International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology
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Service Oriented Architecture for Agriculture System Integration with Ontology
Get PDFOntology is becoming a famous technique for converting unstructured data into meaningful data which acts as a key factor for decision-making, planning, and implementation in many areas, and agriculture is one of them. There are a lot of issues in agriculture practices e.g., farming, application of pesticides, and provision/ distribution of water to crops. However, some of the issues are critical and need to be resolved urgently to save cultivation from big hazards. In this paper, we have analyzed a few issues based on available literature. A variety of issues are faced in agriculture constantly and need to be resolved on an urgent basis. We have discussed the various ontology systems to acquire more precise results. Since ontology is based on a relation of data through which a user can get the maximum efficiency. Among all the challenges in agriculture, the lack of context-aware agriculture employs ontology with high concerns. This paper proposes a model to fill the gap in a service-oriented architecture
Psycho-Social and Morbidity of Substance Use Disorder in Women
Get PDFSubstance abuse disorder is a major and worldwide concern that cursed countries and mankind. Psychosocial factors influences differ across the person and may contribute to the development of physical and mental disorders. The research aimed to investigate the impact of psychological factors (Self-esteem, Depression, Anxiety, and Decision-Making Confidence) and social factors (Childhood Problems, Hostility, Risk-taking, and Social Conformity) that predictors of substance use disorder in women. en cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. Drug Abuse Screaming Test (DAST) and psychosocial functioning scale were used to collect data on women (N=200). The purposive sampling technique was employed for sample selection; moreover, the snowball technique was also used as the drug-addicted women recommended the other women. Results of the study ravels that psychosocial factors were a significant predictor of substance use disorder in women. The finding of the multiple regression analysis reveals that psychosocial factors were significant predictors of substance use disorder in women [R2 =.46, F (1,142)14.26, p<.01]. In conclusion, this study highlights some psychological (Self-esteem, Anxiety, Decision-making confidence) and social factors (Childhood problems, Risk-taking, and social conformity) that are valuable predictors of substance use disorder in women. These findings may help clinicians to develop treatment and policy guidelines for the prevention of drug addiction in women
Flow Analysis of Various Inlet Velocity Profiles on Indoor Temperature for Energy Conservation of HVAC System Using CFD
Get PDFEnergy conservation has been the most popular topic of the modern world. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems consume approximately 10 % of the total energy of world. In order to improve the efficiency of HVAC systems, two dimensional (2D) room with inlet, outlet and heat source has been modeled. ANSYS Fluent has been used for numerical analysis of air flow in a 2D room. User Defined Functions (UDFs), which are coded in C language and hooked in ANSYS fluent, have been used for recording temperature variations and for heat generation within 2D room. Besides studying velocity fields and temperature distributions within indoor environment under specified boundary conditions, reference region for comparative analysis is also selected during Steady State (SS) numerical simulations. During transient analysis, temperature variations of a selected location are recorded for four different scenarios under varying inlet velocity profiles i.e. three for 0°, 30°, 60° angle with 1.3661 m/s velocity and fourth 0° with 2.7322 m/s velocity. Temperature profile of reference region after 1500 sec of transient simulations are compared with the steady state. Temperature profile of the scenario once the air is injected at 30° closely matched with the steady state temperature profile of the selected region. Time for attainment of SS temperature is also measured and compared after transient simulations. SS temperature value was attained twice, first at 240 seconds when the air was injected at 0° with 2.7322 m/s and secondly at 522 seconds when inlet air entered at velocity of 1.3361 m/s at 30°. The power consumption by increasing the fan speed is much higher as compared to the power consumed for changing direction only.
