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Variation of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) genotypes for water stress, adaptability and yield performance in Kagera Region, North – Western, Tanzania
No full textM.Sc. DissertationCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important crop for the livelihoods of
smallholder farmers in Tanzania; it is the most produced pulse by small-scale farmers for
household consumption and earning income after selling surplus. Common beans are
intercropped with maize or with permanent crops such as banana or coffee and some few
farmers grow it as a sole crop. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of
water stress on seed yield of common bean under controlled environment; and determine
the performance and adaptability of 16 genotypes at different agro-ecological
environments in Kagera Region. Two experiments were conducted during the study; one
was done in the screen-house and the other one was the field experiment. The screen
house study on yield response to water regime revealed that genotypes DAB 582, SRC 59,
IBWERA, DAB 602, SSIN 1240, Lyamungu 90, SMC 24, SMR 101, DAB 362 and
JESCA were drought tolerant with lower and high value of the Drought Susceptibility
Index (DSI) and Yield Stability Index (YSI) respectively. The analysis of variance of the
Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model indicated that
environments accounted for 56.9% of the total sum of square; genotypes effect explained
9.2% and the G x E interaction effect accounted 8.9% of the total sum of squares.
According the results, the GGE biplot revealed that, the genotypes SSIN 1240, SAB 659
and DAB 219, SMR 101, SMC 162 and DAB 602 showed greater stability with the
average closer to the overall average of the tested genotypes. Therefore, genotypes SMC
162, DAB 602, SSIN 1128, DAB 362 and SMR 101 were identified and recommended to
be used in future breeding program as moisture stress tolerant, good seed yield and widely
adapted in Kagera Region and similar agro ecologies
Land evaluation and suitability assessment for crops produced in Butuguri area, Butiama district in Mara region, Tanzania
No full textLand evaluation was conducted in Butuguri area, Butiama District, Mara Region to assess
land’s suitability for cassava, maize and sorghum production. After reviewing literature
and discussing with farmers and extension officers, five criteria for growing crops were
selected which are: soil physical properties, soil chemical fertility, rainfall, temperature
and topography. The Analytical Hierarchical Process was used to assign relative
importance weights to the chosen criteria. Spatial information regarding the selected
criteria were generated. Soil information was obtained by combining transects and free
soil surveys after the preparation and confirmation of the base map. Climatic data were
obtained from WorldClim and topographic data using Digital Elevation Map image
(DEM). Seven soil units were mapped in Geographical Information System (GIS) after
field and laboratory works. Soils were classified to four USDA soil orders: Inceptisols,
Entisols, Alfisols and Mollisols. They were further classified to seven subgroups: Entic
Haplustolls, Oxyaquic Haplustepts, Typic Kandiustalfs, Humic Dystrustepts, Typic
Dystrustepts, Typic Ustipsamments and Vermic Ustorthents. In World Reference Base
(WRB), soils were grouped into five Reference Soil Groups: Chernozems, Cambisols,
Umburisols, Leptosols and Regosols and further classified into seven groups: Fractic
Chernic Phaeozems (Colluvic, Novic), Ferralic Dolomitic Cambisols (Arenic, Aric),
Cambic Acric Umbrisol (Arenic, Pachic), Skeletic Andic Cambisol (Aric, Ferric), Andic,
Fragic Cambisol (Alcalic, Arenic), Gleyic Technic Leptosol (Arenic, Aric) and Brunic,
Leptic Regosol (Arenic, Aric). Climate spatial information showed that the area has
average temperature ranging between 21.1 o C and 22.2 o C, and annual rainfall ranging
between 930 and 1160 mm. Topography spatial data showed the level, sloping to
mountainous lands. The assigned weights indicated that soil’s physical and chemical
fertility were the most important attributes for growing cassava and sorghum, while
rainfall was the most important factor for growing maize. The resulting suitability maps
established indicated that soil physical and chemical properties were the most limiting for
production of the three crops, although rainfall, temperature and topography were the least
limiting.Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of
Agriculture and Technology (MJNUAT
Ecological and Epidemiological Findings Associated with Zoonotic Rabies Outbreaks and Control in Moshi, Tanzania, 2017–2018
No full textInternational Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019; 16(2816)Approximately 1500 people die annually due to rabies in the United Republic of Tanzania.
