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Customer experience in the business-to-business context, drivers, measures and consequences
Get PDFThe concept of customer experience (CE) has received increasing attention since the 1990s as researchers in the marketing field have sought to understand its relationship with customers’ behaviour. While there has been a wealth of studies undertaken that have explored CE in relation to business-to-consumer (B2C), there has been limited empirical work carried out on business-to-business (B2B). This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining CE within the B2B context. It first attempts to define the concept of CE in B2B by examining the range of existing pertinent literature. Then, through the use of data from customers of B2B professional service providers in the UK, the study identifies the dimensions of CE and their relative drivers. It also explores the influence of time when present customer experience is formed, and perhaps most importantly, the outcomes of CE in relation to the customer’s satisfaction and subsequent reported behaviour towards the professional service provider in terms of repeated purchase and word-of-mouth. To help ensure a comprehensive study with insightful results that would contribute to the CE concept, the research undertook two studies. Study 1 employed a mixed-method approach for the purpose of empirically deriving measures for CE. It also served to confirm the proposed conceptual framework. The purpose of Study 2 was to validate the newly developed measures identified from Study 1 and test the research hypotheses in terms of investigating CE as a multi-dimensional construct, the impact of past experience on present experience as well as assessing the drivers and the reported outcomes of CE. Thus, a panel study of B2B customers was employed and a longitudinal study was completed. Findings from this research provide insights into the CE concept in the context of B2B. They empirically validate the measures of CE, address its drivers including the impact of time, and through longitudinal data, demonstrate how B2B customer loyalty can be attributed to CE management to a considerable extent. Indeed, by sharing these findings, practitioners will better understand what leads to more efficient CE management, enabling them to reap the advantages of providing superior experiences for their customers.The concept of customer experience (CE) has received increasing attention since the 1990s as researchers in the marketing field have sought to understand its relationship with customers’ behaviour. While there has been a wealth of studies undertaken that have explored CE in relation to business-to-consumer (B2C), there has been limited empirical work carried out on business-to-business (B2B). This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining CE within the B2B context. It first attempts to define the concept of CE in B2B by examining the range of existing pertinent literature. Then, through the use of data from customers of B2B professional service providers in the UK, the study identifies the dimensions of CE and their relative drivers. It also explores the influence of time when present customer experience is formed, and perhaps most importantly, the outcomes of CE in relation to the customer’s satisfaction and subsequent reported behaviour towards the professional service provider in terms of repeated purchase and word-of-mouth. To help ensure a comprehensive study with insightful results that would contribute to the CE concept, the research undertook two studies. Study 1 employed a mixed-method approach for the purpose of empirically deriving measures for CE. It also served to confirm the proposed conceptual framework. The purpose of Study 2 was to validate the newly developed measures identified from Study 1 and test the research hypotheses in terms of investigating CE as a multi-dimensional construct, the impact of past experience on present experience as well as assessing the drivers and the reported outcomes of CE. Thus, a panel study of B2B customers was employed and a longitudinal study was completed. Findings from this research provide insights into the CE concept in the context of B2B. They empirically validate the measures of CE, address its drivers including the impact of time, and through longitudinal data, demonstrate how B2B customer loyalty can be attributed to CE management to a considerable extent. Indeed, by sharing these findings, practitioners will better understand what leads to more efficient CE management, enabling them to reap the advantages of providing superior experiences for their customers
Defending the Scotland Act 1998 as a ‘third way’ Bill of Rights
