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Bonner County Resource Guide - Idaho
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Caribou County Resource Guide - Idaho
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Franklin County Resource Guide - Washington
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MEROCYTOPHAGY TRANSFER EVENTS INFLUENCE THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS INFECTION
Get PDFTrogocytosis is a process by which cells partially phagocytose, or nibble, other cells and in some cases, cells decorate their own surface with protein acquired from the surface of others. This process is gaining attention in immunology research as it has been observed in the context of dendritic cell (DC) cross-dressing, in which DCs acquire antigen complexes to present for T cell activation, and it has implications in the immune response to cancer and in the efficacy of engineered T cell therapies. The trogocytosis-related behavior merocytophagy was first characterized as an alternative strategy for Francisella tularensis dissemination among macrophages. In contrast to trogocytosis, merocytophagy is characterized by transfer of both surface protein and cytosolic content, forming a double-membrane vacuole in recipient cells. Little is known about this process and the molecular factors which facilitate it, as well as whether it is driven by bacteria or by the host. Here, we demonstrate that several bacterial pathogens with diverse replication strategies enhance merocytophagy transfer and that pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists are sufficient to trigger enhanced transfer. We also identify the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk) signaling pathway as a major contributor to transfer and primarily in a MyD88-independent manner. Further we observed that several surface integrins are upregulated as a result of Syk signaling and form a synapse-like structure at the site of protein transfer. Additionally, we found that merocytophagy occurs in DCs through use of a BMDC model and observed that inflammatory cytokine expression is delayed or lengthened in response to merocytophagy downstream of F. tularensis infection in vitro. This delay coincides with significantly enhanced antigen cross-presentation for activation of CD8+ T cells as well as a slight increase in multifunctional CD8 + T cells in vitro. Finally, we implement merocytophagy and bacterial localization in the vaccination response to F. tularensis in vivo, observing that mice vaccinated with a strain engineered to confer limited replication and dissemination are protected from re-challenge as effectively as those vaccinated with wildtype bacteria
Identity in the Master's House Literature, Film, and Colonized Consciousness within the Dominican Republic and the United States
Get PDFLiterature and film have long existed as examples of cultural products and artifacts demonstrating what the various authors from different cultures value as well as the subsequent history and politics of those cultures (Ferro 357-8). However, not all narratives are commemorated in print or on the big screen. Many narratives are not selected which begs several questions. Common criticisms which are lofted towards the recording of history are: Whose history? Who narrates? Who is included and excluded? Who chooses which history and narrative are included? What does this mean regarding value and importance? The purpose of this paper is to examine race and gender within selected literature and film regarding “colonized consciousness” in the Dominican Republic and the United States using the theory of historiographic metafiction by Linda Hutcheon and methodologies of both film analysis and sociological analysis by Jonas do Nascimento
VPL The Visible Panty Line
Get PDFIn a society that preys on insecurities as a marketing tactic, my drawing practice counters these manipulations through the cultivation of an artistic practice built on pleasure. Drawing slowly, building every texture and color layer by layer, looking closely at all the fine details, I am working in direct opposition to a culture that needs me to feel insecure and unfulfilled in order to maximize profits. These detailed drawings of ten pairs of underwear are quietly humorous portrayals of the most intimate article of clothing. Underwear is symbolic of the most personal and private parts of our lives. By deliberate exposure, I use the simple act of drawing to highlight complex cultural dynamics. Through carefully, yet confidently, rendering each and every detail, I tease at these ideas of shame and power
Montane Carnivore Detection and Occupancy in the High Oregon Cascades
Get PDFThe Cascade Range runs from southern British Columbia, Canada to northern California, USA and has been a stronghold of glacial refugia since the end of the Pleistocene. Yet, it is changing rapidly due to climate change. The section of the Cascades that lies in the state of Oregon (hereafter Oregon Cascades) provides high-elevation habitat for many carnivore species, including habitat specialists and generalists. While climate change may reshuffle carnivore communities in high-elevation areas, there is little known about the current distribution of the carnivore community at the highest-elevation areas of the Oregon Cascades. We completed a state-wide survey of carnivores, including bobcats (Lynx rufus), mountain lions (Puma concolor) coyotes (Canis latrans), Sierra Nevada red fox (Vulpes vulpes necator), and martens (Martes) in the highest-elevation area of Oregon, along the Cascade crest, using passive camera traps during the summers of 2023 and 2024. Within a subset of the Cascade crest, in the central Oregon Cascades we assessed the most effective methods of detection for the most elusive of the carnivore suite, the Sierra Nevada red fox. Finally, we assessed drivers of carnivore occupancy in the high-elevation landscape and forecasted projections of occupancy for the carnivore suite under intermediate and high emissions climate scenarios. In the central Oregon Cascades, we successfully and reliably detected Sierra Nevada red fox using on-trail cameras and scat surveys. We discovered that the Sierra Nevada red fox is likely to face challenges in the Oregon Cascades due to lack of available suitable habitat under intermediate