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California Teacher Librarians & the Differences They Make
Get PDFIn August 2024, the California Department of Education released data gathered via its 2022-23 school library evaluation. Following are major findings of an analysis of this dataset focusing on factors associated with where there are credentialed teacher librarians and how their presence helps to shape school library programs—details about staffing levels, library access, staff activities, collection size and budget, and implementation of the Model School Library Standards. Because data were reported by a voluntary sample covering approximately a third of California public schools, the dataset was not adequate to generate state totals or averages. Most responding schools had on-campus libraries. Compared with all public schools, those that responded over-represented some school characteristics (e.g., city locale, elementary and middle schools, schools with least poverty) and under-represented others (e.g., schools with smallest enrollments, combined schools, charter schools). The most powerful factors influencing whether a school has a full-time teacher librarian, a parttime one, or none at all are structural ones, including enrollment range, grade level, and locale. Statewide, teacher librarians are concentrated in larger-enrollment schools, high schools, and schools in city or suburb locales. Almost all schools reporting full-time teacher librarians had librarians who were responsible for one school library, while most schools with part-time teacher librarians had librarians who served libraries in multiple schools. Schools with teacher librarians—especially full-time ones—were more likely than those without teacher librarians to have library staff who were involved more frequently in planning, supporting, and delivering instruction, particularly in the areas of basic and digital literacy. Schools with teacher librarians were also more likely to have library staff who led professional development for teachers. In addition, schools with teacher librarians were more likely to: schedule library access flexibly, have space to accommodate whole classes as well as smaller groups and individuals, and support them pursuing research projects. They were also more likely to provide greater access to technology and to use it to extend the school library program’s presence. Schools with teacher librarians tended to have larger book collections and budgets as well as larger budgets for other types of materials and database access. Quotes from respondents to the CDE School Library Evaluation referencing the findings are included. The report concludes with specific recommendations for improving and using this dataset to the California Department of Education, district and school administrators, educators and professional development providers for teacher librarians, and teacher librarians themselves as well as school library researchers
Archeota, Fall/Winter 2024
Get PDFArcheota is a platform for SJSU iSchool students to contribute to the archival conversation. It is written BY students, FOR students. It provides substantive content on archival concerns and issues and promotes professional development in the field of archival studies. Archeota upholds the core values of the archival profession.
Contents
A Tale of Two Film Archives: History and Impact of the British Film Institute and the Cinémathèque Française by Sarah Miller
Enhancing Archival Access with Sustainability: Insights from a Library Scholar Internship at Cal Poly Humboldt by Kaitlyn R. O’Dell
Farewell to Our Winter 2024 Graduate: Interviews with SAA Student Chapter Leaders
“Several archivists were injured, but none critically”: Dangerous Archives in Star Trek by Erica Leff
Digital Vandalism: A Case Study of the Internet Archive and the British Library by Peyton Walters
The Congregation Beth Am Archives: Creatively Using Tech to Process Born- Digital Records by Joshua Insel
Meet the 2025 Archeota AND SAASC Team! Q&A with SAASC Board Members and Archeota Editorial Board Members
SAASC Spring 2025 Executive Board
SAASC FALL & Winter 2024 Events and Upcoming Spring 2025 Eventshttps://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/saasc_archeota/1020/thumbnail.jp
Homomorphically Encrypted Faceted Values
Get PDFFaceted values prevent the implicit flow of sensitive information by controlling the visibility of program data. They achieve this by maintaining two facets for each variable: a public facet, which is observable, and a private facet, which remains hidden. Although this method secures the flow of sensitive data, it can be leaked if the server storing the faceted values is compromised. While faceted values may be encrypted on the server, doing so would necessitate that the private facets be briefly decrypted during execution to allow arithmetic operations to be performed on them, creating an attack vector for information to be sniffed by malicious actors. To address this limitation, this paper introduces Homomorphically Encrypted Faceted Values (HEFVs), which eliminate the need to decrypt private facets during execution. Homomorphic encryption enhances security by allowing operations to be performed directly on encrypted data and preventing any information from being leaked even if the execution environment is breached. HEFVs can be securely transmitted across networks and used in distributed computing environments, as no private key is required to perform computations on the private facet. This paper further presents Scheme Homomorphic, a Scheme-like programming language that natively supports HEFVs as a data type, abstracting the complexity of both faceted values and homomorphic encryption from the user. Homomorphic encryption increases computational cost, and benchmarks show a performance overhead of up to 7x for HEFVs compared to RSA-512 encryption and an 82x overhead compared to cleartext faceted values, illustrating both the security and performance trade-offs of HEFVs in secure computing environments
Spartan Daily, February 18, 2025
Get PDFVolume 164, Issue 11https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartan_daily_2025/1010/thumbnail.jp
Death and disappearance: Measuring racial disparities in mortality and life expectancy among people in state prisons, United States 2000-2014
