Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications
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Effect of Magnetic Fields on Charged B Meson Decays
Get PDFThe effect of magnetic fields on the leptonic decay of charged B meson B− → l-v- is investigated. The decay rate of the process is calculated both in the absence and presence of magnetic field. The non-perturbative parameters fB± (B), f'B± and MB±(B) are also estimated
Response to Neutrons and γ-rays of Two Liquid Scintillators
Get PDFUltimaGoldTM AB and OptiphaseTrisafe are two liquid scintillators made by Perkin Elmer and EG & G Company respectively. Both are commercially promoted as scintillation detectors for α and β particles. In this work, the responses to γ-rays and neutrons of UltimaGoldTM AB and OptiphaseTriSafe liquid scintillators, without and with reflector, have been measured aiming to use these scintillators as γ-rays and neutron detectors. Responses to γ-rays and neutrons were measured as pulse shape spectra in a multichannel analyzer. Scintillators were exposed to gamma rays produced by 137Cs, 54Mn, 22Na and 60Co sources. The response to neutrons was obtained with a 241AmBe neutron source that was measured to 25 and 50 cm from the scintillators. The pulse height spectra due to gamma rays are shifted to larger channels as the photon energy increases and these responses are different from the response due to neutrons. Thus, UltimaGoldTM AB and OptiphaseTrisafe can be used to detect γ-rays and neutrons
Determination of the Thermal Neutron Flux by Measuring Gamma Radiations with High and Low Resolution Detectors
Get PDFThermal neutron flux (Фth) of Americium-Beryllium (Am-Be) neutron source has been measured by adopting the foil activation method. The neutrons emitted from Am-Be source are used to activate the indium-115 (115In) foil. The gamma radiations emitted from the activated isomer 116m1In are measured with NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors. The thermal neutron flux is measured by adopting the cadmium (Cd) foil difference technique in which the Cd foil placed in front of the source to prevent the thermal neutrons from entering into the indium foil. The neutron flux is determined by measuring the gamma radiation emitted from indium foil using a low and high energy resolution NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors respectively. The measured thermal neutron flux obtained from both detectors has been compared and found that the Фth does not depend on the resolution and type of the detectors used in the present investigations
A Systematic Study on the Existence of 7-9B, 16-19Ne, 8-11C, 23-30P and 26-32S Nuclei via Cluster Decay in the Super Heavy Region
Get PDFBased on the Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model, we have studied the decay probabilities of various exotic nuclei from even-even nuclei in the super heavy region. The half-lives and barrier penetrability for the decay of exotic nuclei such as 7-9B, 16-19 Ne, 8-11 C, 23-30 P and 26-32 S from the isotopes 274-332116,274-334 118 and 288-334120 are determined by considering them as spherical as well as deformed nuclei. The effect of ground state quadrupole (β2), Octupole (β3) and hexadecapole (β4) deformation of parent, daughter and cluster nuclei on half- lives and barrier penetrability were studied. Calculations have done for the spherical nuclei and deformed nuclei in order to present the effects of the deformations on half-lives. It is found that height and shape of the barrier reduces by the inclusion of deformation and hence half-life for the emission of different clusters decreases and barrierpenetrability increases. Changes in the half-lives with and without the inclusion of deformation effects are compared in the graph of half -life and barrier penetrability against neutron number of parents. It is evident from the computed half lives that many of the exotic nuclei emissions are probable. Moreover shell structure effects on the half-lives of decay are evident from these plots. Peak in the plot of halflife and dip in the plot of barrier penetrability against neutron number of parent show shell closure at or near to N=184, N=200 and N=212
Goodness of Generalized Seniority in Even-even Sn Isotopes.
Get PDFSeniority has proved to be a unique and simple probe to address some of the complex issues underlying nuclear structure of nuclei close to magic numbers. An extension from the concept of seniority in single-j shell to generalized seniority in multi-j shell has recently been provided by us. We have, consequently, established new selection rules for gamma decays and discovered the new seniority isomers decaying via odd electric multipole operators. We have successfully explained the B(EL; L=1,2,3) behavior of various high spin isomers and other excited states. More specifically, we have been able to explain the long-standing puzzle of double hump in the B(E2) values for the first excited 2+ states of even-even Z=50 (Sn) isotopes. In the present paper, we review these generalized seniority calculations with emphasis on even-even Sn isotopes. We first discuss the generalized seniority results for the E1 decaying 13- isomers and E2 decaying 10+, 15- isomers, and then present the cases of first-excited 2+ and 3- states. The generalized seniority proves out to be a reasonably good quantum number. The significance of configuration mixing is found to be true. The calculated results has been validated till high seniority v=4 states and expected to be valid for higher seniority v=6,… states also.
