International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology
Not a member yet
813 research outputs found
Sort by
Real Estate Price Prediction
Get PDFReal estate price predictions are critical for stakeholders, including investors and developers, because they have a considerable impact on investment decisions and market stability. In order to fill in the shortcomings in earlier approaches, this work presents a novel methodology by utilizing deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) techniques to improve real estate price forecast accuracy. We used the "House Prices 2023 Dataset" from Kaggle, which contains 168,000 entries of Pakistani property data. Our methodology included extensive data preparation, feature engineering, and the use of various algorithms, including Linear Regression, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The models were tested using MSE, RMSE, R-squared, and accuracy. KNN outperformed the other models, with a lower RMSE of 13.79 and a higher R-squared value of 0.85, indicating improved predictive accuracy. RF also produced impressive results, with an accuracy of 80%. Handling complicated feature interactions, guaranteeing model scalability, and controlling hardware resources were all challenges that suggested possibilities for future improvement. As a result, our research offers a solid foundation for raising forecasting accuracy in fluctuations in the market and emphasizes the possibility of utilizing ML approaches for better real estate price prediction
The Analysis of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Human Health Risks. A Case Study of Rawalpindi Pakistan
No full textWater is essential for the survival of all living beings, but the rapid increase in population is causing a significant decline in water quality. Access to safe and hygienic drinking water is crucial for human health, yet approximately 44% of Pakistan\u27s population lacks access to clean drinking water. In Rawalpindi, a densely populated area, the challenges associated with drinking water are further exacerbated by industrialization and rapid population growth. This study aims to analyze the spread of waterborne diseases, identify sources of water pollution, and propose preventive measures specifically for the Mareer Hassan Saddar area within the Rawalpindi cantonment. The study assessed various water quality parameters, including aesthetic factors such as taste, odor, and appearance; chemical factors like pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), hardness, nitrates, and turbidity; as well as heavy metals such as zinc, chromium, lead, and arsenic. Biological parameters, including the presence of total coliform bacteria, were also evaluated. Water samples were collected from different endpoints within the Rawalpindi district and compared against the drinking water quality standards established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The findings revealed that while the chemical quality of the water was within acceptable ranges according to WHO and national standards, the biological content was highly problematic. The presence of total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria in the water samples was particularly concerning, as these bacteria are known to cause various diseases in humans. This highlights the urgent need for improved water quality management in the study area to protect public health
A Review on Cloud Computing Threats, Security and Possible Solutions
Get PDFCloud computing is increasingly popular, with major companies like Microsoft, Google, and Amazon creating expansive cloud environments to support vast user bases. Despite its benefits, security remains a significant concern, complicating full trust in cloud solutions due to potential hazards and the consequences of security breaches. This study introduces a novel approach to address the gaps in existing frameworks for summarizing and analyzing cloud security issues and requirements. We explored various cloud computing security challenges, assessed the impact of different cloud models, and discussed risk mitigation techniques and policies for both cloud providers and users. Our analysis offers a comprehensive examination of security risks affecting cloud computing, alongside the latest security solutions. Rather than focusing solely on specific issues, we presented a broader perspective on advanced, high-level security frameworks. We outlined multiple strategies for developing a secure, reliable, and cost-effective cloud infrastructure
Advanced AI Mechanics in Unity 3D for Immersive Gameplay: A Study on Finite State Machines & Artificial Intelligence
Get PDFThis research explores the history and operationalization of cutting-edge AI technologies, developed for Unity 3D video engine, in particular how Artificial Intelligence (AI), animation, and FSMs have been used in video games. AI looks at the various elements incorporated in the game design as a means of augmenting the player experience with a focus totally on a game, where the player controls a Paladin character, alongside an array of enemy characters, including skeletons and mutant bosses. The second aspect provides a look at why it is necessary to experiment with such elements from the gamification perspective, with a specific interest in how player experience can be prolonged with these components. It also aims to design these components so that provide players the satisfaction of playing the game, engagement after every session, and most importantly encouraging the players to come back and play the same scenario over and over again. In addition, this dissertation considers the principles and practice of the game in detail assessing how it fits in the category of an immersive experience. We have focused on how integrating FSMs and animation aids in creating smart actions in gaming characters to expound on the interactivity of the player. Because of these observations, AI will be a key factor in the transformation of future game development, which is boosted to raise the current level of gaming by inspiring more impressiveness and repeatability of gameplay
