International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology
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Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale and its Psychometric Properties
Get PDFAutism spectrum disorder scale was developed for the use of diagnoses purpose of autism. This scale is consisting of 15 items in Pakistan’s indigenous language Urdu. Most autism assessment tools are available in English and were developed by Western cultures; however, when those tools are used in different cultures, biased results can be evident. So, a culture-friendly tool was dire need to be developed. A scale was developed and administered to individuals (N=143) with autism using standard procedures from item pooling to standardization of scale. The sample was selected from different cities in Pakistan through a convenient sampling technique. Rotated component matrix analysis, factors loading, sample adequacy KMO and CFI tests were performed using SPSS and AMOS. The convergent validity test demonstrated that there is a significant correlation (r=0.81, p=.00) at the 0.01 alpha level with CARS on the sample of n=50. The indigenous scale also confirmed good test-retest reliability (r=0. 950, p=.000) at a 0.01 alpha level, which indicated that the scale is a valid and reliable measure for diagnosing individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. This scale can be used by researchers, psychologists, and psychiatrists for the general population to measure the prevalence and for diagnosis
Impact of Behavioral and Psychosocial Factors on Relapse among Persons with Substance Use Disorder
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to explore the impact of behavioral factors on relapse among drug addicts and moderating role of psychological factors. The study was carried out on male drug addicts from different cities in Punjab. The sample was comprised of (N = 200) male drug addicts. The sample was selected by using purposive sampling. The General Health Questionnaire, Patient Depression Questionnaire PHQ-9, Drug Abuse Screening Test-10, Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale, Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and The Advance Warning of Relapse Questionnaire were used in the current study. Alpha coefficients and correlation matrix for all variables were computed. Moderation analysis further revealed that perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and warning of relapse. The family function also moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and the sign of degeneration. It was found that Perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between alcohol and drug abuse severity and warning of relapse
Development and Psychometric Properties of Adult Ostracism Scale
Get PDFThe main objective of the current research was the development of the ostracism scale in the Urdu language to shed the light on this invisible harassment and abuse which is the most ignored part of society yet a very common method to exclude people from social groups. A total of 40 items developed through an adequate process with the help of William’s need and threat model. A sample of 200 participants in the age range of 18 to 40 years was selected for data collection through a simple random sampling technique. After analysis, the sample adequacy was 0.915 with 4 factors including self-esteem, control, meaningful existence and belonging which are the four fundamental needs of humans. CFA is .903 with the removal of 18 items in the scale and sample adequacy of the remaining 22 items of the scale is .924 with reliability of α = .937. 7 items subscale “self-esteem” reliability value is α = .866, 6 items subscale “control” reliability is 8.25, 5 items subscale “meaningful existence” reliability value is α = 844 and 4 items subscale “belonging” reliability value is α = .704. In Pakistani culture, it is very common to exclude someone without giving attention to the psychological factors the excluded person will face. This research will provide a direction to further research and awareness about ostracism which is rarely known by individuals but yet faces every day
Trauma, Helplessness, and Quality of Life among Arthritis Patients Moderated by Perceived Social Support
Get PDFThe study explores trauma and helplessness to explore quality of life among arthritis patients moderated by perceived social support. It was a cross-sectional study conducted at different hospital communities in district Gujrat. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 385 participants. The instruments used were demographic form, Post-Traumatic stress disorder scale, arthritis helplessness index, world Health \u27sQuality of Life scale, and multidimensional Social support scale. For the Analysis of the data, multiple regression and structure equation modeling hasused. The result has confirmed [R²=.676 F (1, 383) = 106.7, p<.01] that trauma, helplessness, and social support was the predictor of Quality of life with 45.7% variance. The .E.M.S.E.M. model has significantly established the relationship among variables. The CMIN/DF was 2.10, a value less than three indicate the best-fitted model..The value of G.F.I., A.G.F.I., and CFI, are 0.957, 0.932, and 0.945, respectivelyThis shows that the Model is best fitted if this value is greater than 0.90. The regression estimates of trauma predicting social support were 0.083(P=.043), and helplessness was 0.229 (P=0.000). It established the fact that a one-unit increase in trauma will lead to an increase in social support by 0.083 and helplessness by 0.229. The regression estimates of Quality of life predicting helplessness -0.003 (P= 0.765), which indicates a non-significant inverse relationship . The regression estimates of Quality of life predicting social support and trauma were 0.052 (P=0.000) and -0.01(P=0.780), respectively. It established the fact that Quality of life determines social support by 0.052, whereas trauma was inversely non-significant
Evaluating Artificial Intelligence and Statistical Methods for Electric Load Forecasting
Get PDFElectric Load Forecasting (ELF) is one of the challenges being faced by the Power System industry. With the ever-growing consumer demand, power generating companies struggle to manage and provide an uninterrupted power supply to the users. Over the past few decades, the introduction of smart grids and power deregulation has changed load forecasting dynamics. Most of the current research focuses on short-term load forecasting (STLF), involving an hour to a week’s time forecasting. Various techniques are being used for accurately predicting the electric load. However, gold standards are yet to be defined mainly because of the subject\u27s variety, non-linearity, and un-predictive form. In this study critical review of 25 publications has been carried out to find the most efficient method for ELF. The novelty of this study is that comparative and scientific analyses are carried out to find the most proficient techniques for load forecasting. Also, various parameters are combined for comparison in this study after analyzing published reviews on the subject. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) models outperform other methods basing upon statistical analysis, i.e., Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and comparative acceptance, in the research community.