Moshi, in the Kilimanjaro Region, reported sporadic cases of human rabies between 2017 and 2018. In response and following a One Health approach, we implemented surveillance, monitoring, as well as a mass vaccinations of domestic pets concurrently in >150 villages, achieving a 74.5% vaccination coverage (n = 29, 885 dogs and cats) by September 2018. As of April 2019, no single human or animal case has been recorded. We have observed a disparity between awareness and knowledge levels of community members on rabies epidemiology. Self-adherence to protective rabies vaccination in
animals was poor due to the challenges of costs and distances to vaccination centers, among others. Incidence of dog bites was high and only a fraction (65%) of dog bite victims (humans) received post-exposure prophylaxis. A high proportion of unvaccinated dogs and cats and the relative intense interactions with wild dog species at interfaces were the risk factors for seropositivity to rabies virus infection in dogs. A percentage of the previously vaccinated dogs remained unimmunized and some unvaccinated dogs were seropositive. Evidence of community engagement and multi-coordinated implementation of One Health in Moshi serves as an example of best practice in tackling zoonotic diseases using multi-level government e orts. The district-level establishment of the One Health rapid response team (OHRRT), implementation of a carefully structured routine vaccination campaign, improved health education, and the implementation of barriers between domestic animals and wildlife at the interfaces are necessary to reduce the burden of rabies in Moshi and communities with similar profiles
The Influence of Social Competence on the Types of Entrepreneurial Networks Formed by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Empirical Evidence From Tanzania's Manufacturing SMEs
No full textJournal of Business Studies and Economics (JBSE), 2019; 1(1): 48-69This study examined the influence of five dimensions of social competence namely social perception, social adaptability, social expressiveness, impression management, and persuasiveness on the types of entrepreneurial networks formed by SMEs. Types of entrepreneurial networks are social networks, business networks, and supporting networks. To achieve this objective the study adopted a cross-sectional study design where by data were collected from manufacturing SMEs in Tanzania in four types of sub-sectors viz food processing, woodwork, ironwork, and textile. 250 SMEs were selected through stratified random sampling procedure. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data in a survey from owner- managers of these SMEs. Statistical analysis included factor and Poisson regression model. The study findings identify and indicate that a number of social competence dimensions have a significant influence on networks formation. These findings suggest that social competence is influential in determining the type and size of entrepreneurial networks formed by SMEs
Studies on biological control of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) attacking maize in Eastern Central, Tanzania
No full textM.Sc. DissertationFall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) was reported for the first
time in Africa in 2016 from America. FAW is widely distributed in Tanzania, causing
significant damage to maize. Two factor, cropping systems and biopesticides were tested
in Randomized Completely Block Design arranged in a two - way factorial experiment
with three replications for their efficacy against FAW and associated parasitoids on maize
field at Crop Museum of Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA). Cropping systems
tested included maize sole crop, maize + cowpea, and maize + desmodium and napier
grass (push pull system). Biopesticides tested included Metarhizium anisopliae and
Beauveria bassiana. The insecticide flubendamide was applied as a positive control,
between August 2018 - December 2018 and December 2018 - March 2019 cropping
seasons. In the laboratory sampled FAW egg masses and larvae were reared, emerged
parasitoids were recorded. Three species of parasitoids (Chelonus bifoveolatus,
Coccygidium luteum and Cotesia sp) were recovered. Results showed that C. bifoveolatus
was mostly dominant parasitoids. However, highest parasitism rates were in Cotesia sp in
push pull plots treated with M. anisapliae in season 1 and 2 (13.7% ± 0.14 and 14.5% ±
0.17 ) respectively. Abundance of parasitoids was significantly affected by cropping
systems (p ˂ 0.01) and sampling weeks (p ˂ 0.001 for season 1 and p ˂ 0.01 for season 2)
and percept damaged maize plants by FAW was significantly affected by cropping
systems (p ˂ 0.001) pesticides (p ˂ 0.001) and cropping systems x pesticides application
(p ˂ 0.01). Furthermore, highest maize grain yields and cost benefit ratio were estimated
in push pull and cowpea + maize cropping systems compared to sole maize. These results
prove that, biological control are effective and involves conservation of natural enemies
