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Compendium of journal publications documenting the research conducted under a Ministry of Earth Sciences Research Grant (NIAS/NSE/EECP/U/RR/12/2024)
No full textQuantized Redshift and its Significance for Recent Observation
No full textWith the recent observational evidence in extragalactic astronomy, the interpretation of the nature of quasar redshift continues to be a research interest. Very high redshifts are being detected for extragalactic objects that are presumably very distant and young while also exhibiting properties that are characteristic of a more mature galaxy such as ours. According to Halton Arp and Geoffrey Burbidge, redshift disparities consist of an intrinsic component and are related to an evolutionary process. Karlsson observed redshift periodicity at integer multiples of 0.089 in log scale and Burbidge observed redshift periodicity at integer multiples of 0.061 in linear scale. Since Singular Value Decomposition based periodicity estimation is known to be superior for noisy data sets, especially when the data contain multiple harmonics and overtones, mainly irregular in nature, we have chosen it to be our primary tool for analysis of the quasar-galaxy pair redshift data. We have observed a fundamental periodicity of 0.051 with a confidence interval of 95% in linear scale with the site-available Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) quasar-galaxy pair data set. We have independently generated quasar-galaxy pair data sets from both 2dF and SDSS and found fundamental periodicities of 0.077 and 0.089, respectively, in log scale with a confidence interval of 95%
A New scenario framework for equitable and climate-compatible futures
No full textThis paper demonstrates a modelling approach and scenario framework for global burden-sharing, that foregrounds questions of climate and energy justice. We classify 134 countries into four development categories based on thirteen indicators. Using the quadratic plateau model, we estimate that an energy threshold of 94 GJ and an income threshold of USD 28,500 are necessary for meeting sustained levels of development in health, education, and infrastructure. We construct baseline scenarios for convergence to these and other threshold values drawn from the literature. Emissions constraints are then imposed in the form of the remaining carbon budget corresponding to the temperature targets of the Paris Agreement to assess the degree of energy-emissions and energy-GDP decoupling required to meet them. Our results show that limiting warming to 1.5°C requires higher effort across all regions, with the global effort remaining similar across scenarios. However, the distribution of the global effort across development categories varies significantly, depending on whether energy and climate equity are considered. The mitigation burden for the highest development category is almost six times higher if climate equity is considered. In contrast, the effort required by the least developed category is doubled if climate equity is compromised
Ancient Valabhi: A Remote Sensing Perspective
No full textBetween the fifth and eighth centuries CE, the ancient city of Valabhi occupied a very significant spot in the cultural geography of the Saurashtra region (the landmass between the Gulfs of Kutch and Khambat) of Gujarat, India. Vallabhipur, a city roughly 30 km inland to the west of the Gulf of Khambat has been identified with ancient Valabhi, which was the administrative capital of the Maitraka dynasty during this time span. Apart from being the capital of Maitrakas, Valabhi was also a very important centre for Buddhism and trade as has been attested through the existence of numerous monasteries that dotted this ancient capital and its environs according to the Copper Plate Grants issued by the Maitraka sovereigns, and also by seventh century CE records of Chinese visitors such as Xuanzang and Yijing (Beal in Buddhist Records of the Western World, Trubner and Co, London, 1884, Schmiedchen in Endowm Stud 5:107–134, 2021). By analysing historical literature, remote sensing data, and utilizing geospatial analytics, the study seeks to determine the presence of fortification in the ancient capital and locations of certain monastic establishments within the environs of the city of Vallabhipur. Additionally, it examines the geomorphological changes in the surrounding landscape, as the site is believed to have served as a port during the period from the fifth to eighth centuries CE. The present paper describes the findings from a multidisciplinary research including historical literature review, geospatial analyses and field visit for ground verification
Humanistic Leadership for India in an AI Driven World: A Unique Programme for Leaders and Decision-Makers. (26-30 August 2024)
No full textMaoist Conflict in India: A Critique of State Response
No full textIn its close to six decades of existence, the Maoist insurgency has evolved in many shapes and forms, and so has the Indian state’s response to it. Over the years, there has been substantial addition to the existing policies in effectively addressing the issues emanating from the conflict between the Maoists and the Indian state. This chapter investigates the state’s response to the Maoists. In doing so, it analyses four significant responses of the successive governments in India (security, development, ensuring rights and entitlements, surrender and rehabilitation, and public perception management). While reflecting on the strengths and drawbacks of each of these responses, the chapter also focuses on the more significant debate on how the Maoist insurgents and the Indian state interact. The chapter ends with policy recommendations that could help minimize the conflict
Preliminary investigation of the methods of making bone tools: an experimental archaeology perspective
No full textTwinning in wild, endangered lion-tailed macaques Macaca silenus in the Anamalai Hills of the Western Ghats, India
No full textMany primate species show various behavioural and ecological adaptations to provisioning, one of which is the unusual occurrence of twins. Here, we report observations on two pairs of surviving twins in lion-tailed macaques Macaca silenus in the Anamalai Hills of the Western Ghats, India. The Puthuthottam population of lion-tailed macaques has historically been restricted to a rainforest fragment measuring 92 ha, situated adjacent to human settlements. Over the last 10 years, however, several groups from this population have begun to directly interact with the local human communities, visiting settlements at a rate of 0.52 events/day and exploiting various anthropogenic food resources. We followed and opportunistically collected behavioural ad libitum data on two sets of twins for a year, between March 2019 and March 2020. Both of the mothers were primarily terrestrial, although the mother with the younger set of twins also used the tree canopy and other precarious substrates, such as cables. Although two previous cases of twinning have been reported in this population, one in the late 1990s and one between 2000 and 2002, neither of those sets of twins survived beyond a few weeks, with at least one infant in each pair dying of unknown causes. We discuss, but discount, the possibility that one of the infants in either set of twins was an adoptee. Our observations indicate that some lion-tailed macaque twins can survive under free-ranging conditions if they receive adequate care from their biological mother or another female. Our findings also provide further evidence of increased rates of twinning as a consequence of dietary changes in synanthropic non-human primate populations
