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The Dos Tanques, Dos Fuentes Locality: A Report
Get PDFThe Dos Tanques, Dos Fuentes locality is a low lying area of Cedar Mesa in the southern part of the Bears Ears NM, in SE Utah. This report is on the archaeology of that area and in particular the results of fieldwork carried out in 1991. “The Cedar Mesa Project” (CMP) was an archaeological project initiated in 1971 (Lipe and Matson 1971, Matson 1991:73- 101), directed by William Lipe and me and funded by the National Science Foundation in 1972 (Lipe and Matson 1972) and 1974 (Lipe and Matson 1974). We ran large field projects in 1972 through late 1975 (Matson and Lipe 1975, 1978, Matson, Lipe and Haase, 1988, 1990). A closely related contract project was directed by Lipe in 1976 (Lipe, Matson and Powers (1977). This project provided the impetus for a variety of other archaeological researches in later years, continuing into the 2020s. The Dos Tanques, Dos Fuentes (DTDF or Dos Tanques) investigation consisted of fieldwork in 1991 and a short visit in 1992 all funded by a grant to Matson and Dohm in 1991 by the Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) (Matson and Dohm 1990, Matson and Dohm 1994)
Assessment of global land cover changes using satellite data: intermittent and long-term land cover changes from 2001 to 2020
Get PDFGlobal land cover has changed during the past decades, influencing biogeochemical cycles and the global climate system. This study aimed to improve understanding of global land cover dynamics to enable more effective future land management practices and conservation actions. This study quantified interannual changes in global land cover types from 2001 to 2020 and distinguished intermittent transitions from stable gains and losses. From the interannual perspective, we found that global barren lands, forests, shrublands, and snow-covered areas decreased by 5281, 1804, 952, and 188 kha yr-1, respectively. In contrast, grasslands, croplands, urban areas, and water bodies increased at 6529, 1407, 237, and 51 kha yr-1, respectively, from 2001 to 2020. According to the definitions provided in this paper, of the global forest areas, 75% was Stable (no change), 4% was Gain, 5% was Loss, and 16% was Unstable. Of the cropland areas, 56% was Stable, 9% was Gain, 9% was Loss, and 26% was Unstable. Hotspots for forest loss were Brazil, the Rest of South America, and Sub-Saharan Africa, and grassland was the most common land cover classification following forest loss. The global cropland expansion hotspots were Brazil, Canada, China, India, and the Rest of South America. The cropland gains were mainly converted from grasslands. On the other hand, barren areas in China and Middle Eastern and North Africa were changed to grasslands. A certain amount of shrublands were changed to forest in temperate regions. This paper provided land cover changes at a 500 m spatial resolution as a benchmark for future assessments. The findings showed that unstable pixels play an important role in determining the sources of uncertainty when assessing land cover changes using satellite data. Land cover assessments are sensitive to the time steps used for analysis and the definition of changes
The Horn in Relation to the Jazz Genre
Get PDFThis project explores how the horn is used in jazz music, along with different ways the jazz style is implemented in the horn repertoire. This project involves transcribing, recording, editing, and performing. This project is centered around understanding the relationships that exist between the genre of jazz and the horn. The recording element represents various components of this relationship. This recording includes five different tracks of various instrumentation. These tracks are Happy Blues by Nagy Zsolt, Wild Indigo by Thomas Bacon, Take Five by the Dave Brubeck Quartet, Suite for Horn and Piano by Alec Wilder, and Blues and Variations for Monk by David Amram. Some tracks have obtainable music, but others were transcribed or arranged myself. Two of these tracks will be transcribed or arranged. For this project, I had to learn all the music and rehearse it with the collaborating musicians on the project. After recording, the individual takes were evaluated, selected, and edited together to produce the resulting track. The goals of this project entail more advocacy and representation for the horn in jazz, learn more about transcribing and arranging for jazz, and to learn more about the recording aspect of musicianship. Also understanding the relationship between the horn and the jazz genre
How to Transition from Baritone to Tenor Voice
Get PDFIt is important that teachers and singers understand that their voice category may change throughout their vocal development; singers should not be concerned if this occurs. While this issue occurs in all voice types, it can be especially difficult for young male voices to comprehend. This paper will address common issues that arise when determining a voice type in young males. The anatomy of the voice will be explained, followed by some suggested pedagogical approaches to developing a free and healthy phonation to allow the voice to develop naturally. Finally, some repertoire suggestions will be made to assist young male voices in transitioning from baritone to tenor as their voices develop