 
Mini Subcritical Nuclear Reactor
Get PDFA mini subcritical nuclear reactor was designed using Monte Carlo methods. The reactor has light water as moderator, natural uranium as fuel, and a 239PuBe neutron source. In the design uranium fuel was modeled in an arrangement of concentric rings: 8.5, 14.5, 20.5 26.5, 32.5 cm-inner radius, 3 cm-thick, and 36 cm-high. Different models were made from a single ring of natural uranium to five rings. For each case, the neutron spectra, the neutron fluence distribution, the effective multiplication factor, the amplification factor, and the reactor power were estimated. The ambient dose equivalent rate outside the mini reactor was also estimated. The maximum value for the keff (0.78) was obtained when five rings of fuel were used; this value is close to 0.86 which belongs to a Nuclear Chicago subcritical reactor which requires almost twice the amount of uranium than the mini subcritical reactor
RETRACTED ARTICLE: On the Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding Strong Coupling Constant, Nuclear Stability Range, Binding Energy of Isotopes and Magic proton numbers – A Critical Review
No full textThis article has been retracted due to self plagiarizes content and manipulated the text/figures. The author published earlier and later the same work in Mapana Journal of Sciences; 2019, Vol. 18, No. 1, 21-45; https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.48.2. and in the Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics 2(3): 1-22, 2019; Article no.AJR2P.48664 https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i330102 respectively.
It is very clearly mentioned before the submission of the paper to the authors that the research paper should include only original work and no work (same/similar) should be submitted/published anywhere except to the preprint archives. A speculative work presented that is manipulated and recycling the text, data, and images at different places hit the publication ethics and research integrity. We apologies for this paper from our readers, this work could not detect the above sources at the submission time in the plagiarism report.
For more information please see the Chitkara University Retracted Policy https://jnp.chitkara.edu.in/index.php/jnp/p_policy. The article retracted as per the COPE directions, and it was recommended by the editors after consulting with other editorial team members. 
Jung’s Theorem Applied in Nuclear Track Methodology
Get PDFNuclear track density provides accelerator beam imaging and diagnostic employing CR-39 passive detectors. Counting charged particles related tracks by automated reading systems depend on the accuracy of microscope field view other that chemical etching procedure and frequency of overlapped tracks. The study, to propose a method to determined track density for analyser optical field view not calibrated. The approach Jungs’ theorem, provides the area value based on the maximum distance for two selected etched tracks. Results show that the new method has its importance when microscope field view calibration is not available with precision for accelerator beam diagnostics
Evolution of Shapes and Search for Shape Coexistence in Sd-Shell Nuclei
Get PDFA detailed and systematic study has been performed using state dependent Relativistic Mean-Field plus BCS (RMF+BCS) approach to investigate shape evolution for even-even isotopes of Ne, Mg, Si and S. We perform quadrupole constraint calculation using NL3* parameter and look into the variation of binding energy with respect to deformation and find the shape and deformation corresponding to energy minima. We find various isotopes showing shape coexistence and shape transition while moving from proton drip-line to neutron drip-line. These results are compared with Macroscopic-microscopic approach (Mac-Mic) with Nilson Strutinsky (NS) prescription and some other works and are found consistent for these sd-shell nuclei
Effective Atomic Number Dependence of Radiological Parameters of Some Organic Compounds at 122 KeV Gamma Rays
Get PDFMass attenuation coefficient is a fundamental parameter of radiation interaction, from which the other radiological parameters like half Value Layer [HVL], tenth Value Layer [TVL], total atomic and electronic cross-sections, mass energy absorption coefficient, KERMA, CT number and effective atomic number are deduced. These parameters are extensively required in a number of fields such as diagnostic radiology, gamma ray spectroscopy, fluorescence analysis and reactor shielding. In the present work, mass attenuation coefficients are determined experimentally for some organic compounds at 122 keV incident photons using narrow-beam transmission geometry to establish a relation between effective atomic number (Zeff) and other deduced parameters. The experimental data for all these parameters are compared with the values deduced from WinXcom software package and are found to agree within experimental estimated errors. This study gives some insight about the photon interaction in some organic compounds whose effective atomic numbers match with some human body fluids