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Illusory Attacks on Reinforcement Learning Agents
No full textFrom autonomous drones and bipedal robots to aligning Large Language Model (LLM)s, Reinforcement Learning (RL) is ubiquitous in Artificial Intelligence (AI) today. A key problem in deploying RL agents to the real world is protecting such agents from action and observation space attacks, wherein attacks with low detectability are especially damaging. The adversarial observation space attacks studied in this thesis involve perturbing the input state of the victim\u27s policy, such that the victim’s reward is minimized. Illusory observation space attacks are further subject to the additional constraint of low detectability, where a detectability budget is clearly defined using exact information-theoretic distributional constraints. Learning effective adversarial attacks is challenging because terms associated with each additional timestep are conditioned on the entire action-observation history. In this work, we extend the information-theoretic formulation for illusory attacks introduced in previous work, to two time steps. We conduct experiments on our chosen custom environment and show that with our extended implementation, we are able to learn an effective adversarial policy that significantly reduces the victim’s reward whilst being difficult to detect. We highlight the reasons why it works whilst also listing the current limitations and factors that affect the performance of our implementation. The thesis also includes a discussion of possible domain extensions and applications, ethical considerations of making this kind of potentially harmful AI open-source, as well as some future work directions that can address the current limitations and caveats
Mosaic Atlas: Interview with Brenda Wong Aoki
Get PDFThis interview with Brenda Wong Aoki, a multicultural artist who uses storytelling, dance, theatre, and other mediums, was conducted by Milina Jovanovic as part of the Mosaic Atlas project. Topics discussed include Wong Aoki’s complex family history, exploration of individual and community identities, global experiences, artistic influences, and deep connections to the rich culture of the San Francisco Bay Area. As part of the Mosaic Atlas project, Mosaic Staff and Volunteers, SJSU students and faculty from the Anthropology and Film, Theater, and Dance Departments interviewed people who support and produce art throughout the Bay Area
Mosaic Atlas: Interview with Aileen Cassinetto
Get PDFThis interview with Aileen Cassinetto, the former Poet Laureate of San Mateo County, was conducted by Jan English-Lueck as part of the Mosaic Atlas project. Aileen also co-founded Paloma Press, a Southeast Asian publishing house based on the peninsula. Aileen\u27s involvement with the community has allowed her to understand how culture is related to economic outcomes and how artists contribute to community development efforts. She has worked with various organizations and communities, including the Filipino community, poets and artists, local high schools, San Mateo County Libraries and all independent city libraries in the county (Burlingame Library, Daly City Public Library, Menlo Park Library, Redwood City Public Library, San Mateo Public Library, South San Francisco Library), the San Mateo County Commission, San Mateo County Office of Community Affairs, Daly City Public Library Associates, Dragonfly Community Arts, and Skyline College, San Francisco Public Library, Chinese for Affirmative Action, Exploratorium, Philippine American Writers & Artists, Inc., Clarion Performing Arts Center, and Clarion Alley Mural Project in San Francisco, and the American Geophysical Union. She is currently involved with the San Mateo County Commission on the Status of Women as a commissioner, with Filoli as a community partner, KQED as a community advisory panelist, and Filipino American International Book Festival as an advisory committee member. She sees herself as a conduit of stories, not just for Filipinos or Southeast Asians, but for all cultures. Aileen\u27s approach is rooted in the Filipino core value of kapwa, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals within a collective or community. As part of the Mosaic Atlas project, Mosaic Staff and Volunteers, SJSU students and faculty from the Anthropology and Film, Theater, and Dance Departments interviewed people who support and produce art throughout the Bay Area
Mosaic Atlas: Interview with Seini Kaufusi
Get PDFThis interview with Seini Kaufusi was conducted by Milina Jovanovic as part of the Mosaic Atlas project. Seini Kaufusi identifies as Tongan-American and practices Tongan dancing. She is also a choreographer who educates Tongan youth in Tongan dance, language, and culture. Topics discussed included cultural preservation, characteristics of the Tongan traditional dance, collaboration with other API communities, local performances and community organizations. As part of the Mosaic Atlas project, Mosaic Staff and Volunteers, SJSU students and faculty from the Anthropology and Film, Theater, and Dance Departments interviewed people who support and produce art throughout the Bay Area
Mosaic Atlas: Interview with Michelle Zhang
Get PDFThis interview with Michelle Zhang, Chinese and multicultural arts advocate and founder of Society of Heart’s Delight, was conducted by Jan English-Lueck as part of the Mosaic Atlas project. Michelle Zhang is an arts advocate who supports other artists and promotes cultural diversity. Her organization aims to introduce diverse cultures to the Chinese community in Silicon Valley. Zhang organizes events and programs to connect Chinese artists with the wider community and works with various cultural organizations such as San Jose Jazz and the San Jose Museum of Art. Zhang\u27s organization promotes traditional and contemporary Chinese arts. The organization also supports social issues, such as LGBTQ rights. She is passionate about fostering mutual understanding and friendship through the arts and believes that food and art are powerful tools for bringing people together. As part of the Mosaic Atlas project, Mosaic Staff and Volunteers, SJSU students and faculty from the Anthropology and Film, Theater, and Dance Departments interviewed people who support and produce art throughout the Bay Area
Mosaic Atlas: Interview with PJ Hirabayashi