Get PDFThis thesis seeks to defend the claim that the Scotland Act 1998 operates as a ‘third way’ Bill of Rights. It argues that ‘third way’ theory is a useful lens through which to view rights protection because it emphasises the importance of different governmental branches having a role in the protection of human rights and it highlights how rights can be protected in better and more democratically-legitimate manner when these institutions interact. The claim that the Scotland Act 1998 adopts the ‘third way’ model might be seen as controversial because unlike ‘core’ ‘third way’ Bills of Rights, the Act does not include a parliamentary override. However, by critically analysing ‘third way’ theory and assessing the design and operation of ‘core’ ‘third way’ Bills, the paper demonstrates that not all ‘third way’ accounts view the existence of a parliamentary override to be essential to the model and that,relatedly, there is little evidence of parliamentary overrides being used to facilitate dialogue in practice. It develops an account of the ‘third way’ model that merges the ‘legislative rights review’ associated with Hiebert with Young’s ‘democratic dialogue’. The Scotland Act 1998 is in conformity with this account because it includes numerous provisions that engender legislative rights review and because a combination a judicial deference and provisions in the Scotland Act that encourage remedial deference allow the legislature and the court to work together to protect rights. Analysis of the operation of Scotland’s model shows that the judicial perspective risks being over-prioritised to the detriment of the legislative perspective. This could lead to Scotland’s model becoming unbalanced. Parliament is in a particularly weak position to fulfil its institutional role under the model. Despite this, opportunities for democratic actors to contribute to the settling of rights-questions remain and these opportunities can be made greater with reformThis thesis seeks to defend the claim that the Scotland Act 1998 operates as a ‘third way’ Bill of Rights. It argues that ‘third way’ theory is a useful lens through which to view rights protection because it emphasises the importance of different governmental branches having a role in the protection of human rights and it highlights how rights can be protected in better and more democratically-legitimate manner when these institutions interact. The claim that the Scotland Act 1998 adopts the ‘third way’ model might be seen as controversial because unlike ‘core’ ‘third way’ Bills of Rights, the Act does not include a parliamentary override. However, by critically analysing ‘third way’ theory and assessing the design and operation of ‘core’ ‘third way’ Bills, the paper demonstrates that not all ‘third way’ accounts view the existence of a parliamentary override to be essential to the model and that,relatedly, there is little evidence of parliamentary overrides being used to facilitate dialogue in practice. It develops an account of the ‘third way’ model that merges the ‘legislative rights review’ associated with Hiebert with Young’s ‘democratic dialogue’. The Scotland Act 1998 is in conformity with this account because it includes numerous provisions that engender legislative rights review and because a combination a judicial deference and provisions in the Scotland Act that encourage remedial deference allow the legislature and the court to work together to protect rights. Analysis of the operation of Scotland’s model shows that the judicial perspective risks being over-prioritised to the detriment of the legislative perspective. This could lead to Scotland’s model becoming unbalanced. Parliament is in a particularly weak position to fulfil its institutional role under the model. Despite this, opportunities for democratic actors to contribute to the settling of rights-questions remain and these opportunities can be made greater with refor
Mechanical failure assessment of Lithium ion battery electrode under electrochemical-mechanical condition
Get PDFLithium ion battery appears to be the dominant energy source of electric vehicles and most portable electronic devices, due to its high energy density, low self-discharge rate as well as wide temperature range. However, its inherent operation mechanism that, Li-ion reversibly inserts into/extracts from battery electrode, would lead to the repeated swelling and shrinking of the host electrode material and the generation of diffusion-induced stress (DIS). The mechanical failure behaviours under diffusion-induced stress could influence the cyclic performance of electrode and battery. Hence, the structural integrity assessment of battery electrode upon electrochemical condition is vital for the development of this new energy source. This thesis presents the studies of diffusion-induced stress related mechanical failure analyses of Li-ion battery electrode. Firstly, the diffusion driven method and chemical potential driven method are developed and implemented by writing finite element subroutines. These methods make it available to use ABAQUS platform to effectively and efficiently conduct coupled diffusion-stress analysis. Secondly, with using the extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), the complete crack initiation, propagation and fracture process of electrode particle can be investigated, and the critical cracking failure boundaries are innovatively proposed for assessing the different crack status. Thirdly, with using the Linear Matching Method Framework (LMMF), knowledge has been extended on shakedown, reverse plasticity and ratcheting behaviours of battery electrode under electrochemicalconditions. Furthermore, a fatigue damage evaluation method is innovatively proposed, which makes it available to assess the continuous mechanical degradation of oxide electrode material. With the proposed assessment method, the fatigue degradation trends of battery electrode configurations under different material levels are modeled. The research works in this thesis offer valuable insights into mechanical failure mechanisms of