Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management
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Development and Optimization of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Losartan Potassium Using Natural Gum Mucilage
Get PDFCurrent research work involves preparation of fast dissolving tablets of Losartan Potassium by direct compression method using different concentrations of Plantago ovata and Lepidium sativum mucilage as natural superdisintegrants. A two factor three level (32) factorial design is being used to optimize the formulation. Nine formulation batches (A1-A9) were prepared by taking two factors as independent variables (X1- amount of Plantago ovata mucilage and X2- amount of Lepidium sativum mucilage)were taken with three levels (+1, 0, -1). All the active blends were evaluated for precompression parameters (angle of repose, bulk density, carr’s index, hausner’s ratio) and formulated tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters (hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, disintegration time, water absorption ratio). In vitro drug release studies were carried out using USP II dissolution apparatus for 30 min. The software Design Expert (8.0.7.1) was used for generating experimental design, modeling the response surface and calculating the statistical evaluation. Tablet parametric tests of formulation batches (A1-A9) of FDT were found within prescribed limits.DT was observed in the range from 12±2 to 58.7±2.52 sec and WT from 10.3±1.52 to 49.7±5.13 sec for formulation batches (A1-A9). More than 87% drug release was observed in all formulation batches (A1-A9) within 15 minutes. Polynomial mathematical models, generated for various response variables using multiple linear regression analysis, were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Formulation A7 was selected by the design expert software which exhibited DT (22.15sec), WT (17.31sec) and in vitrodrug release (100%) within 15 minutes
Association of ABO Blood Groups with Cardiovascular Diseases in Adult Indian Population
Get PDFThis study was designed to investigate whether there was an association between ABO blood groups and major cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart diseases) in adult Indian population. The present retrospective study analyzed ABO blood groups among 1527 patients with documented IHD, who were treated at CIMS Hospital in Ahmedabad city from January to December, 2011 comparing with a control group of 860 subjects. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 6.0 and by using chi square test. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered as +statistically significant. No significant difference in distribution of ABO blood groups was seen in patients with IHD (A, 21.95%; B, 35.41%; AB, 8.61%; O, 34.01%) and also after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors such as age, gender, addiction history, obesity, hypertension, diabetes in these patients (A, 25.47%; B, 37.53%; AB, 9.04%; O, 27.94%) as compared to the controls (A, 22.32%; B, 35.58%; AB, 8.83%; O, 33.25%), p-value = 0.9916 and 0.2778 respectively. The findings of the study suggest that there seems to be no correlation between various ABO blood groups and development of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the prevalence of major risk factors was equal in patients with different blood groups and blood groups had no impact on development of cardiovascular pathogenesis in individual subjects
Modified Excipients in Novel Drug Delivery: Need of the Day
Get PDFDrug products not only contain “actives” that confer the intended therapeutic benefits such as pain relief or act on particular part of the body, but contain other materials that are also “functional” with respect to the drug product. These are known as excipients and specific functionality which they confer to a particular product is independentupon the process used to add the excipient to the formulation and its exact location within the final dosage form. Introduction of novel drug delivery systems and new drugmoieties lead to the need for new excipients with varied characteristics. Development of new excipient entities and their evaluation is a costly procedure; modificationof existing excipients is very easy, more economical and less time consuming. The development of excipients that are capable of fulfilling multifunctional roles such asenhancing drug bioavailability and drug stability as well as controlling the release of the drug according to the therapeutic needs is one of the most important prerequisitesfor further progress in the design of novel drug delivery systems. The main focus
of this article is on synthetic novel excipients that perform multiple functions inpharmaceutical formulations
Preparation and Characterization of Phytosomal-Phospholipid Complex of P. Amarus and its Tablet Formulation
Get PDFPresent investigation was aimed at formulation, characterization and evaluation of phytosomal complex tablets for sustained delivery of Phyllanthus amarus complex. Phyllanthin, one of the active lignin present in this plant species was isolated from the aerial parts, by silica gel column chromatography employing gradient elution with hexane −ethyl acetate solvent mixture. It was obtained in high yields (1.23%), compared to reported procedures and the purity was ascertained by HPTLC analysis. Phyllanthin was characterized for M.P, UV −Visible spectrophotometry, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C and NMR analysis. Release kinetics was evaluated by using United States Pharmacopeia (USP)-22 type I dissolution apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the effect of dissolution medium on matrix tablet surface. HPTLC was carried out for quantitative and qualitative estimation of Phyllanthin in Phyllanthus amarus and Rf of phyllanthin was found to be about 0.25. The content was found to be maximum for phytosomal complex of phyllanthus formed by vaccum drying of 1:1 drug excipient ratio. The in-vitro drug release study revealed that optimized formulation sustained the drug release for 12 hr (88.1% ± 4.1% release). Fitting the in vitro drug release data to Korsmeyer equation indicated that diffusion along with erosion could be the mechanism of drug release
Analytical Method Development and Validation for Assay of Rufinamide Drug
Get PDFA simple, rapid, sensitive, cost effective, and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the stability testing of rufinamide. The proposed RP-HPLC method was developed on phenome-nex LunaR C-18 5μm,250 mm × 4.6 mm id. Column (at ambient temperature) and a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer: acetonitrile (60:40) was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0ml/ min. The analyte was detected by using a UV detector at the wavelength of 293 nm. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 50- 150 μgml-1 (r2=0.999). 30. The retention time of rufinamide was 4.717 min.
