International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology
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Monitoring of Cortisol Levels in Hog Deer with Varying Environment Exposure
Get PDFHog deer (Axis porcinus) is one of the least studied animal species in Pakistan. It belongs to Order Artiodactyla and the family Cervidae. IUCN classified Axis porcinus as an endangered species in 2008. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of varying environmental exposure, genders, and seasonal changes on captive hog deer (A. porcinus) at Lahore Zoo, Safari Zoo, and Jallo Park in Lahore, Pakistan. Non-invasive techniques were used to monitor stress levels in hog deer. For sample collection, four definite months belonging to two seasons’ winter and summer were considered. A total of 48 urine and faecal samples were collected from both male and female hog deer. Seasonal fluctuations have been found to have a significant impact on faecal and urinary cortisol levels. Higher cortisol levels were found in both male and female hog deer in the summer season at all three visited sites. Fluctuations in environmental exposure at three research sites had a significant impact on faecal and urinary cortisol levels. Higher levels of cortisol were found in both male and female hog deer at Jallo park and Lahore Zoo, as compared to Safari Zoo. It was concluded that lower cortisol levels at Safari Zoo might be due to better environmental conditions and more flexible enclosure size and interaction of various species of deer. Temperature affected hog deer cortisol levels in summer, as higher levels were measured in summer compared to winter. In addition, sex did not predict any stress levels in hog deer. It has been suggested that a large enclosure size can control levels of cortisol in hog deer
Psycho-Social and Morbidity of Substance Use Disorder in Women
Get PDFSubstance abuse disorder is a major and worldwide concern that cursed countries and mankind. Psychosocial factors influences differ across the person and may contribute to the development of physical and mental disorders. The research aimed to investigate the impact of psychological factors (Self-esteem, Depression, Anxiety, and Decision-Making Confidence) and social factors (Childhood Problems, Hostility, Risk-taking, and Social Conformity) that predictors of substance use disorder in women. en cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. Drug Abuse Screaming Test (DAST) and psychosocial functioning scale were used to collect data on women (N=200). The purposive sampling technique was employed for sample selection; moreover, the snowball technique was also used as the drug-addicted women recommended the other women. Results of the study ravels that psychosocial factors were a significant predictor of substance use disorder in women. The finding of the multiple regression analysis reveals that psychosocial factors were significant predictors of substance use disorder in women [R2 =.46, F (1,142)14.26, p<.01]. In conclusion, this study highlights some psychological (Self-esteem, Anxiety, Decision-making confidence) and social factors (Childhood problems, Risk-taking, and social conformity) that are valuable predictors of substance use disorder in women. These findings may help clinicians to develop treatment and policy guidelines for the prevention of drug addiction in women
Spatial Patterns of LRTI among Children in Lahore
Get PDFLower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) is the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality in children of 1 month in developing countries. The aim of this research was to examine the spatial patterns of children under LRTI in Lahore, Pakistan. The records of all patients of LRTIs among children <5 years, admitted in the four different public sector hospitals of Lahore from 2017-2021 were analyzed. The collected data was processed and analyzed in SPSS 22.0 for the chi-square test (P<0.0.5), Multiple linear regression and ANOVA were calculated to assess the association of these variables. Town-wise distribution of diseases was mapped in ArcGIS 10.5. There were 2,609 pediatrics patients admitted and major cases in the year 2021. All the patients were distributed in four age groups, <2m, 2-12m, 13-24m, 25-60m. The most common diagnosis was Bronchopneumonia with (77.50%), Bronchiolitis (11.84%), Pneumonia (6.86%), and Bronchitis (3.79%). A significant increasing trend was found in Bronchopneumonia. In town-wise analysis, out of 2,609 patients, 977 patients were observed in Allama Iqbal Town. The peak season of the disease was seen in winter Dec-Feb. LRTI is a leading cause of childhood hospitalization in Lahore, Pakistan. These results may guide health authorities to determine where and when to effectively allocate resources for the prevention and control of LRTI.
