses failed to keep accurate records of their commercial dealings. However, those enterprises that kept proper records had a better understanding of their business operations and could make more informed decisions