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Assessment and Validation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) Dynamics using Geo-spatial Techniques in Dera Ghazi Khan City, Pakistan
Get PDFThe integrated practice of remote-sensing and GIS techniques provides an active tool for assessment of spatial and temporal variability of land features. Based on literature, it can be suggested that various studies over the recent years have been carried out to explore the potential of geospatial techniques and were found highly efficient to understand the interdependency of landscape changes, land surface temperature changes (LST) and creation of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in major cities around globe. The current research was conducted in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab- Pakistan which is located at latitude 30.04587 N and longitude 70.64029 E. The Landsat 8 TIRS and OLI images were obtained free of cost from USGS e-data portal. These images have already been rectified to WGS-1984-UTM-Zone_43N. The meteorological data file (MTL) for Dera Ghazi Khan- contains the study was acquired from Pakistan Meteorological Department. As per results vegetation cover has been decreased up to 15 % from 2001 to 2021, which was directly affecting the land surface temperature. It has been observed that LST derived from the satellite was closely matched with ground climatic data; there was a mere temperature difference of 2°C to 3°C. It is concluded that LST was negatively correlated with vegetation cover of the area under study. It is suggested to implement road map as provided in Dera Ghazi Khan Master Plan-2021 in order to have a control on unplanned landscape changes, urban evolution and rapid population growth
Machine Learning with Data Balancing Technique for IoT Attack and Anomalies Detection
Get PDFNowadays the significant concern in IoT infrastructure is anomaly and attack detection from IoT devices. Due to the advanced technology, the attack issues are increasing gradually. There are many attacks like Data Type Probing, Denial of Service, Malicious Operation, Malicious Control, Spying, Scan, and Wrong Setup that cause the failure of the IoT-based system. In this paper, several machine learning model performances have been compared to effectively predict the attack and anomaly. The performance of the models is compared with evaluation matrices (Accuracy) and confusion matrix for the final version of the effective model. Most of the recent studies performed experiments on an unbalanced dataset; that is clear that the model will be biased for such a dataset, so we completed the experiments in two forms, unbalanced and balanced data samples. For the unbalanced dataset, we have achieved the highest accuracy of 98.0% with Generalized Linear Model as well as with Random Forest; Unbalanced dataset means most of the chances are that model is biased, so we have also performed the experiments with Random Under Sampling Technique (Balancing Data) and achieved the highest accuracy of 94.3% with Generalized Linear Model. The confusion matrix in this study also supports the performance of the Generalized Linear Model.
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Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration using Regionally Calibrated Hargreaves-Samani Equation
Get PDFEvapotranspiration (ETO) is a significant module in water-balance, irrigation scheduling and estimation of crop water requirement models. ETO can be adequately assessed when meteorological data are accessible to implement robust and strong models such as FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM). However, due to data insufficiency, substitute methodologies are essential. In this context, this study aims to calculate ETO from regionally calibrated Hargreaves-Samani (HSCAL), Hargreaves-Samani (HS) and Hargreaves methods which base on Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Solar Radiation (SR). SR was calculated from empirical formulas and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30m Digital Elevation Model (DEM). HSCAL uses SR which calculated from empirical formulas as an input, whereas HS and Hargreaves uses SR which calculated from the SRTM 30m DEM. LST was calculated from Landsat8 (LS8) thermal band for all three methods. Furthermore, ETO obtained from the HSCAL (ETO,HSCAL) was compared with standard FAO-ETO values and after verification HSCAL treated as standard for the verification of the remaining two methods on various Land Use Land Cover (LULC) types. Results of comparison between ETO,HSCAL and standard FAO-ETO shows that mostly values are within the range but lower side. Comparison also disclose that vegetation and built-up LULC are the best and worst case respectively. Further, ETO,HSCAL values are mostly fall within lower class of the ranges during the monsoon season (August-September). Further, the performance of the HS and Hargreaves are evaluated based on statistical indicators; Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Correlation Coefficient (R2). ETO values of HS (ETO,HS) and Hargreaves (ETO,H) are underestimated in the sami-arid climate zone. The mean values of all statistical indicators are lower for ETO,HS in comparison to ETO,H when ETO,HSCAL is used to compare ETO,H with ETO,HS. It indicates that, in comparison to ETO,H, ETO,HS is close to ETO,HSCAL