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In Vitro Anti-Staphylococcal Activity of Alkaloids from the Leaves of Callestimone Rigidus R.Br
Get PDFMultidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus poses a severe global threat worldwide due to their prevalence, genomic plasticity and limited therapeutic options being refractory to most antibiotic classes. This necessitates the discovery of new anti-staphylococcal interventions. Callistemon rigidus R.Br. (Myrtaceae) has been found to possess antibacterial potential against clinical isolates. Thied me study was a isolate and evaluate the antibacterial alkaloids from the leaves of Callistemon rigidus and assess their in vitro anti-staphylococcal potential. Alkaloid isolation was carried out by modiied method for plant alkaloid extraction. The in vitro anti-staphylococcal potential of the alkaloid bioactive fraction was assessed by using micro broth dilution and plate count assay methods. Pus and wound isolates had MIC of 80 µg/mL and 50 IC of 27.22 µg/mL respectively. Burn isolates showed MIC of 320 µg/mL and 50 50 13.57 µg/mL respectively. Urine and vaginal isolates exhibited a MIC of 80 µg/mL 50 and IC of 13.15 µg/mL respectively. Ceixime had MIC values was 320 µg/mL, 160 50 50 µg/mL and 160 µg/mL for pus and wound, burn, urine and vaginal isolates indicating the refractory behaviour when compared to alkaloid bioactive fraction from the leaves of Callistemon. The alkaloid bioactive fraction exhibits immense activity compared to standard antibiotic Ceixime. This work is the irst report of alkaloids and their antimicrobial activity from Callistemon rigidus leaves. The results suggest further isolation of individual alkaloids from alkaloid bioactive fraction and assessment their anti-staphylococcal activity as leads for development of anti-staphylococcal drugs
Cytoprotective Activity of Adhatoda Vasica Extract and Vasicine Against Tobacco Smoke Induced Cytoxicity
Get PDFThe present study was undertaken to investigate the protection against cytotoxicity due to tobacco smoke by Adhatoda vasica and Vasicine. The antioxidant potential of AVE was analyzed through in vitro assays. The protective effect of Adhatoda vasica extract (AVE) and vasicine were analyzed in TSE treated group through MTT assay and microscopic analysis.A dose dependent increase in reducing power of AVE was observed. Treatment of A549 & THP-1 cell lines with 1-2 µg/ml (AVE) & 0.01-0.02 µg/ml (Vasicine) respectively for 3 hrs maintained the cell viability. Approximately 50% cell death was observed at 2% & 5% TSE on 24 hrs exposure. Pre-treatment of cell lines with AVE & Vasicine (2µg/ml & 0.02 µg/ml) respectively could overcome the toxic effect of TSE. This study showed that AVE has a great potential in reducing the toxic effects of A549 &THP-1 cell lines
Investigation of the Effects of Cellulose Derivatives on the Kinetics of Drug Release from Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Using a Response Surface Method
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the nature and concentration of cellulose derivatives on the release kinetics of ibuprofen from hydrogel matrices using a response surface method (RSM). A series of cellulose derivatives, as methyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxypropyl methyl celluloses (MC, HEC, HPC and HPMC) were used as polymer platforms and their impacts on drug release were studied and compared to those obtained with a reference formulation prepared with HEC. It was shown that the use of HPMC in the gel formulation contributes to the improvement of drug release and consequently its biodisponibility. Indeed, the increase in HPMC concentration forms a controlled system release because polymer chains relaxation. The drug is released under the effects of two phenomena: diffusion and relaxation of polymeric chains. Thus, the kinetic release passes from the kinetics of case II towards Fickian diffusion
Assessment of Suspending Properties of Katira Gum: Formulation and Evaluation of Nimesulide Suspension
Get PDFThere are several hydrophilic polymers that have been employed as suspending agents in pharmaceutical suspensions due to their ability to form colloidal gel in aqueous medium. In the present study, katira gum obtained from the bark of Cochlospermum religiosum has been evaluated as suspending agent in nimesulide suspension and compared with acacia gum at concentration of 1-5%. Sedimentation volume, rheology, particle size, degree of flocculation and in-vitro drug release were employed as assessment parameters. The result showed that at all concentrations, katira gum higher suspending capability compared acacia gum. The sedimentation volume was found to increase from 0.36 to 1 (A1-A3) and 0.26 to 0.56 (B1-B3). The viscosity of suspensions (A1 and A2) containing gum katira as suspending agent was found to be 1.35 and 2.4 centipoise and 0.63- 1.05 centipoise (B1- B3). Plots between shear stress and rate of shear were plotted using different concentrations indicates the obedience to newtonian behaviour. Degree of flocculation of gum katira and gum acacia suspension was established to be 1.69 and 1.05 respectively
Surfactants: Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Aspects
Get PDFSurfactants are amphipathic substances with lyophobic and lyophilic groups and are critical components in pharmaceutical products. Surfactants have several uses in pharmaceuticals, i) for solubilisation of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous media, ii) as components of emulsions ,iii) surfactant self-assembly vehicles for oral and transdermal drug delivery, iv) as plasticizers in semisolid delivery systems, and v) as agents to improve drug absorption and penetration. Non-ionic surfactants such as ethers of fatty alcohols are most commonly used in pharmaceuticals. Cationic surfactants are capable of exerting antibacterial properties by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. In pharmaceutical processing, phospholipid lecithin, bile salts, certain fatty acids and their derivatives have become indispensable since they afford a uniquely effective and eficient mechanism of drug carriage by solubilising the drugs of fatty origin. The antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities make biosurfactants relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases and as therapeutic agents. Biosurfactants have the potential for use as major immunomodulatory molecules, as anti-adhesive biological coating for biomaterials, in vaccines and gene therapy, and they may be incorporated into probiotic preparations to combat urogenetical tract infections and pulmonary immunotherapy. Gemini surfactants are effective potential transfection agents for non-viral gene therapy. Ionic liquids act as secondary surfactants and the use of surfactant/ionic liquid systems should be explored to build speciic properties in the organized medium, and to explore pharmaceutical applications of traditional, biosurfactant and Gemini surfactants