lithium ion battery electrode under electrochemical loads and provide theoretical information on the optimization of electrode material.Lithium ion battery appears to be the dominant energy source of electric vehicles and most portable electronic devices, due to its high energy density, low self-discharge rate as well as wide temperature range. However, its inherent operation mechanism that, Li-ion reversibly inserts into/extracts from battery electrode, would lead to the repeated swelling and shrinking of the host electrode material and the generation of diffusion-induced stress (DIS). The mechanical failure behaviours under diffusion-induced stress could influence the cyclic performance of electrode and battery. Hence, the structural integrity assessment of battery electrode upon electrochemical condition is vital for the development of this new energy source. This thesis presents the studies of diffusion-induced stress related mechanical failure analyses of Li-ion battery electrode. Firstly, the diffusion driven method and chemical potential driven method are developed and implemented by writing finite element subroutines. These methods make it available to use ABAQUS platform to effectively and efficiently conduct coupled diffusion-stress analysis. Secondly, with using the extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), the complete crack initiation, propagation and fracture process of electrode particle can be investigated, and the critical cracking failure boundaries are innovatively proposed for assessing the different crack status. Thirdly, with using the Linear Matching Method Framework (LMMF), knowledge has been extended on shakedown, reverse plasticity and ratcheting behaviours of battery electrode under electrochemicalconditions. Furthermore, a fatigue damage evaluation method is innovatively proposed, which makes it available to assess the continuous mechanical degradation of oxide electrode material. With the proposed assessment method, the fatigue degradation trends of battery electrode configurations under different material levels are modeled. The research works in this thesis offer valuable insights into mechanical failure mechanisms of lithium ion battery electrode under electrochemical loads and provide theoretical information on the optimization of electrode material
Advancement of automated second harmonic generation laser technology and investigations in spintronics
No full textSpeech-, fine- and gross- motor control in children with autism spectrum disorder
Get PDFMotor impairment is argued to be central to ASD, however, its interaction with speech motor control has not been studied in-depth. This study examined this interaction by investigating why higher rates of speech sound errors are identified in children with ASD and whether this could be related to a single underlying motor impairment. A small number of studies found residual and non-developmental speech errors are significantly higher in children with ASD (33-40%) than the normal adult population (1-2%; Cleland, Gibbon, et al., 2010; Shriberg et al., 2001). Others argue that speech follows a typical developmental trajectory (Kjelgaard & Tager-Flusberg, 2001). In this study ten children with ASD and ten age and gender matched typically developing peers aged 6-12 years were compared. Behavioural assessments were carried out to examine nonverbal IQ, language ability, gross, and fine motor control. These were correlated with clinical assessments of speech in both single syllabic and multisyllabic contexts. Speech motor control was measured using a Diadochokinesis (DDK) task recorded with simultaneous ultrasound tongue imaging and acoustic recordings. The analysis carried out looked at tongue shape variation and mean syllable duration at slowest and fastest syllable repetition rates.There were no correlations between DDK measures in the ASD group with movement and language, speech, non-verbal IQ, and autistic symptomatology. However, correlations were found within the subtests. There were no significant differences between the TD and ASD group in maximum rate, consistency, or accuracy of the DDK tasks. When using ultrasound to measure tongue shape variance, surprisingly, the TD group had more significant differences of tongue shape in the more motorically complex sequences (tk and ptk) than the ASD group. While children in the ASD group had significantly poorer motor performance in the movement assessment, this did not correlate with the in-depth analysis of speech motor control. Children in the ASD group often performed with less variability in the DDK tasks than the TD group, suggesting rigidity in motor plans. The results indicate that while no speech motor impairment was present, there were indicators that children with ASD had difficulty with speech attunement, being unable to sufficiently attune to the ambient speech environment. The presence of a significant fine and gross motor impairment as well as impairment in language may further impede speech sound development.Motor impairment is argued to be central to ASD, however, its interaction with speech motor control has not been studied in-depth. This study examined this interaction by investigating why higher rates of speech sound errors are identified in children with ASD and whether this could be related to a single underlying motor impairment. A small number of studies found residual and non-developmental