A Blockchain-Based Framework for Secure Public and Sealed-Bid Auctions with AES Encryption
Get PDFE-auctions are a widely adopted form of e-commerce, enabling direct bidding over the Internet. Traditionally, intermediaries play a crucial role in facilitating the auction process, leading to increased transaction costs and potential reliability issues. This paper proposes a blockchain-based solution to enhance transparency, reduce costs, and improve the security of both public and sealed-bid e-auctions. The proposed framework leverages smart contracts to automate key auction parameters such as the auctioneer’s address, start and end times, current winner’s address, and the highest bid, ensuring secure and transparent transactions. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is incorporated to encrypt sensitive auction data, offering robust protection against unauthorized access. The evaluation of this blockchain-based e-auction framework demonstrates significant improvements over traditional systems, including enhanced security (zero security incidents versus 15 per year in traditional systems), increased transparency (100% transaction visibility), and substantial cost reduction (70% reduction in operational costs). Additionally, the system’s scalability, efficiency, and reliability are validated, with performance improvements such as a 1400% increase in transaction throughput and a 75% reduction in auction duration. This research highlights the transformative potential of blockchain technology in modernizing e-auctions, offering a more secure, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to traditional auction platforms
Smart Device to Device Communication in Internet of Things (IoT) Using 5G Networks: A Review: Smart Device To Device Communication
No full textIn future cellular networks, Device 2 Device (D2D) communication is foreseen to assume an essential part as it gives super-low latency to consumer communication. This new model will run on both unlicensed and licensed spectrums. It is a progressive expansion of the conventional worldview of cellular communication. D2D organizing is another innovation that gives the 5G network numerous points of interest, for example, remote shared administrations and more prominent ghostly execution. It is additionally assumed as one of the promising methods for 5G remote system administration applications and is utilized in various zones, for example, public wellbeing, dumping network traffic, government-managed retirement public security, social, and gadgets, for example, military applications and gaming. The benefits are expected in form of technical and business challenges that must be addressed before they are integrated into the cellular ecosystem. In current research, various communication technologies in the IoT ecosystem are compared with different requirements, algorithms, and techniques with a brief overview of their architecture. In order to determine the efficacy of different IoT communication technologies, mathematical modeling is also provided with respect to various parameters, such as delay, SNR, and attenuation. This study describes the effectiveness of 5G-enabled smart device communication in the IoT ecosystem in relation to various algorithms, techniques, and mathematical modeling based on a variety of criteria including Standard Power Consumption, Mesh Network, Speed Range and Frequency
Impact of Parental Participation in Career Exploration Programs on High School Learner’s Self-Concept
Get PDFThis study aims to understand the extent to which parents influence their children\u27s career growth and how it influences their self-concept. In this study, we created a career exploration program in-house, which included both parents and their children. For the sensitization of the parents, two focus group discussion sessions were carried out, proceeded with a 52-item as a self-concept assessment. Using real-world case studies and logical debates, a total of 17 fathers were provided with information throughout the focus group session. After that, a posttest between group design was used to assess the impact of career development intervention on three different groups through highly reliable. A total of 62 adolescents were divided into three experimental group: 30 students were classified as alone, 15 students were partnered with their parents (n = 30), and 17 students were matched with 17 parents who had been educated to the issue through focus group discussions. The outcomes show that kids with informed parents did better than students alone and students with non-sensitised parents in terms of self-concept. Regression equation was found significant (F (1, 60) = 6.745, p=0.012), with an R2 of 0.101, which stated that student’s self-concepts holds 8.6% of the explained variability in Career exploration settings. The study\u27s findings will be useful to policy makers, educators, parents, students, and researchers