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Efficacy of Flood relief measures - 2010: A case study of district Layyah, Punjab-Pakistan
No full textIn 2010, Pakistan experienced a massive flood that took the lives of 1985 individuals, in addition to causing huge damage to livestock, shelters, and domestic goods. Multiple local and international organizations extended support to the victims of the 2010 Pakistan flood. Beside relief support, media highly criticized their relief activities. The study was conducted in the district of Layyah, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The study primarily aims at determining aspects of the flood relating to: ground situation and extent of damages, quality of services provided by the government and non-government organizations (NGOs). The study gathers data and analysis of data was carried out with simple statistical techniques. Ground situation in the country appeared alarming: flood affected 160,000 square kilometer of land, damaged to crop approached US$ 0ne billion, and affected around 20 million people. In the study area 40 % of livestock could not survive, 94.5 % houses were completed abolished and 38.7 % of domestic goods were heavily damaged. District government role was appreciated by 66.4 % of the respondents. Around 50 % of the respondents reported against the performance of the Provincial Disaster Management Authority and National Disaster Management Authority. 96.2 % of the respondents recognized the role of NGOs while respondents suggested working of NGOs through district governments.
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A Geospatial Analysis of Shishper Glacier Surge-Upper Hunza Gilgit Baltistan
Get PDFGlaciers can be an important indicator of climate change. In Pakistan, glaciers are found in the Northern Part of the country. In this study, we have discussed the occurrence of surge velocity, lake formation, and outburst of Shisper Glacier, Hunza, Gilgit, and Baltistan. To conduct this study satellite remote sensing techniques have been used. For this purpose, Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 have been downloaded for 2015-2019. While to examine the elevation difference ASTER 2000 and SRTM 2014 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have been downloaded, along with this other remote sensing analyses were applied including temporal change, land cover, and morphometric analysis including indices Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). It has been analyzed that Ice-Dammed Lake formed in November 2018, which is the greatest threat to the study area as it can cause glacial lake outbursts and the volume of the lake is showing a continuous increase from 2018- to 2020. The land cover change indicated that snow area has increased about 35% from 2015 to 2018 along with an increase in debris glacier by about 20%. Whereas, a decrease in vegetation was observed up to 2% in 3 years. This study concludes that snow and clear glacier are enlarged over time. Taking into account our research, our suggestion is obligatory stride should be taken to keep away from the disastrous occurrence in the Shisper glacier.
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A Smart Contract Approach in Pakistan Using Blockchain for Land Management
Get PDFManagement of land records includes actions such as registration and transfer of property ownership. For many nations, land ownership and management are important sources of income. Corrupted spans from small-scale payments to large-scale cause an abuse for government. In the literature, a number of concerns have been raised about Land Record Management. There are several problems with Land Record Management in developing nations, such as tampering with land records and no methods of retrieving a full property ownership record, operating multiple linked Land Record Management Systems independently, etc. Traditional land record management solutions do not solve these challenges. We propose a Blockchain-based Land Record Management system for Pakistan to solve these concerns. It has been decided to use the suggested system, and the specifics of its implementation are described in this thesis.
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Diversity and Conservation of Avian Fauna in Daphar Forest Sanctuary, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan
Get PDFBiodiversity is representative of a healthy ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities, including habitat degradation, hunting, and fragmentation, are major circumstances which results in species extinction. The present study was conducted to explore avian fauna and role of Daphar Forest Sanctuary, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan, in its conseration. Study was carried out for 12 months, and 12 visits were made during 1st January 2020 – 31st December 2020. The visits were paused during periods of rain or high wind. Sampling was done by direct count method. A total of 2999 avian population were observed during the study. An overall population was composed of 12 orders, 20 families, 28 genera, and 32 species. Relative Abundance was calculated highest for family Sturnidae, 12.94% (N = 388) of birds, and order Passerine 54.95% (N = 1648). Simpson Diversity index (SDI) value was 0.95, Shannon Weiner Diversity Index value was 3.224 that, showed high diversity of avian fauna. However, evenness was 0.78, which showed an even distribution was found among birds population. It was noticed that Sanctuary faces drastic pollution which results in complications for the native wildlife. It was concluded scientific activities and researches were legalized in the respective wildlife sanctuary so that more information is gathered about the wildlife thriving in these areas
Statistical Evaluation of Environmental Factors as Diabetogenic Agent in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental factors affecting individuals with diabetes. A study was conducted among diabetes patients at the Lahore General Hospital\u27s outdoor clinic. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire after getting approval of patients being interviewed. SPSS 25.0 was utilized for analysis. Total 1000 people were chosen, 500 of whom were diabetic patients and the rest were non-diabetic. Environmental factors were investigated in a 1000-person research of diabetics and non-diabetics. To determine the relationship between patients with diabetes and environmental factors, the Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the effects of age, BMI, and sugar level fasting. The findings reveal that environmental factors play crucial effects on patients in term of age, BMI, and sugar level. I also used the odds ratio on diabetic and non-diabetic patients who have the Stroke, TIA, hypertension, and other environmental factors. The study revealed that diabetes is more persistent in industrial and urban region as 60% of the population living in these areas are under risk of diabetes. Moreover, the results showed that nearly 62% tap water consumers in rural areas were diabetic while 38% filtered water consumers in urban areas were diabetic. Smoking caused diabetes in nearly 22% people, 28% people suffered due to utilization of homeopathic medicines while 35% diabetic patients were found multivitamin consumers. Furthermore, the study depicted that among 1000 individuals under study, 56 % females were diabetic due to environmental factors. Diabetes has a direct relationship with the environment experienced by a patient.
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