speech errors are significantly higher in children with ASD (33-40%) than the normal adult population (1-2%; Cleland, Gibbon, et al., 2010; Shriberg et al., 2001). Others argue that speech follows a typical developmental trajectory (Kjelgaard & Tager-Flusberg, 2001). In this study ten children with ASD and ten age and gender matched typically developing peers aged 6-12 years were compared. Behavioural assessments were carried out to examine nonverbal IQ, language ability, gross, and fine motor control. These were correlated with clinical assessments of speech in both single syllabic and multisyllabic contexts. Speech motor control was measured using a Diadochokinesis (DDK) task recorded with simultaneous ultrasound tongue imaging and acoustic recordings. The analysis carried out looked at tongue shape variation and mean syllable duration at slowest and fastest syllable repetition rates.There were no correlations between DDK measures in the ASD group with movement and language, speech, non-verbal IQ, and autistic symptomatology. However, correlations were found within the subtests. There were no significant differences between the TD and ASD group in maximum rate, consistency, or accuracy of the DDK tasks. When using ultrasound to measure tongue shape variance, surprisingly, the TD group had more significant differences of tongue shape in the more motorically complex sequences (tk and ptk) than the ASD group. While children in the ASD group had significantly poorer motor performance in the movement assessment, this did not correlate with the in-depth analysis of speech motor control. Children in the ASD group often performed with less variability in the DDK tasks than the TD group, suggesting rigidity in motor plans. The results indicate that while no speech motor impairment was present, there were indicators that children with ASD had difficulty with speech attunement, being unable to sufficiently attune to the ambient speech environment. The presence of a significant fine and gross motor impairment as well as impairment in language may further impede speech sound development
Comparative study of drainage in soils and foams, early-time and late-time solutions
Get PDFRichards equation has been known and used to describe unsaturated flow of liquids in porous media since it was proposed by Richards in 1931. This is a highly nonlinear equation with no exact solution in general. There has however been significant research in developing specific solutions of this equation using various analytical and/or numerical approaches. In comparison, the foam drainage equation has been derived to describe flow of water through a complex network of foam channels (Plateau borders). It is a nonlinear equation, again with no solution in general, although a number of analytical solutions are known. Research in the physics and mathematics of foams have produced considerable knowledge that have helped advance the theory of drainage and propagation of liquid through foams. Not much has been done to compare and contrast these equations (Richards equation and the foam drainage equation) although they obey the same governing fundamental laws. Flow situations involving these two governing equations can be designated as either early-time nonlinear diffusion or late-time travelling wave propagation problems.;Various complex analytical (and also numerical) mathematical techniques are required to solve such problems. Material properties such as capillary suction head, hydraulic conductivity and capillary diffusivity are also required before these problems can be studied. In order to find material properties for Richards equation, soil material property functions derived by van Genuchten and Brooks & Corey are employed in this thesis. The foam drainage equation (of which various forms exist) has the analogous material properties embedded in its formulation. This research has obtained solutions for Richards equation and for foam drainage comparing them both for early-time diffusion and for late-time travelling wave solutions. The obtained solutions can be used to predict such physical behaviours as the amount of fluid needed to be injected to flood an oil reservoir or alternatively to irrigate a piece of land without flooding it. Knowledge from these solutions will be of immense benefit to many practical situations similar to those mentioned above.Richards equation has been known and used to describe unsaturated flow of liquids in porous media since it was proposed by Richards in 1931. This is a highly nonlinear equation with no exact solution in general. There has however been significant research in developing specific solutions of this equation using various analytical and/or numerical approaches. In comparison, the foam drainage equation has been derived to describe flow of water through a complex network of foam channels (Plateau borders). It is a nonlinear equation, again with no solution in general, although a number of analytical solutions are known. Research in the physics and mathematics of foams have produced considerable knowledge that have helped advance the theory of drainage and propagation of liquid through foams. Not much has been done to compare and contrast these equations (Richards equation and the foam drainage equation) although they obey the same governing fundamental laws. Flow situations involving these two governing equations can be designated as