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Environmental Security Complex in the Hindu-Kush Himalayas: A Regional Perspective
Full text linkThe Hindu-Kush Himalayas (HKH) mountains that sustain billions of livelihoods are facing transboundary environmental threats including climate change, natural disasters, air pollution, and food and water insecurity that transcend political borders. Environmental threats have, however, remained at the periphery of security discourse. By employing the ‘Theory of Regional Security Complex’ the article looks at the evolution of a security complex in the environmental sector and how it is projected to evolve further in the backdrop of increasing environmental insecurities. It argues for interdependence among States concerning transboundary environmental threats and situates the relevance of the environmental sector in the heavily politicized and militarized HKH
Circular male migration, rural-urban linkages and household food security in India
No full textThis chapter looks at ways in which male circular migration as a household livelihood strategy affects food access among rural households in India. Circular male labour migration is the dominant form of labour mobility in many parts of India. This migration pattern creates important rural-urban linkages through income transfers and alters within-household gender power relations. This chapter analyses the bearing of these dynamics of migration on household food security, with the larger objective of bridging the divide that currently exists between migration and food security agendas in global development research and practice
Shared rides, fragmented rules: Fixing India’s paratransit framework
Full text linkParatransit refers to a broad spectrum of privately owned vehicles that fill the gaps left by mass public transport. This includes mini-buses serving as metro feeders, auto-rickshaws, shared cabs, bike taxis, and on-demand aggregators. Globally, there is a growing adoption of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), which integrates multiple transit modes into a single digital interface for planning, booking, and payment. MaaS prioritises commuter convenience and system efficiency over legacy hierarchies and siloed services. Its success depends on clean technology, open-data systems, and digital payments
Migration, urbanization and food security in the global south: evidence from urban India (NIAS/SSc/IHD/U/RR/02/2025)
Full text linkThis report looks at the linkages between migration, urbanisation and food security in India. Urban-centric nature of India’s recent economic growth is driving millions of rural dwellers to seek livelihoods in cities. But urban expansion is occurring without decent jobs which can make rural-urban migrants vulnerable to food and nutritional insecurity. Using a case-study approach involving primary survey with nearly 600 low-skilled migrant workers in the fast- growing city of Bengaluru, this research shows overall high levels of food insecurity among migrants and argues that food research and policy agendas in India that have hitherto focused on rural areas must expand to cities and towns where food and nutritional insecurity are increasingly concentrated
Parental magma and mantle source compositions of chromitites in the Mesoarchean Nuggihalli greenstone belt, India: evidence for Archean subduction zone magmatism
No full textSustainability of Coal Mining in India—Challenges and Way Forward
No full textCoal is the main source of fuel for electricity generation in India. A multidisciplinary ‘Unified Authority' to be created for granting forest, environment clearances, monitoring all activities during mining operation and mine closure. A ‘Sustainable Mining Code' should be enacted to empower the ‘Unified Authority' for sustainable mining operations
Quality of technical and vocational education and training in India: A study of manufacturing industries
No full textIn India, Industrial Training Institutes and Polytechnic colleges are among the oldest Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions, producing a skilled workforce for various industries. TVET programme are offered primarily through diploma courses in Polytechnics, Industrial Training Institutes, and apprenticeship certificates. Polytechnics and Industrial Training Institutes are primary hubs for TVET training. The core objective of TVET sector is to develop a workforce ready for employment in local, national, and global markets. Moreover, these institutions play a vital role in tackling youth unemployment. However, India's TVET system continues to face longstanding challenges including structural constraints and quality concerns that hinder the employability of technically trained graduates. Based primarily on the responses and insights of employees of manufacturing industries, this study assesses the competence of TVET programme offered across different training institutes in India
Trends of leading pollutant in a highly polluted global city: processes involved
No full textThe impact of air pollution mitigation policies needs to be studied by evaluating long-term trends of lead pollutant to determine air quality index, the particulate matter (PM). A decade of SAFAR (System of Air quality and weather Forecasting And Research) observations revealed that the trend of particulate matter (PM) with size < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and size < 10 µm (PM10), respectively, in a highly polluted global city, Delhi, shows a reduction of − 3.12 ± 0.52 µg/m3/year (− 4.68 ± 0.84 µg/m3/year) or overall, 28.8% (25.2%) reduction between 2011 and 2022 due to the implementation of eco-friendly technologies and strict industrial regulation despite doubling of number of vehicles. Seasonal negative trends during post-monsoon of PM2.5 (− 4.64 ± 2.68 µg/m3/year) and PM10 (− 8.64 ± 2.68 µg/m3/year) are significantly higher than that in other seasons. PM2.5 and PM10 show a relatively higher negative trend during winter (− 2.94 ± 1.08 µg/m3/year) and pre-monsoon (− 4.86 ± 2.07 µg/m3/year), respectively. The influence of dust storms, fire counts, and annual rainy days on PM trends is discussed. The contribution of meteorology to the trend is estimated using the WRF-Chem simulation of PM2.5 for October when maximum stubble burning occurs in Haryana and Punjab regions and gets transported to Delhi by upwind flow. The model is run for the post-monsoon month (October) with the meteorological initial conditions of 2018, 2015, and 2011 while keeping the emissions of 2018 with identical model configuration and found that meteorology contributes 9.8%, while the observed decline in PM2.5 is 28.8% during 2011–2022. The study identifies the governmental control measures at various levels and green initiatives as the significant contributors to air quality improvement during 2011–2022