Get PDFBackground Research on carceral institutions and mortality finds that people in prisons and jails have a high risk of death immediately following release from custody and that while incarcerated, racial disparities in prisoner mortality counter observed death patterns among similarly situated non-incarcerated, demographic groups. Yet, many of these studies rely on data prior to the millennium, during the COVID-19 pandemic, or are relegated to a small number or select group of states. In this paper, we explore changes in mortality and life-expectancy among different demographic groups, before and after the Great Recession, across forty-four states that reported deaths in custody to the federal government between 2000 and 2014. Methods Drawing on a novel dataset created and curated, we calculate standard, age- specific quantities (death rates and life-expectancy) using period lifetable methods, disaggregated by race and sex, across three different periods (2000–2004, 2005–2009, and 2010–2014) for each state. Ordinary least squares regression models with state and year fixed-effects are included to examine state-level factors that may explain differences in prisoner mortality rates between 2000 and 2014. We also benchmark death counts reported to federal agencies with official state reports to cross-validate general mortality patterns. Results Among imprisoned men, age-specific trends in mortality have shifted across the three periods. Following the Great Recession and the push for criminal justice reforms, prisoner mortality dropped significantly and is concentrated at older ages among men during 2010–2014; the shifting pattern of mortality means that men age 30 in 2010–2014 had similar death rates as men in their early 20s during 2000–2004, representing a 7.5 year shift in age-specific mortality rates. Gains in the mortality decline were disproportionately experienced by Non-Hispanic White and Non-Hispanic Black men, with the latter experiencing the greatest gains in life-expectancy of any demographic group. State-level violent crime rates are strongly and positively associated with prison mortality rates across states, net of socioeconomic and political factors. The large and significant disappearance of deaths in prisons from official data reported to federal agencies calls into question the narrowing gap in racial disparities among people in carceral facilities. Conclusions Legal decisions and social policies aimed at reducing mortality may be most effective in the short-run; however, the effects of these policy changes may fadeout over time. Research should clearly discern whether changes in mortality rates across states are due to diminished gains in social policies or increases in the disappearance (or underreporting) of deaths in custody. Understanding how and why gains in survivorship may stall is important for aligning health initiatives with social policy to facilitate maximal and consistent mortality declines for all demographic groups
Evaluation of Long-Term Performance of Transportation Earthworks Prone to Weather-Driven Deterioration Under Changing Climate
Get PDFEmbankments are key transportation infrastructure features providing essential support for long, linear stretches of transportation infrastructure, including highways and railways, in California and globally. Clay embankments are susceptible to weather-related deterioration processes that can gradually compromise their stability and, in some cases, lead to unexpected failures. Climate change, along with the associated shifts in weather patterns, is projected to adversely impact weather-related deterioration processes, leading to exacerbated failures and/or shorter service life. This study evaluated the impact of climate change on the rate of weather-driven deterioration of embankments in two locations in California: Los Angeles and Sacramento. Specifically, a multi-phase hydromechanical geotechnical model was developed for an exemplar clay embankment. The model is capable of simulating long-term performance of an embankment subject to a climate-controlled flux boundary. The model was used to perform numerical simulations where temperature and rainfall levels were adjusted to reflect four possible future climate change scenarios: Case (1) no average temperature or average precipitation changes; Case (2) +3℃ average temperature change and –12.5% average precipitation change; Case (3) +3℃average temperature change and no average precipitation change; and Case (4) +3℃ average temperature change and +12.5% average precipitation change. Performance indicators were obtained from the numerical simulations to compare the effect of climate change in Los Angeles and Sacramento. It was concluded that climate change is generally projected to adversely affect the long-term performance of clay embankments, which can put critical transportation infrastructure and the communities that depend on it at risk
Perspectives On Gaming Throughout The Years
Get PDFVideo games are a lot younger of an art form compared to other mediums like books or movies which means how they fit into our culture isn’t really set in stone yet. They have existed for a while but got their first big boom through arcades and home consoles. I want to look at how video games present themselves differently to other mediums and how that might have affected their perception amongst the general populace while also looking at how that perception has changed over time due to how games have changed themselves
Contributions of California Teacher Librarians to Student Achievement
Get PDFThis article assesses the contributions of California Teacher Librarians (TLs) to student achievement, specifically in the area of English Language Arts and Literacy. This comparison-of-means analysis employed two major datasets: the California Department of Education (CDE) school library evaluation survey and California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP) data, both for the 2022-23 school year. This study found that students who met or exceeded ELA standards were more likely to be in schools with: a full-time, certified TL rather than a part-time TL or no TL; a TL–full- or part-time–rather than no TL; a TL staffing a single library rather than two or more libraries; and school library staff who did (rather than did not) engage in specific best practices. These practices included planning instruction collaboratively with teachers, teaching information literacy skills to students, supporting literacy teaching, managing their library collections, and leading professional development for teachers. Ten school library practitioners were also interviewed and those qualitative findings are shared across these five categories as well. Notably, the relationships between library staffing and staff activities and ELA performance persist regardless of the gender, race/ethnicity, and socio-economic status of students. The study\u27s findings contribute to the crucial conversation about school library staffing and funding; empowering policy-makers, decision-makers, and school library advocates to better communicate the value of school librarians