for sustainable control of FAW
Assessment of factors influencing the use of ICTs in accessing market information among smallholder rice farmers in Kilombero District, Tanzania
No full textM.Sc. DissertationInformation and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in agriculture have the potential to
facilitate greater access to market information and it can connect the rural poor farmers
with well-established markets. The aim of this study was to assess the factors influencing
the use of Information and Communication Technologies in accessing market information
among smallholder farmers in Kilombero District. A cross-sectional research design was
used and data were collected using structured questionnaire, where 120 respondents were
interviewed. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results
reveled that middlemen and traders were the most reliable source of market information
(43.3%) and middlemen are the one who buy the produce from the farmers (79.2%). Also
the findings indicate that 83.3% of the farmers have access to ICTs sources of information
while mobile phone being the source that is mostly accessed (50.7%). The cross tabulation
results (Chi-square test) found that, there was a positive significant (P≤0.05) effect
between access to ICTs sources of information and marital status, sex and income level.
Among all farmers who have access to ICTs source of information, the study found that
only 45% are using the technology in accessing market information where awareness and
poor access and networks being the most challenge among others. The results of the logit
model indicate that sex of the farmers, education level, farmer’s income level, awareness
of the farmers about ICT’s sources of information and access to ICT’s sources of
information are positively significant (P≤0.05) factors influencing the farmers to use ICTs
at 5% significant level. From these findings it is concluded that the mobile phone is the
most ICT’s source of information that is used in rural areas, also most of the smallholder
farmers in Kilombero are not aware of the ICT’s benefits in accessing market information.
Therefore, the government and other agricultural stakeholders should find a way that farmers will be trained and being informed on the new technologies that could help them
accessing market information, promote the availability of reliable power source and
opening up new market. Also Network operators should increase their services in rural
areas with strong signal
Multi-criteria land evaluation for rice production using GIS and analytic hierarchy process in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania
No full textTanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2019, Vol. 18(2): pp 88-98A GIS-based multi-criteria land evaluation (MCE) was performed in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania to avail decision makers and farmers with evidence based decision support tool for improved and sustainable rice production. Kilombero valley has been identified by the government and investors for rice production intensification. Five most important criteria for rice production in the area were identified through literature search and discussion with local agronomists and lead farmers. The identified criteria were 1) soil properties, 2) surface water resources, 3) accessibility, 4) distance to markets, and 5) topography. Surveys, on-screen digitizations, reclassifications and overlays in GIS software were used to create spatial layers of the identified criteria. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to score the criteria using local extension staff and lead farmers as domain experts on a scale of 0.0 – 1.0. Surface water resource scored the highest weight (0.462) followed by soil chemical properties (0.234). Other criteria and their weight in paranthesis are soil physical properties (0.19), topography (0.052), accessibility (0.036), and distance to market (0.025). The MCE results showed that about 8% of the study area was classified as having low suitability for rice production while only 2% was highly suitable. The majority of the area (about 89%) was classified as having medium suitability for rice production. Since the suitability decision was dominated by the surface water resource criterion, the rice suitability in the study area can be greatly improved by improving the water resources management
Analysis of geospatial data of Morogoro Urban: lessons for educationists and researchers
No full textConference Proceedings: The 1 st International Conference on Innovative Education and Policy Reforms for Industrial Economy in Africa, pg 630-649There has been a growing need of scientists to utilize geospatial data in a variety of
fields of study due to the advancement of ICT as a tool for both gathering and
analyzing geospatial data. As Geographic Information System (GIS) gains
momentum, the use of geospatial data becomes prominent in education especially
in subjects that deal with place and space processes such as geography.