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Flow Analysis of Various Inlet Velocity Profiles on Indoor Temperature for Energy Conservation of HVAC System Using CFD
Get PDFEnergy conservation has been the most popular topic of the modern world. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems consume approximately 10 % of the total energy of world. In order to improve the efficiency of HVAC systems, two dimensional (2D) room with inlet, outlet and heat source has been modeled. ANSYS Fluent has been used for numerical analysis of air flow in a 2D room. User Defined Functions (UDFs), which are coded in C language and hooked in ANSYS fluent, have been used for recording temperature variations and for heat generation within 2D room. Besides studying velocity fields and temperature distributions within indoor environment under specified boundary conditions, reference region for comparative analysis is also selected during Steady State (SS) numerical simulations. During transient analysis, temperature variations of a selected location are recorded for four different scenarios under varying inlet velocity profiles i.e. three for 0°, 30°, 60° angle with 1.3661 m/s velocity and fourth 0° with 2.7322 m/s velocity. Temperature profile of reference region after 1500 sec of transient simulations are compared with the steady state. Temperature profile of the scenario once the air is injected at 30° closely matched with the steady state temperature profile of the selected region. Time for attainment of SS temperature is also measured and compared after transient simulations. SS temperature value was attained twice, first at 240 seconds when the air was injected at 0° with 2.7322 m/s and secondly at 522 seconds when inlet air entered at velocity of 1.3361 m/s at 30°. The power consumption by increasing the fan speed is much higher as compared to the power consumed for changing direction only.
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Blind Image Deblurring Using Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) Based Image Prior
Get PDFBlind image deconvolution, a technique for obtaining restored image as well as the blur kernel from an inexact image. This research uses spatial characteristics to tackle the problem of blind image deconvolution. To work, the proposed method does not necessitate prior information about the blur kernel. Many applications, such as remote sensing, astronomy, and medical X-ray imaging, necessitate blind image deconvolution algorithms. This study used the maximum a posteriori (MAP) paradigm to create a new blind deblurring approach for removing blur from images. In beginning, we employed a Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG)-based image before regularising the gradients of an image. In the second phase, we used an operator known as the Iterative Shrinkage Thresholding Algorithm (ISTA) to cope with the non-convex challenge that develops during the entire deblurring procedure. Finally, we compared our method to several well-known methods in terms of quantitative and qualitative qualities, and we were able to determine which strategy was the most effective. Our findings show that the strategy we propose outperforms the others by a large margin.
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Power Spectrum of Brain for Complex Task using Electroencephalogram
Get PDFCognitive processes are constantly under critical relevance in the field of neuroscience. In the examination of Electroencephalogram (EEG) data, frequency bands are always significant because they determine how the brain responds to various activities and circumstances in different situations. However, it is usually accepted that each brain region is associated with a certain activity, such as auditory, visual, or cognitive tasks. Moreover, to retrieve additional information from the brain, it is often required to establish new neural connections. In this study, the researchers established a functional relationship between different EEG frequencies and the cognitive task under investigation. The frequencies of alpha, beta, and theta waves are often discussed in connection to cognitive tasks, but the frequency of the delta wave is seldom referenced throughout the cognitive process. We then focused on the frequency of delta waves in different parts of the brain, such as the occipital and front alregions
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Arsenic (v) Adsorption by Using Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe2O3-NPs) and Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs)
