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Mapping: A Speculative and Creative Design Tool
Get PDFMapping is a technique used to record and represent information graphically. In the studios made forarchitecture and landscape architecture, mapping is usually conducted at the Inventory-making and Analysis stage. Data from the site is gathered and documented for further investigation. However, mapping can also become a creative tool to ‘reveal’ certain things or invisible processes. It can encourage the designers to speculate the site and the design from different perspectives and at multiple scales. This paper discusses some mapping projects that have been explored by the authors through their research projects. The aim of this paper is to recommend mapping as a creative and speculative design tool that can make data more engaging to design thinking
Simulation in Architectural Research
Get PDFIn the new world of architectural research, technology has a main role to play. It is technology that has made possible the creation of a virtual world that triggers inferences and helps in drawing conclusions from facts and findings. This paper focuses on one of the research processes, i.e., ‘Architectural Simulation Research,’ which is often more analytical, pragmatic and adaptable in the forthcoming generation of architectural research. Architectural Simulation can be classified into drawings, photographs and different scale-models. This research can be executed in many ways on lines similar to the conventional ‘Logical Argumentation,’ ‘Experimental Research’ and, ‘Qualitative Research’. The paper also focuses on the tactical part of different categories of simulation research which deal with the characteristics of simulation types
Issues in Indian Cities Due to Increasing Coverage of Highways: A Case Study of The Sriperumpudur – Poonamalle Stretch in NH4
Get PDFIn 1947, during the year of independence, India’s national highway network was approximately 23,000 km. In 1997, national highways had a total length of 34,298 km. As of July 2013 India has multiplied thrice the distance covered by national highways (NH) connecting all the major cities and state capitals. By end of 2017, it is planned that the national highway network should be at 85000 km (12th Five Year Plan, 2012-17).
Though it is an improvement in the infrastructure, we have to agree that there are many cons in the process. The highways have brought concentric expansion and appearance of sub-centers all along major road intersections. The land-use changes caused by these highways have converted the metropolises to megalopolises, hamlets emerging to bigger cities. The highways are aimed to provide better transport and to link one place to another in a fast mode. “You can start with land use, or you can start with transportation; in either case, the basic feedback leads inevitably to a hierarchy of central places and transportation links connecting them” [Moore and Thorsnes, 1994]. Land-use being the first to impact cities, eventually causes impacts on natural resources and also communities, livelihood, health, safety, etc. The progression of the urban landscape can be considered from a hybrid perception where diverse paradigms were focused in different periods. It is the need of the hour to integrate all the essential paradigms.
This paper provides an overview of the issues and challenges caused by development of highways in India. Rather than covering every aspect of highways, it primarily focuses on those areas that are important from the users’ point of view. The paper first reviews the changes in Indian cities due to increasing coverage of highways, followed by a discussion on issues such as Land use split, settlement isolation, identity loss, to mention a few. Building on this background, the paper proposes further researches for the betterment of life in cities affected by Highways
Appropriating the Public Realm: Overlapping Placemaking Practices in Avenues and Roundabouts of Chandigarh
Get PDFThe paper characterises the persisting interplay between two worlds: the heroic of modern planners; and the prosaic of the poor city practitioners that revolves around their everyday life. It is about conlicting and dual(istic) placemaking practices: irst, that are motivated professionally, normatively, politically and are instutionalised (formal); second, the self-initiated of the marginal migrants seeking ‘right to the city’. The engagement between the two varies across places and times. Observations on Chandigarh’s avenues, afterthought roundabouts and migrants’ insertions in them and the accounts of the actors were acquired by the author between June 2006 and February 2007. They uncovered the techniques and tactics that the migrants deployed to sustain their objectionable commercial ventures in the city’s abovementioned forbidden territories
Sacralizing the City: The Begums of Bhopal and their Mosques
Get PDFPrincely building ventures in post 1857 colonial India included, among others, construction of religious buildings, even as their patrons enthusiastically pursued the colonial modernist agenda. This paper examines the architectural patronage of the Bhopal Begums, the women rulers of Bhopal State, who raised three grand mosques in their capital, Bhopal, in the 19th and early 20th century. As Bhopal marched on the road to progress under the Begums’ patronage, the mosques heralded the presence of Islam in the city in the post uprising scenario where both Muslims and mosques were subjected to retribution for fomenting the 1857 insurrection. Bhopal’s mosques were not only sacred sites for the devout but also impacted the public realm of the city. Their construction drew significantly on the Mughal architectural archetype, thus affording the Begums an opportunity to assert themselves, via their mosques, as legitimate inheritors of the Mughal legacy, including taking charge of the latter’s legacy of stewardship of Iam. Today, the Bhopal mosques constitute an integral part of the city’s built heritage corpus. It is worth underscoring that they are not only important symbols of the Muslim faith but also markers of their patrons’ endeavour to position themselves at the forefront in the complex political and cultural scenario of post uprising colonial India.