Get PDFThis interview with PJ Hirabayashi, co-founder of Taiko San Jose, was conducted by Jan English-Lueck as part of the Mosaic Atlas project. PJ Hirabayashi, a third-generation Japanese American, discusses her involvement in taiko, a traditional Japanese drumming art form. She talks about her cultural identity and how taiko has allowed her to express herself and break stereotypes. She also discusses the importance of collaboration with other cultures and the impact it has had on her work. Hirabayashi emphasizes the importance of community building and connecting with audiences, as well as the motivation and inspiration she finds in the energy and vibrations of the drums. She reflects on her experiences working with various organizations in Japantown and beyond, and the importance of transmitting core values and cultural roots to the next generation. Hirabayashi concludes by expressing her excitement for the future and the potential for deeper relationships and connections through cultural expression. As part of the Mosaic Atlas project, Mosaic Staff and Volunteers, SJSU students and faculty from the Anthropology and Film, Theater, and Dance Departments interviewed people who support and produce art throughout the Bay Area
The Evolution and Preservation of Video Games: An Artistic and Cultural Journey
Get PDFFrom the first time I held a game controller, video games have been a fundamental part of my life. They started as simple, pixel-filled adventures on early consoles and have grown into the vast, immersive worlds we explore on today’s advanced systems. For me, they’ve always been more than just a way to pass the time; they’ve been gateways to alternate realities where creativity, interaction, and storytelling seamlessly come together. Over the years, video games have transformed from casual hobbies into intricate cultural phenomena and, importantly, into a recognized art form. In this essay, I contend that video games are not only significant technological and cultural milestones but also invaluable works of art that deserve preservation for future generations.
While some academic circles still debate whether video games qualify as art, to me, the answer is unmistakable: they are. And like any other art form, they need to be preserved. A study by the Video Game History Foundation found that 87% of classic video games released in the United States are no longer commercially available (VGHF, 2023). This alarming statistic highlights the fragility of this art form and the pressing need for proactive preservation efforts
Assessing Human Visual Attention in Retail Human-Robot Interaction: A YOLOv8-Nano and Eye-Tracking Approach
Get PDFObjectives: This research delves into the dynamics of human-robot interaction (HRI) in retail environments, with a focus on robot detection from videos captured via an eye-tracking system. Methods: The study employs YOLOv8-nano model for real-time robot detection during grocery shopping tasks. All videos were processed using the YOLOv8 model to test inference speed while performing eye-tracking data analysis as a case study. Results: The YOLOv8 model demonstrated high precision in robot detection, with a mean average precision (mAP) of approximately 97.3% for Intersection over Union (IoU), 100% precision, and 99.87% recall for box detection. The model\u27s ability to process an average of 160.36 frames per second (FPS) confirmed its suitability for real-time applications. In the case study on the impact of a robot\u27s presence on human eye movements, the presence of a robot contributes to greater consistency in gaze fixation behavior, potentially leading to more predictable patterns of visual attention. Conclusion: The study\u27s findings contribute significantly to the design of safer and more efficient cobot systems. They provide a deeper understanding of human responses in real-world scenarios, which is crucial for the development of effective HRI systems
Finding and Developing the 21st Century Scientific Pioneer
Get PDFResearch on the personality of creative scientists is revisited using the Neo-Socioanalytic model of personality psychology as an organizing framework. Past research shows that creative scientists, largely from the 20th century, were distinguished by high levels of openness to experience, dominance, ambition, intelligence, and low levels of agreeableness. Contradictory findings for environmental influences highlighted the potential importance of both supportive and adverse diversifying experiences. Developmental trends also run contrary to the likelihood of scientific creativity occurring later in life, which is consistent with the life span models of creativity. Based on this review, we highlight much needed updating to the basic science of scientific creativity, including the need to test these findings in populations other than older white men, and the testing of both environmental experiences and individual differences simultaneously. An agenda for identifying and developing the 21st century creative scientist is provided
Lower Extremity Joint Kinetics during Walk-to-Run and Run-to-Walk Transitions
Get PDFLower extremity joint kinetic factors are thought to modulate walk-to-run transition (WRT) and run-to-walk transition (RWT). This study aimed to investigate joint stiffness and energetic patterns during the WRT and RWT processes and identify whether gait transitions occur within a single step or not. Ten healthy subjects participated in treadmill WRT (1.8–2.4 m/s) and RWT (2.4–1.8 m/s) tests. We investigated two steps before transition (S–2, S–1), two steps after transition (S1, S2) and the transition step (S0). We found significant differences between S2 and S–2 for ankle joint stiffness during WRT and RWT (p \u3c 0.001); for hip joint stiffness, we found significant differences between S1 and S–1 during WRT and RWT (p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, stance phase mechanical energy generation was observed to transfer from proximal to distal joints at S0 during WRT, and from distal to proximal at S0 during RWT. Transition step ankle kinematic and kinetic patterns were similar to the target locomotion task gait format in both WRT and RWT. Moreover, RWT required longer adaptation time compared with WRT. These findings indicate that WRT and RWT were modulated before and after the actual transitions, not within a single step. Redistribution of joint mechanical work generation was related to gait transition triggers, which modulate the WRT and RWT processes