Get PDFArsenic, is one of the most harmful elements to human health that continuously causes a threat to the world. Arsenic is found in combined form in rocks under the earth\u27s surface and when it dissolves, it contaminates groundwater. The current research synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3-NPs) and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) for removal of arsenic (As) (˅) from an aqueous medium and characterized the synthesized material by different analytical techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy and XRD spectroscopy. The results show successful synthesis of Fe2O3-NPs and Al2O3-NPs. Furthermore, the synthesized material was used as an adsorbent for extraction of as (V) from water. The effect of different parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was investigated. The adsorption efficiency was determined by Fe2O3-NPs at about 20 mg/g and Al2O3-NPs at 19.5 mg/g. The quantitative removal of as (V) from industrial water required a minimum amount (0.2 g) of Fe2O3-NPs and Al2O3-NPs. various kinetic and isotherms were investigated in the current study. The result showed that the obtained data for Fe2O3-NPs was more fitted to Pseudo second order kinetic and Freundlich equation, while for Al2O3-NPs the data was more fitted to Pseudo second order kinetic and Elovich model equation, which confirms the interaction among as (V) and adsorbents. Thermodynamic parameters were also investigated which shows the process is spontaneous and endothermic. This model was used to estimate the site energy distribution for each adsorbent. Thermodynamic parameters were also investigated which shows the non-spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorbent. According to the results of the analysis of the approximate site energy distribution, adding Fe2O3 and Al2O3-NPs to arsenic decreased the area under the frequency distribution curve of the sorption site energies, which in turn decreased the number of sorption sites that were open to arsenic. This might be explained by the hydrophobic interaction between synthesized materials and arsenic being reduced due to the blocking of the Fe2O3 and Al2O3-NPs hydrophobic surface
Hybrid Integration Model in Industry 4.0 for Lean Management (HIM)
Get PDFIn many large organizations, there is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system that needs to be integrated with a third-party system to provide real-time services to their customers. To achieve this, these organizations’(ERP) systems should have inbound (IB) and outbound (OB) integration capability through APIs. In this paper, we have proposed and implemented a Hybrid Integration Model (HIM) in Industry 4.0 for Lean Management. This research was implemented in an Airline Travel Company (ATC) in which an In-house ERP system is real-time-integrated (In-bound) with Global Distribution System (GDS) through API’s i-e, soap &rest-based web services for online ticketing as well other Miscellaneous facilities i-e (Auto SMS Email) using Horizontal Integration Model in Industry 4.0 and also integrated (Outbound) with 3rd party General Ledger (GL) system. Integrating an ERP system with GL is an automated business process that requires implementing API’s and developing automatic routines to move the data between ERP & GL Systems as per user requirements. Our proposed model is fully automated where no human intervention is involved while transferring data from ERP to GL and following all standards recommended by industry 4.0 for Lean Management.
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Review on Performance Analysis of Three Control Techniques for Buck Converter feeding a Resistive Load
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In power systems, DC/DC converters are used to reduce or improve the dc voltage level. A dc/dc converter\u27s major difficulty is controlling the output dc voltage closer to the desired set-point voltage at the load and input voltage fluctuation. Designers aim for better efficiency, reduced harmonics, and higher power while keeping converter size and power under safe limits. Several control techniques are used in dc/dc converters to overcome the problems mentioned above. This paper compares the transient performance of three control techniques, namely proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, fuzzy logic control (FLC), and sliding mode control (SMC) methods, after a brief introduction of these techniques. Secondly, the three techniques have performed simulation results of a buck converter feeding a resistive load. Comparative analyses are presented for various conditions such as input voltage and load variation tests. It is observed that SMC outperforms the other two methods for both simulation scenarios
Mindfulness Based Intervention for 21-Year-Old with Substance Use
Get PDFSubstance Use Disorders (SUDs) are a global psychiatric problem associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Consequently, contemporary advances in addiction have generated the potential for assessing the efficacy of Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) for treating those with SUDs and their Relapse Prevention. The current case study focuses on a 21-year-old married man referred with the presenting complaints of intake and withdrawal of Heroin. His symptoms fulfilled the criteria of Heroin Withdrawal Disorder and he is currently in a controlled environment. The assessment was carried out through a clinical interview with the client, behavioral observation, Mental Status Examination (MSE) and the subjective rating of symptoms. Formal assessments were also carried out. The management plan was devised to build and maintain an excellent therapeutic alliance. The psychotherapeutic intervention was applied, primarily focusing on the use of MBI that improved symptoms