Evaluating Future Climate Projections in Upper Indus Basin through GFDL-ESM2M Model
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the future climate projections in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB). The Global Climate Model (GFDL-ESM2M) data was utilized to analyze two variables, namely precipitation and temperatures. The study focused on three distinct time periods: near century (2020-2040), mid-century (2041-2070), and end of century (2071-2099). This process involved the utilization of a downscaling technique that relied on the RCP4.5 scenario. The Mann-Kendall (MK) and Sen\u27s slope estimate test will be employed to analyze the parameters of temperature and precipitation, enabling the identification of yearly, seasonal, and monthly patterns. The application of the MK and Sen\u27s slope estimate approaches revealed a lack of statistical significance in the observed upward trend in yearly precipitation and temperature. Over the course of nearly a century, the average Coefficient of Variation for temperature exhibited a range of -67.5% to 308.9%. During the midcentury period, there was observed variation in the mean monthly rainfall across all months. Notably, the month of March exhibited the highest average rainfall of 274.2mm, while September had the lowest average rainfall of 31.9mm. The data exhibited a positive skewness, suggesting that there was a tendency for higher levels of rainfall towards the end of each month compared to the beginning. The data indicates that there is an upward trend in precipitation throughout the mid-century period in comparison to the near century, but a downward trend is observed towards the conclusion of the century. The temperature readings exhibit a constant upward trend from the early part of the century to the middle of the century, followed by a subsequent increase from the middle of the century to the end of the century. Furthermore, the data revealed that the highest amount of precipitation is experienced during the spring season, whereas the lowest amount of rainfall is recorded during autumn throughout all temporal intervals
Historical Development of Urban Planning Theory: Review and Comparison of Theories in Urban Planning
Get PDFDiscipline of urban planning only developed around a century back with the first academic school at the University of Liverpool in 1909. However, the theory of this discipline is relatively older and might date to varying timelines around various parts of the world. However, modern urban planning discipline has got birth in the US and Western Europe. Early development in the theory of urban planning develops challenges for the cities. In response to such challenges, the planning approaches seem to adapt to the needs of emerging regimes evident from the high-scale urban renovation of Paris by Haussmann. This is called the Progressive Model of Planning wherein planners of the time struggled to deal with the challenges imparted by the Industrial Revolution through scientific and engineering-based knowledge. Early urban planning efforts were mostly anarchist movements that reacted to the social issues of the time and include Garden City, Radiant City, Broadacre, etc. This study sought to present these theoretical considerations with respect to certain development classifications in urban planning. Accordingly, the methodology of the research study comprises the following sections/segments for a better understanding of urban planning at different times:
Pre-History of Urban Planning
Foundational Years
Modernism (Rational Planning)
Post Modernism (Post war suburbia)
Current Era
In short, it is concluded that cities have emerged as a result of conscious decisions. Accordingly, looking into the planning theory requires due consideration of the planning approaches utilized over time. This perceives that planning theory is essentially the study of the decisions made from intuition and that is equally right because planning theory and practice development are in parallel
Frontal System Track Variation and Its Impact on Water Availability in Northern Pakistan Using Remote Sensing and Ground Data During Monsoon Season- 2019
Get PDFPakistan, which is positioned in the South Asian sub-continent, occupies a significant climatological location. It is included among the world\u27s few countries which experience a comprehensive transformation from summer all the way to winter season. The variation in precipitation has direct and significant consequences on society. In this ongoing research, the latitudinal variation in the track of the frontal system and trends in Pakistan during the monsoon period have been examined. Meteorological data (monthly rainfall, maximum temperature, satellite images, upstream data for Tarbela, Mangla, Rasool, and Marala) has been taken to conduct the ongoing research. Consequently, the focus of the study is the frontal weather system that moves North of Pakistan and energizes the monsoon rainfall over the Indus Basin which makes it a source of flooding. The rainfall is the cause of flooding downstream of rivers in the plains of Punjab and Sindh. Varying trends in rainfall were observed across the selected stations in Pakistan. The ongoing research is conducted across Pakistan with Gilgit and Skardu being the cities in Northern Pakistan. Among all the water reservoirs, Tarbela exhibited an increased upstream flow due to the snow melt factor over glaciers in Gilgit and Skardu because of an increase in maximum temperature