Unfortunately in developing countries propagation of GIS in education is of low
pace partly because of less utilization of ICT and ICT based technologies in
teaching and learning. In order to address the problem of underutilization of
geospatial data in education teachers‘ knowledge, skills and motivation for using
GIS data needs to be reinforced. This paper shows why the use of geospatial data
in geography is necessary. It shows how teachers and students in schools can be
both supported and motivated to use geospatial data with reference to analysis of
information based on satellite images of Morogoro urban district. The paper shows
the way these geospatial data can be used to address various questions raised for
each topic in geography at advanced level secondary school. The discussion part
shades light on the path that needs to be followed by policy makers to mobilize
efforts of educationists and other experts in geography, mathematics, statistics and
ICT based disciplines. The efforts should focus on gathering and analyzing more of
GIS data and also simplify their accessibility by classroom teachers so that they
can improve their classroom practice and outdoor learning avenues. The foreseen
challenges and the role of individual stakeholders to advance the uses of GIS data
in education are also highlighted
Development of extruded instant mixed mushroom soup
No full textM.Sc. DissertationA study was conducted to develop extruded instant mixed mushroom soup supplemented
with banana, soybean and orange fleshed sweet potatoes. The nutritional qualities,
physical properties, sensory acceptability and the shelf life of the developed product were
evaluated. Proximate compositions were determined to evaluate the potential of the
product to supply energy and required nutrients. Moisture, ash, protein, fiber, ether
extract, carbohydrate and energy content ranged from 4.41% to 9.61%, 2.91% to 3.81%,
and 34.46% to 35.45%, 2.10% to 2.35%, 18.14% to 19.16%, 30.02% to 36.46%, and
432.72 to 444.31 kcal/100 g, respectively. The colour values were significantly different
between all samples, angle of repose was 41.39 to 50.19o and viscosity was 15-29mPa.s.
Results indicated that as the amount of soybean flour increased, the appearance of the
instant mixed mushroom soup changed favorably in terms of colour, angle of repose and
viscosity. The formulations were good in sensory quality and were highly acceptable
with sample C being the most acceptable, followed by sample A. Sample B was the least
acceptable by consumers. Formulation C composed of Mushroom (8%), Banana (17%),
Soybean (70%) and OFSP (5%), provide 444.31kcal/100g energy and 34.46% protein
was nutritionally superior and sufficient to meet day-to-day nutritional requirements as a
food supplement. The study indicated that instant mixed mushroom soup can be safely
stored for less than one month after being opened. Preparation of this instant mixed
mushroom soup is so easy that it can be termed as convenient healthy mixed soup
The role of savings and internal lending communities in women’s economic empowerment: a case of Morogoro municipality, Tanzania
No full textDissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in project management and evaluation of sokoine university of agriculture. Morogoro, tanzaniaThe empowerment of women has been associated with development of economies around the world. This study aimed at assessing the contribution of SILC in improving women economic status. The study was conducted in Morogoro Municipal and adopted a cross-sectional research design. Questionnaire was administered to 100 respondents to collect quantitative data while qualitative data were collected from 8-10 FGD participants both men and women. Women’s economic empowerment index scales was developed using five indices to gauge the level of women’s economic empowerment in different spheres; cumulative empowerment index was computed to gauge the overall women economic empowerment. An ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the effect/contribution of SILC to women economic empowerment. It was found that half of the respondents (50%) attained medium level of empowerment. The study concludes that SILC has a great potential to empower women economically. Additionally, the level of empowerment was relatively high in the sphere of economic contribution and control over savings and income. In addition, duration in SILC, involvement in IGAs and education were good predictors of women’s economic empowerment (P<0.005). Thus, it is concluded that, SILC has a great potential to empower women economically. Therefore, it is recommended that stakeholders and NGOs should encourage women to join SIL