either early-time nonlinear diffusion or late-time travelling wave propagation problems.;Various complex analytical (and also numerical) mathematical techniques are required to solve such problems. Material properties such as capillary suction head, hydraulic conductivity and capillary diffusivity are also required before these problems can be studied. In order to find material properties for Richards equation, soil material property functions derived by van Genuchten and Brooks & Corey are employed in this thesis. The foam drainage equation (of which various forms exist) has the analogous material properties embedded in its formulation. This research has obtained solutions for Richards equation and for foam drainage comparing them both for early-time diffusion and for late-time travelling wave solutions. The obtained solutions can be used to predict such physical behaviours as the amount of fluid needed to be injected to flood an oil reservoir or alternatively to irrigate a piece of land without flooding it. Knowledge from these solutions will be of immense benefit to many practical situations similar to those mentioned above
Community food providers as a response to food poverty : an institutional theory perspective
Get PDFFood poverty contravenes the human right to food. Its existence in the UK has led to emotive calls for interventions to address this pressing social issue. It is widely recognised that the State bears the duty to ensure households have adequate income to protect them from food poverty. However, alongside the State a network of other actors may play a role in tackling food poverty. Third-sector community food providers are one such actor however their place, efficacy, and role in a response to food poverty is debated within and outside the field.Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of community food providers as a response to food poverty. A quasi-ethnography is undertaken with 16 grassroots organizations, operating in the central belt of Scotland, and 5 meso level support organizations. Data collected from June 2018 to March 2019 are analysed using institutional theory. Insight on the forms, functions, and services of these organizations highlights that the name ‘community food providers’ belies both their heterogeneity and scope. Many offer services that extend beyond the provision of food. The heterogeneity, in part, arises from the multiplicity of logics instantiated in their day-to-day practices. Some of these practices incorporate institutional work, a means of achieving institutional change. This includes several forms of advocacy, targeted at different audiences. The thesis contributes to knowledge on community food providers and adds to debates on their efficacy and appropriateness in a response to food poverty. It also highlights two institutional orders that are largely omitted from existing third sector scholarship and responds to calls to explore how multiple logics are instantiated within organizations. The thesis also challenges dichotomous presentations of services provision and advocacy, adding to a small body of literature that suggests the two can occur concurrently. These contributions are relevant for theory, policy,and practice.Food poverty contravenes the human right to food. Its existence in the UK has led to emotive calls for interventions to address this pressing social issue. It is widely recognised that the State bears the duty to ensure households have adequate income to protect them from food poverty. However, alongside the State a network of other actors may play a role in tackling food poverty. Third-sector community food providers are one such actor however their place, efficacy, and role in a response to food poverty is debated within and outside the field.Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of community food providers as a response to food poverty. A quasi-ethnography is undertaken with 16 grassroots organizations, operating in the central belt of Scotland, and 5 meso level support organizations. Data collected from June 2018 to March 2019 are analysed using institutional theory. Insight on the forms, functions, and services of these organizations highlights that the name ‘community food providers’ belies both their heterogeneity and scope. Many offer services that extend beyond the provision of food. The heterogeneity, in part, arises from the multiplicity of logics instantiated in their day-to-day practices. Some of these practices incorporate institutional work, a means of achieving institutional change. This includes several forms of advocacy, targeted at different audiences. The thesis contributes to knowledge on community food providers and adds to debates on their efficacy and appropriateness in a response to food poverty. It also highlights two institutional orders that are largely omitted from existing third sector scholarship and responds to calls to explore how multiple logics are instantiated within organizations. The thesis also challenges dichotomous presentations of services provision and advocacy, adding to a small body of literature that suggests the two can occur concurrently. These contributions are relevant for theory, policy,and practice
Zein-based nanoparticles for drug delivery applications