Role of Geospatial Technology in Crime Mapping & Analysis: A Case Study of District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFCrime is a social stigma that needs to be addressed beyond talks. The use of geospatial information technology has become well recognized within the fields of forensic sciences and criminology, especially in the developed world. The current study is an attempt to analyze the distribution and trends of various crime types, including rape, murder, baby kidnapping, vehicle theft, and dacoity in district of Kasur Punjab, Pakistan during the year 2021. (Police station wise crime data) was collected from the District Police Office (DPO), Kasur and interpolation technique was applied and several maps were generated, including crime type, crime rate, and crime density with in study area and statistical illustrations were down users Microsoft Excel software suite. Murder crimes were found highest in the vicinity of Sadar Kasur police station whereas lowest in the vicinity of City Pattoki police station. Alla abad police station reported the highest rape crimes, whereas the lowest crime rate was found in the jurisdiction of Theh Sheikham. Kidnapping were highest in Sadar Kasur and Kot Radhakishen police stations’ vicinity, while it was found to be the lowest in the The Sheikham police station’s jurisdiction. Ganda Singh Wala, Kangan Pur, and Sadar Chunian had the lowest number of vehicle theft, whereas the city Pattoki and Sadar Kasur police stations recorded the highest dacoity crime. The present study suggests that the use of geospatial technology within the study area and beyond by the law enforcement departments can effectively enhance crime control and can help to maintain law and order situations
Charging Stations Distribution Optimization using Drones Fleet for Disaster Prone Areas
Get PDFA disaster is an unforeseen calamity that causes damage to property or brings about a loss of human life. Quick response and rapid distribution of vital relief items into the affected region could save precious lives. In this regard, disaster management comes into play, which is highly dependent on the topography of the disaster-hit area. If the disaster-hit area has little or no road connectivity, the use of drones in such areas becomes essential for the delivery of health packages. Since the battery capacity of the drone is limited, there is a need of charging stations that should be transported using road infrastructure and pre-installed in disaster-prone areas, as access to these areas may be denied once the disaster hits. In this article, a simulation model was used to optimize the number and location of drone charging stations for deployment in a disaster-prone area in the pre-disaster scenario, aiming at the distribution of relief items to disaster-hit areas in the post-disaster scenario. We consider the relative priority of locations where a preference is given to the locations that have higher priority levels. An optimal number of charging stations and optimal routes have also been determined by using our optimization model. To illustrate the use of our model, numerical examples have been simulated for different sizes of the disaster-hit area and the number of targets. In our numerical simulation, it was observed that the drone\u27s maximum distance capacity is the key factor in determining the optimal grid size, which directly correlates to the number of charging stations.
Development and Validation of Parental Attachment Styles Scale for Adolescents
Get PDFObjective: To construct an instrument and establish psychometric properties to measure parental attachment styles for adolescents in Urdu language
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in the Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Pakistan, . 20. 20. 20. 20 2019 to Jan. 5 Jan. Jan. 5 5 2021.
Material and Methods: Initial item pool (150 items), based on Ainsworth et al. (1985) attachment styles theory, intensive review of the literature, and focus group interviews (Girls=30, Boys=30. Among the 141 items, shortened by an expert panel, the pilot study retained 137 reliable items for final administration. Furthermore, 1200 adolescents (12-19 years) from the community and educational institutions were approached to gather information in district Gujrat..ereh here data was analyzed with the help of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis on SPSS-22 and Amos-22. F
Results: Exploratory factor analysis on SPSS-22 explored 38 reliable items for the Parental Attachment Styles scale under three -sub-factors; Secure Attachment, Anxious-Resistance Attachment, and Anxious-Avoidant Attachment, whereas 15 items were confirmed for the final instrument through model fit (P-value=.000, CFI=.947, GFI=.947, AGFI= .927, RMSEA=.064) of Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
Conclusion: An assessment tool in the Urdu language to estimate Parental Attachment Styles for adolescents is competently developed and validated with 15 items and three sub-scales
Risk Factors Associated with Very Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) is due to multiple gestations and reproductive-assisted techniques. Neonatal complications mainly arise in infants with VLBW and Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW). The main objective was to study the risk factors associated with VLBW and to conduct a meta-analysis.
Methods: A meta-analysis was done to present the most recent risk variables for VLBW. Electronic databases were searched for information on the suggested topic. Using STATA version 14, the relevant data was extracted, and statistical analysis was conducted.
Results: A total number of 112 studies have been conducted on the topic of VLBW worldwide from 2000 to 2020. Information from many parts of the world was evaluated in which GDP or per capita income, age, and education were followed in prominent regions of the world. As GDP and education level improved, the nutritional status also improved. Fifteen studies have been identified, with five meeting the inclusion criteria for the metanalysis of VLBW <1500g in developing countries. Illiteracy, poverty, mother occupation, hypocalcemia, and hypoglycemia were the common risk factors of VLBW (<0.05).
Conclusion: It was identified that per-capita GDP is inversely proportional to VLBW throughout the world. VLBW in America was found to be significant when compared with central Europe (<0.005), similarly with Southern Europe (<0.03), Northern Europe (<0.00001), Asia (<0.0001), and Africa (<0.0001). Unlike per capita GDP, VLBW was insignificantly related to maternal age in all regions except Africa, where VLBW was significantly associated with maternal age (p<0.0001). In developing countries, illiteracy, poverty, mother occupation, hypocalcemia, and hypoglycemia are the common risk factors for VLBW (<0.05) as the complications related to VLBW are at a high-risk rate, so it is recommended that VLBW babies require special care at the time of birth, especially in poor economic countries