Mason County 4-H News Blast, June 2025
No full text4-H newsletter for Washington State University Extension in Mason County, Washington state
A Statutory Analysis of the Legal Landscape of Police Decertification
Get PDFOfficer misconduct costs agencies and communities resources every year and erodes public trust by damaging police-community relations. A critical accountability mechanism to prevent the phenomenon of officers fired for misconduct from being rehired by other agencies is the process of police decertification. Decertifications are the revocation of an officer’s certification by state law procedure, after which no agency in the state can hire a decertified individual legally. This analysis presents a comprehensive descriptive comparison and overview of police decertification laws across all 50 U.S. states, examining their scope, restrictiveness, and other correlates as of June 2025. While all states except Rhode Island have some form of decertification system, only 38% codify these procedures in statutes, while the majority rely on administrative codes. The study identifies substantial variation in decertifiable conduct, assessing eleven types of misconduct decertifiable by the law, ranging from felony convictions decertifiable in 97.92% of states to broader categories like unprofessional conduct decertifiable in 79.17% states and dishonesty, which is decertifiable in 77.08%. Around 47.9% of states maintain narrow, while 16.7% adopt expansive standards. Despite these frameworks, enforcement gaps persist, and only 27.08% of states expressly penalize agencies for failing to report misconduct in their laws, and 45.83% allow recertification, though most recertifications are conditional. The implications of this comparative analysis are examined, and the results are discussed
AFRICAN IMMIGRANT PARENT VOICES THE ROLE OF PARENT AND FAMILY ENGAGEMENT IN EQUITABLE EDUCATION
Get PDFParental involvement in children’s education has been shown to be associated with academic achievement and positive development. Parents’ commitment to the education of their children both in and out of school has been positively correlated with student learning behavior and academic outcomes. Literature on parental engagement, however, has tended to prioritize forms and contexts that reflect the dominant groups in society. This has left non-dominant parents’ involvement with less space for contribution. This study focused on the voices and experiences of African Immigrant Parents on the education of their children in the United States. Specifically, this study examined their perceptions regarding equitable education, how they are engaged in their student’s education, and the ways in which they prefer to be engaged in their student’s education. The study envisioned an approach that was inclusive and brought out the different perspectives African parents hold about what parent engagement and family engagement is in equitable education. This study aimed to provide a focused analysis of the experiences of African Immigrant Parents, which is an understudied area in the educational research literature, which often conflates their experiences with those of Black or African American parents. This research study utilized a qualitative research methodology for the purpose of investigation. The data collection methodologies that were used in this study included in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The data collected was analyzed using thematic analysis
Sampling Methods and Distribution of Figitid Parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii in Washington State
Get PDFClassical biological control is a control method favored for combatting invasive pests, which often arrive in the invaded range without their complement of predators and parasitoids. This method typically involves foreign exploration for natural enemies in the native range, establishing their efficacy, screening for impact on nontarget species, obtaining a permit for release, and rearing in sufficient quantities for releases. This method has been applied to a relatively recent invasive pest of the continental United States, spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura; Diptera: Drosophilidae). Two candidate parasitoids were identified in this process, Ganaspis kimorum Buffington and Leptopilina japonica Novković & Kimura (Hymenoptera: Figitidae). Concurrent with the issuing of a permit for one candidate parasitoid, G. kimorum, adventive populations of both species were found in Washington. I developed two studies to support biological control efforts for D. suzukii: 1) evaluating sampling methods for figitid parasitoids and 2) determining their distribution and phenology in Washington state. The sampling methods comparison was conducted in 2023-2024, and indicated