Get PDFThis thesis was previously held under moratorium from 12th May 2022 until 12th May 2024.Zein’s protein origin and hydrophobicity has raised concerns about its potential use as a delivery system in humans. To overcome this issue, it has been hypothesised that conjugating zein with polyethylene glycol (PEG) could provide steric shielding to the delivery system, thus preventing its opsonisation and increasing its half-life in the blood. The overall goal of this thesis was therefore to synthesise zein micelles conjugated with PEG and assess the possibility of using them for cancer drug delivery. First, we demonstrated that zein could be successfully conjugated with PEG and self-assembled into micelles with sizes ranging from 100 to 300 nm, depending on the molecular weight of PEG and PEG to zein ratio. In vitro studies revealed that PEGylated zein micelles could deliver a model hydrophobic substance, Nile red, into B16-F10-luc-G5 melanoma cells in a time-dependent manner, with higher cellular uptake observed when using smaller chain length PEG5K and lower PEG density. The impact of the protein corona on the uptake of PEGylated zein micelles by cancer cells and immune cells was then evaluated. PEGylation was shown to confer stealth effects to the zein micelles. The presence of human plasma did not impact the uptake of the micelles by melanoma cancer cells, regardless of PEG chain length. On the other hand, it decreased the uptake by macrophages and dendritic cells. Finally, the NanoAssemblrTM microfluidic system was exploited to generate zein nanoparticles. Continuous microfluidic approach was not the best option for manufacturing zein nanoparticles, as it resulted in low yield and drug entrapment. By contrast, zein nanoparticles with an appropriate size and improved encapsulation efficiency could be obtained using the conventional nanoprecipitation method. Overall, this thesis demonstrated that PEGylated zein micelles are highly promising delivery systems that should be further investigated for use in cancer drug delivery.Zein’s protein origin and hydrophobicity has raised concerns about its potential use as a delivery system in humans. To overcome this issue, it has been hypothesised that conjugating zein with polyethylene glycol (PEG) could provide steric shielding to the delivery system, thus preventing its opsonisation and increasing its half-life in the blood. The overall goal of this thesis was therefore to synthesise zein micelles conjugated with PEG and assess the possibility of using them for cancer drug delivery. First, we demonstrated that zein could be successfully conjugated with PEG and self-assembled into micelles with sizes ranging from 100 to 300 nm, depending on the molecular weight of PEG and PEG to zein ratio. In vitro studies revealed that PEGylated zein micelles could deliver a model hydrophobic substance, Nile red, into B16-F10-luc-G5 melanoma cells in a time-dependent manner, with higher cellular uptake observed when using smaller chain length PEG5K and lower PEG density. The impact of the protein corona on the uptake of PEGylated zein micelles by cancer cells and immune cells was then evaluated. PEGylation was shown to confer stealth effects to the zein micelles. The presence of human plasma did not impact the uptake of the micelles by melanoma cancer cells, regardless of PEG chain length. On the other hand, it decreased the uptake by macrophages and dendritic cells. Finally, the NanoAssemblrTM microfluidic system was exploited to generate zein nanoparticles. Continuous microfluidic approach was not the best option for manufacturing zein nanoparticles, as it resulted in low yield and drug entrapment. By contrast, zein nanoparticles with an appropriate size and improved encapsulation efficiency could be obtained using the conventional nanoprecipitation method. Overall, this thesis demonstrated that PEGylated zein micelles are highly promising delivery systems that should be further investigated for use in cancer drug delivery
Theory of lasing, photon number squeezing and thermal emission in quantum dot nanolasers
Get PDFWe develop quantum models capable of describing laser action from the fundamental limit β = 1 to the thermodynamic limit β → 0. By including the variables that describe incoherent and coherent emission we are able to fully characterise the laser threshold as a function of the pump power independent of system size. The case of the so-called “thresholdless” laser where β = 1 is examined and through bifurcation analysis the true laser threshold is found. The model equations are solved analytically as is the equation for the second-order intensity correlation. We show cases where antibunching is predicted and observe that there is a distinct path of emission for lasing devices as the pump is increased: from thermal to antibunching to coherent. We exploit antibunching regime that preceding the lasing regime by proposing a simple experimental setup capable of producing up to 3 dB photon number noise reduction in comparison with coherent emission. There is moderate output power in the range of pW and we show that effects due to pump fluctuations are negligible. We also show that in the thermodynamic limit our model is capable of recovering the classical laser threshold for macroscopic lasers.We develop quantum models capable of describing laser action from the fundamental limit β = 1 to the thermodynamic limit β → 0. By including the variables that describe incoherent and coherent emission we are able to fully characterise the laser threshold as a function of