and high emissions climate scenarios. In addition, we found that the occupancy of all carnivores in the high Oregon Cascades was driven by climate and disturbance, with habitat specialists (marten and Sierra Nevada red fox) exhibiting a positive relationship with snow water equivalent and a negative relationship with minimum temperature and habitat generalists (bobcat, coyote, mountain lion) exhibiting the opposite relationships. We identified relationships between habitat generalists and specialists, where some habitat generalists had positive relationships with human use (bobcat, mountain lion) and one habitat specialist had a negative relationship with human use (Sierra Nevada red fox). Under both climate scenarios, we found that all carnivores expanded further upslope in the high Oregon Cascades, with habitat generalists having more suitable habitat available for use and habitat specialists having less suitable habitat available for use. Based on our results, we suggest the best way to monitor the Sierra Nevada red fox is using on-trail cameras and scat surveys and we also suggest that the Three Sisters area of the Oregon Cascades may serve as climatic refugia for specialist species and therefore may require further protections (e.g., recreation management) to combat indirect and direct effects associated with climate change
WORLD LITERATURE AND THE CONTEMPORARY PAKISTANI ANGLOPHONE LITERATURE
Get PDFOver the centuries, the hegemonic systems of World Literature, its colonial history, and its neo-orientalist orientations have decided the production, circulation, translation, and acclamation of literary works and their authors. By drawing attention to what is invisible in the still highly anglophonic global literary market: the Pakistani texts that remain obscured in the dust of profit and fame yet contain the essence of the local, the vernacular, resistance, and peripheral adab (literature), this research aims to create an alternative Pakistani counter shelf of the Global South library as a response to T. B. Macaulay’s infamous words that “a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India” (3)
GENERALIZED EQUATIONS OF STATE AND FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS FOR THE THERMAL AND STRAIN RESPONSE OF PHOTOMECHANICAL MATERIALS
Get PDFThis thesis outlines two models for a thermodynamic equation of state for the force as a function of temperature and sample elongation for elastic materials. The first extendsHooke’s law to include a temperature dependent compliance (inverse of spring constant) to account for softening and rest length to account for thermal expansion. The secondoriginated from an empirical expression that describes the thermal force behavior, where the material’s length dependence is added in a way that conforms with the expected behavior. The thermodynamic fundamental relation, which contains all information about a system and connects measurable properties to abstract but more fundamental ones, is determined from the equations of state. The Helmholtz potential is derived for both models and a Legendre transform to the internal energy can be derived analytically for the first equation of state model, but can only be estimated for the second model. The equations of state are compared to experimental force data for dye-doped glassy polymer and cross-linked liquid crystal network samples. While the first model fits to the experimental data, an interpretation of the fit parameters concludes that it contradicts the known underlying mechanisms in polymers. The second model both fits the experimental data and maintains the prediction that thermal expansion is the leading mechanism in the thermal force. Additionally, column buckling is investigated as a tool for interpreting force versus sample extension data and calibrating the force sensor used to collect the experimental data - a requirement for future experiments. This thesis thus provides models that can be applied to study the mechanisms of the photomechanical response in a variety of materials
STORIES OF RESISTANCE INDIGENOUS WOMEN STORY THROUGH STRENGTH
Get PDFCurrent research stories Indigenous women from settler colonial perspectives of wellbeing. These perspectives perpetuate narratives that Indigenous women exist in experiences of ill health. While it is important to understand, these narratives fail to address the structures that uphold these health outcomes for Indigenous women and perpetuate settler colonial attempts towards erasure. Indigenous women’s stories of health, success, and joy deserve to be told. These stories act as resistance towards the settler colonial systems of violence through generational healing. These stories are often nested deep within our communities. The purpose of this project is to explore the ways in which Indigenous women’s stories of strength disrupt the settler colonial notions of what it means to be well.I engage Indigenous Research Methodologies to inform research design, analysis, and dissemination. Within this framework, I specifically employ Indigenous Storywork to inform this project. Over the course of four seasons, I hosted six story sessions with seven Indigenous women to share stories of wellness from their perspectives. I worked with these relatives to review their sessions to ensure their stories are represented accurately. We analyzed their interviews through perspectives of Indigenous Feminist thought, understanding the ways that their stories disrupt settler colonial structures of violence.These seven relatives shared stories of strength, dreams, and joy to better understand wellness for them and their communities. These women shared their perspectives of strength through the experiences of their ancestors and family. Stories of survivance were evident, as the relatives storied through adaption and balance in ways that refused settler notions of victim-hood. Healing was a ‘core’ to the stories shared in this project and bridged strength to dreaming. They shared dreams of Indigenous futures that allowed for their communities to exist outside of shame. These futures are generated by joy. This project teaches us that Indigenous women’s stories can serve as resistance to settler colonial violence and claims that we only exist as victims. Further, we learn that these stories provide us guides to Indigenous futurities