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Analysing the Urban Quality of Upper Bazaar: A Key Public Realm in Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Get PDFThis paper presents the qualitative analysis of ‘Upper Bazaar’, a key public realm of Hamirpur, a small hill town in the state Himachal Pradesh, India. The analysis is based on primary visual surveys, which were undertaken to determine the present-day building and land-use distribution, condition of the building stock, condition of open / un-built spaces, type and quality of open spaces, presence / absence of trees and, the temporal activity pattern of the chosen study area. A questionnaire-based, random survey was also conducted to get the users’ feedback on their experiences of the public realm as well as to know their aspirations from the place. The study reveals that the success of ‘Upper Bazaar’ depends solely on its vivid and varied activity patterns, while it lacks appropriate physical conveniences and visual appeal. The study brought into focus the urgent need for preparing suitable urban design guidelines and development controls, taking into consideration the aspirations, need andpriorities of all sakeholders, so as to ensure its long term vitality, viability and vibrancy
Dharavi’s Public Space: The Construction Site
Get PDFThe view of Dharavi as a dreadful slum in Mumbai has been a challenge for government planners, who were charged with designing for other people’s lives without any knowledge of their necessities and their quality of living. The process of designing housing under this model involved construction, which set as a testing point, Dharavi’s public space. Such construction had clear starting and ending points. However, the true nature of Dharavi’s construction on its public space goes far beyond these practices: The construction site is itself the end result; the stage upon which the slum was gradually transforming its purpose and form, driven by foreigners, NonGovernmental Organizations (NGOs), and its residents. The present paper explores Dharavi’s public space as a construction site from both the perspective of government oficials, and from the perspective of a particular NGO in Mumbai, the team of ‘URBZ’. As the government views it, this site embodies the slum-free vision that satisies a desire for change: a vis on that is encapsulated within the concrete walls of one more building. On the other hand, the slightest familiarity of the team of URBZ with Dharavi’s streets and alleys, its residents, and their activities gives an entirely different picture, in which the public space emerges as a huge construction site of hopes and possibilities. Construction, in this sense, is a work in progress originating not only from residents, but also from NGOs.The key question here is how this work could serve as a means of successfully bringing about positive change in a variety of domains. The conclusions of this paper, thus, conirm the signiicant role of the local NGOs in representing powerful mechanisms for motivating residential participation in positive change and thus, the key contribution lies in uncovering the creative and innovative possibilities grounded in various experiences on the public space of a slum
Re-Planning ‘Planned’ Public Spaces: The Neigbourhood Market of Sector 15 in Chandigarh
Get PDFFrom the Greek Agora till today, market places have always been an important component of a city’s public realm. These are the community’s ‘open-air living rooms’ which, while contributing to the city’s economic growth, are platforms for unhindered social and cultural public interaction, and, even serve to encourage upward mobility in society. However, concepts of the public space in planned cities, especially the utopian productions of the 20th Century, are more focused on the physical and visual aspects of public space, and activity patterns regulated by the designer’s vision of ideal societal behavior. Time, on the other hand, has shown that most of such planned spaces have performed differently, transforming in response to market forces and users’ predilections, thus highlighting the indispensable need for inclusiveness in urban design. Chandigarh, India’s iconic 20th century planned city, is no exception. While many elements of the original plan had proved to be fairly robust till recently, one of the first ones to defy and demolish the planners’ perceptions was the ‘Neighbourhood Market’. Over the years, the cumulative effect of several ‘unplanned’ (and, thus, unforeseen) user groups, activities, societal and technological advancements has transformed each of the markets in distinctive manners. Today, the challenge of accommodating various socio-cultural and economic groups, creating inviting and safe public spaces, satisfying the highend retailer, and supporting small-scale, informal commerce, while adhering to the “Chandigarh Edict”, continues to confront planners and administrators. Clearly, some critical re-thinking is in order. This paper is based on an academic exercise undertaken by the author in 2011. Taking the particular case of ‘Sector 15’, the objective was to understand the nature and causes of various transformations of the neighbourhood markets of Chandigarh, and, to explore pragmatic design possibilities of creating a stimulating and comfortable urban centre which, while respecting the inten, spirit and framework of the original urban concept, would give due credence to the present-day needs of its multiple sets of stakeholders.
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The Physicality and Spirituality of the Hindu Temples of Kerala
Get PDFEvery culture can stir a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes. History has proved that the various architectural styles have developed in response to climate, lifestyle, geology and geography of a place, religious philosophy of the people and availability of building materials. Religion and lifestyle seem to be the most common influences overall. Culture, in fact, underlines the important role that economics, politics, religion, heritage and the natural environment play in shaping the built environment. Kerala (the southern-most state of India), the land of temples appears unique in this context as the temples here were the pivot of religious, social, economic and cultural life of every Keralite. The typical Hindu temples of Kerala stand out from among the Indian temple typology in its form, structural clarity, stylistic tradition, symbolism and above all, in its construction and craftsmanship in wood. They show a distinctive style which is a local adaptation of the Dravida or the South Indian tradition of temple construction, considerably influenced by the various geographical, religious, cultural and political factors. Most of the temples of Kerala are traditionally neighborhood institutions of worship, rich in both tangible and intangible cultural values. The spatiality of Kerala temples follows the general Indian philosophical concepts of the centre, axis and the human relatedness to cosmic reality, while its implementation in the built form follows the Vedic religious practices. This paper attempts to explore the evolution of the generic built form of temples of Kerala and the philosophical and spatial concepts of their architecture
Sacred Buildings and Brain Performance: The Effect of Sultan Hasan Mosque on Brain Waves of its Users
Get PDFA sacred building is defined as a comfortable place that holds certain qualities similar to those originated from nature in harmony with its surroundings. The sacredness quality, though, usually pertains to Religious Buildings that allow for human comfort and a unique state of mind. This paper investigates the effect of sacred buildings on human brain. It concentrates on measurements of brain waves during the presence of the user at certain Paths (coordinates) in these buildings. The variation and intensity of these measurements indicate the effect of “sacredness” as a quality on the user along his/ her journey through the building. This could be used in architecture as evidence of the presence of the sacred quality; and to study the intensity of the positive effect of these buildings. This process is based on a scientific experiment to determine whether or not buildings affect the brain wave frequencies of users, and, measures these effects in terms of Brain Wave Frequency Charts through EEG Devices