that jar traps with either a wine-vinegar bait or an artificial lure with a drowning solution captured more figitids than the other methods tried (fruit sampling, fruit sentinels, and a yellow sticky card with an artificial lure). The liquid trap method appears to be most suitable for detection of low populations in surveys or post-release recovery, thus providing a more practical and effective alternative to the previous standard of berry collections. The survey, which focused on the principal fruit-growing districts east of the Cascade mountains, revealed that a third cosmopolitan figitid species, L. heterotoma (Thomson), was the most abundant parasitoid in this region. However, L. japonica was also widely distributed throughout the area. Ganaspis kimorum was not detected in eastern Washington but was found in a limited number of traps placed on the west side of the Cascades. These results provide a baseline for the distribution of these species and can be used for comparison with later assessments after releases of G. kimorum have been completed. It also supports the concept of augmentative releases of L. japonica, because its adventive establishment indicates that it can adapt to eastern Washington’s semi-arid climate
EFFECTS OF RESERVOIR TYPE (RUN-OF-RIVER VS. STORAGE) ON ZOOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES
Get PDFDams hydrologically alter riverine systems by lengthening water residence time and affecting water quality. Two main dam types occur within the Columbia River Basin (CRB) of North America: run-of-river reservoirs, which have relatively short residence times (days), and storage reservoirs, which have longer residence times (months). Zooplankton are vital primary and secondary consumers in these systems, yet it is currently unknown how reservoir type may affect zooplankton assemblages, including their abundance, diversity, and composition. To address this knowledge gap, we undertook a field study of four CRB reservoirs, including two run-of-river reservoirs (Bonneville and The Dalles) and two storage reservoirs (Cougar and Detroit), to address this knowledge gap. Triplicate zooplankton tows and associated environmental samples were collected at each site bimonthly over two years (November 2022-September 2025). We examined spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton and environmental conditions, and we applied PERMANOVA, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination, hierarchical clustering analysis, indicator species analysis, and ENVFIT to assess zooplankton assemblage patterns and their environmental associations. We found zooplankton abundances to be lower in run-of-river reservoirs than in storage reservoirs (with marked seasonal variability), and zooplankton diversity to be lower in storage systems (dominated by copepods) compared to run-of-river reservoirs. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, phosphate concentration, combined nitrate and nitrite concentration, conductivity, Secchi depth, and residence time were significantly associated with zooplankton assemblage structure in the study reservoirs. These associations may be attributed to direct effects (e.g., via zooplankton physiological rates), as well as indirect effects via trophic dynamics (e.g. nutrients increasing the phytoplankton prey base for zooplankton). Lastly, two invasive zooplankton species (the copepod Pseudodiaptomus forbesi and the cladoceran Eubosmina coregoni) were only found in the run-of-river reservoirs, likely due to shipping introducing invasive species in the mainstem Columbia River. This study is the first to directly compare differences in zooplankton abundance, diversity, and composition between run-of-river versus storage reservoirs and provides novel insights into how the distinct hydrological alterations produced by dams may influence freshwater food webs and ecosystem dynamics
Time-Aware Packet Forwarding in Programmable Data Planes
Get PDFNetworks in many safety-critical systems like avionics, automotive, and industrial plants have strict end-to-end delay requirements to be met for correct system operation. Existing software-defined real-time networks do not support data plane programmability provided by recent protocol-independent switch architectures such as P4. My research enables time-aware flow forwarding in P4-enabled software-defined time-critical networks. In this thesis, I introduce time-aware flow scheduling for P4-enabled SDN architectures. I study two scheduling policies: the first one prioritizes flows based on slack (i.e., how much time is left to reach the destination), and the second one uses finish time as a priority metric, which is determined from its data rate requirements. Both approaches were implemented and tested in the P4 software stack. I find that the slack-based forwarding scheme performs better in retaining real-time requirements. My publicly released scheduler implementations will assist network engineers in adapting programmable switches to safety-critical applications that demand precise timing guarantees