the pump power independent of system size. The case of the so-called “thresholdless” laser where β = 1 is examined and through bifurcation analysis the true laser threshold is found. The model equations are solved analytically as is the equation for the second-order intensity correlation. We show cases where antibunching is predicted and observe that there is a distinct path of emission for lasing devices as the pump is increased: from thermal to antibunching to coherent. We exploit antibunching regime that preceding the lasing regime by proposing a simple experimental setup capable of producing up to 3 dB photon number noise reduction in comparison with coherent emission. There is moderate output power in the range of pW and we show that effects due to pump fluctuations are negligible. We also show that in the thermodynamic limit our model is capable of recovering the classical laser threshold for macroscopic lasers
Design, development, and feasibility of a stability-based training package for people with chronic ankle instability
Get PDFChronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with recurrent ankle sprains, mechanical laxity, and/or perceived instability. Stability-based rehabilitative training has been found to prevent further injury, however poor programme compliance can hinder the programme's effectiveness. Providing feedback on performance allows progress to be monitored and encourages motivation. For this reason, the stimulating and motivational environment created using virtual reality (VR) systems may be more conducive to adherence. Visualisation is the connection of biomechanical analysis and VR. Visualisation produces real-time feedback and uses VR to create a diverse, challenging, and controllable environment, representative of real world situations. This study aimed to design, develop, and test the feasibility of a stability based training package for people with CAI.;The package designed a stability-based programme and developed the visualisation to provide accurate feedback of movement in a virtual environment using motion capture to supplement that of the clinician in practice. A feasibility randomised controlled trial was conducted for people with No-CAI and CAI to compare VIS and No-VIS groups across three sites in the UK and Australia. Outcomes at pre and post-training included participant retention, adherence, adverse events, and objective and subjective stability performance. Of the 28 randomised participants, 26 completed the feasibility study with two CAI participants withdrawing due to non-trial related matters. No adverse events occurred, and training was 100% adhered to.;The results of the stability-based training package were inconclusive for participants with no CAI. For people with CAI, training with visualisation did show significantly greater improvement for the Star Excursion Balance Test, but no conclusions can be drawn since the study was underpowered. All participants reported an enjoyable experience, and the visualisation did not elicit a greater change in results. To conclude, this study supports the feasibility of the stability-based training package for people with CAI and provides evidence for further development.Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with recurrent ankle sprains, mechanical laxity, and/or perceived instability. Stability-based rehabilitative training has been found to prevent further injury, however poor programme compliance can hinder the programme's effectiveness. Providing feedback on performance allows progress to be monitored and encourages motivation. For this reason, the stimulating and motivational environment created using virtual reality (VR) systems may be more conducive to adherence. Visualisation is the connection of biomechanical analysis and VR. Visualisation produces real-time feedback and uses VR to create a diverse, challenging, and controllable environment, representative of real world situations. This study aimed to design, develop, and test the feasibility of a stability based training package for people with CAI.;The package designed a stability-based programme and developed the visualisation to provide accurate feedback of movement in a virtual environment using motion capture to supplement that of the clinician in practice. A feasibility randomised controlled trial was conducted for people with No-CAI and CAI to compare VIS and No-VIS groups across three sites in the UK and Australia. Outcomes at pre and post-training included participant retention, adherence, adverse events, and objective and subjective stability performance. Of the 28 randomised participants, 26 completed the feasibility study with two CAI participants withdrawing due to non-trial related matters. No adverse events occurred, and training was 100% adhered to.;The results of the stability-based training package were inconclusive for participants with no CAI. For people with CAI, training with visualisation did show significantly greater improvement for the Star Excursion Balance Test, but no conclusions can be drawn since the study was underpowered. All participants reported an enjoyable experience, and the visualisation did not elicit a greater change in results. To conclude, this study supports the feasibility of the stability-based training package for people with CAI and provides evidence for further development
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