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Navigating NIH’s Revised Public Access Policy: On-the-ground Experiences from Librarians and Researchers
Get PDFThe U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) rolled out its revised Public Access Policy on July 1, 2025, in accordance with the 2022 Office of Science and Technology Policy Nelson Memo. The Nelson Memo calls on all U.S. federal funders to implement a policy requiring immediate public access to published articles and supporting datasets resulting from federal grants. On the surface, NIH’s new policy is a public good, ensuring that federally funded research outputs will no longer be held back from public access for 12 months after publication. But the implementation mechanisms of this new policy for researchers and publishers are far from perfect. Some publishers are pushing authors towards paid open access. Authors are uncertain what’s required of them and how to handle conflicts between NIH’s and the publisher’s green open access policies. At the same time, NIH has announced it plans to cap how much it will pay for open access publication charges. In this presentation, you’ll hear how two University of California (UC) campus libraries and the California Digital Library have provided guidance on the NIH policy to their author communities. We’ll share what our researchers are reporting about their experiences and how the policy is impacting libraries
Translanguaging at School: A Systematic Review of U.S. PK-12 Translanguaging Research
No full textThis systematic review considers what is known about translanguaging in relation to teaching and learning, motivated by the concept\u27s popularity and ongoing critiques about its pedagogical utility and transformative potential. Based on thematic analysis of 111 empirical studies on translanguaging in U.S. PK-12 educational settings, we identified the following themes: (1) translanguaging emerges naturally, and purposefully, in classrooms with bi/multilingual learners, (2) translanguaging facilitates student sense-making in support of learning, (3) translanguaging increases student engagement and opportunities for collaboration, (4) translanguaging supports bi/multilingual students\u27 identity development and sense of belonging, (5) translanguaging can create a counterspace that challenges deficit-framed ideologies and cultivates critical consciousness, (6) learning about translanguaging contributes to teachers developing more asset-oriented stances toward bi/multilingual learners and more linguistically responsive pedagogies, and (7) context plays a central role in if and how translanguaging transforms teaching and learning–translanguaging looks different, and has different impacts, across different contexts. We conclude that we know much about the positive ways translanguaging shapes teaching and learning, while also highlighting some challenges and tensions within the extant literature and the need for increased research that attends to the nuances of context, includes more methodological diversity, and centers decolonial and critical perspectives
Frameworks and Life Cycle Assessment for Reinforced Concrete Bridges for Sustainability in Transportation
Get PDFBridge structures are critical components of California’s transportation network, with reinforced concrete (RC) bridges being among the most widely used. Extending the lifespan of these structures can lead to significant reductions in environmental impacts. However, California’s frequent seismic activity has repeatedly exposed the vulnerability of existing RC bridges, highlighting the urgent need for seismic retrofitting and maintenance to improve infrastructure resilience against earthquakes and to increase sustainability. This research used detailed computer simulations known as nonlinear finite element models, which are highly detailed computer models, incorporating section damage indices to predict damage and assess structural deficiencies in RC bridges during earthquake events. The proposed modeling framework enables accurate evaluation of seismic performance and damage states, supporting informed recommendations for retrofitting. By extending the service life of existing bridges, the approach contributes to lower environmental impacts compared to complete replacement. Additionally, a life-cycle assessment (LCA) is used to compare the environmental impacts of retrofitting versus rebuilding an RC bridge, considering the full process from construction to demolition. Since new bridge construction demands substantial resources and energy, retrofitting is shown to be a more sustainable solution for minimizing environmental damage following seismic events
Acoustical Bedlam : A Contextualization of Beethoven\u27s Christus
Get PDFThe premiere of Beethoven’s Christus am Ölberge at the Theater an der Wien on April 5, 1803, marked the composer’s first and only contribution to the complex tradition of the German oratorio. Since the genre’s inception at the turn of the eighteenth century, it reflected artistic, literary, and theological controversies of its day. Beethoven’s chosen theme, the passion of Christ, came with its own set of ever-shifting compositional and textual expectations, influenced by older traditions of sepolcri and staged oratorios (common in Vienna and at the court of the elector of Cologne after mid-century) and lyric works such as Graun’s well-known setting of Ramler’s Der Tod Jesu. Beethoven’s unique approach to the genre—involving its libretto, narrative setting and characters, stage directions, musical structures—and the work’s mixed reception all reflect controversies of Beethoven’s time and place.
My research brings together networks of people, performances, scores, and literature that shaped Beethoven’s understanding of the oratorio genre. The influence of the empfindsam, lyric style and of Graun’s oratorio particularly are not absent from Beethoven’s setting, as Richard Kramer has shown. And both nineteenth century and modern critics highlight Christus’s dramatic qualities, which were not without precedent in the oratorios that he knew. Modern scholarship positions Christus primarily in relation to the Heiligenstadt Testament, to Fidelio, or to an Enlightened view of the human Christ. However, a reconstruction of Beethoven’s listening environment—through his access to the music library of Elector Maximilian Franz, his relationship with the Tonkünstler-Societät and its regular oratorio performances, and his personal contact with other composers and their works—offers further evidence to consider. In this paper, I lay the groundwork for a much needed recontextualization of Beethoven’s engagement with the oratorio genre, placing Christus alongside its contemporaries to better understand the work itself and its critical reception
Innovative Sonorities: Atypical Pitch Orders in Beethoven\u27s Piano Trios
Get PDFIn his chamber music with keyboard, Beethoven famously emancipated the cello from its bass function to make it equal with the other instruments, as has been repeatedly noted. Some studies have also highlighted, partly in relation to this emancipation, the sonorous balance between strings and piano in Beethoven’s chamber works. The pitch relationship between the cello and violin in his piano trios has been less discussed, yet attending to both parts reveals a tendency to use an atypical order in which the cello’s pitch is set above the violin or between the violin’s chord tones. This tendency increases from Beethoven’s early to middle periods.
The atypical pitch orders of the two strings in the early period could be a nascent gesture resulting from voice exchange or supporting the melodic line of the piano. Yet in the middle period the atypical pitch orders continue over longer passages, coloring entire sections with their unique sonority. They also function as an inextricable thematic component, recurring many times over the course of a movement. The atypical ordering of the two strings’ pitches suggests Beethoven’s increased interest in its sonorous quality and its potential structural or thematic function. It also highlights the importance of analytical studies of chamber music that focus on the particular sonority of the performing forces involved
Spartan Daily, March 4, 2025
Get PDFVolume 164, Issue 17https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartan_daily_2025/1016/thumbnail.jp
A Narrative Review of the COVID-19 Infodemic and Censorship in Healthcare
Get PDFIdeological and financial motivations have undermined science for decades. In this narrative review, we explore how organizations and governments used misinformation, disinformation, censorship, and secrecy to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Various rationales for employing censorship and secrecy during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined including how organizations and governments create confusion about the risks associated with their products and blame avoidance to shift responsibility and to avoid accountability for their actions. Methods of censorship employed during the COVID-19 pandemic are reviewed, examples are provided, and the consequences of these actions are reviewed. Information included in this review was obtained from scientific papers, government documents, mass media articles, books, and personal accounts of physicians and scientists. We examine how the use of censorship and secrecy created a challenge for scientists, physicians, politicians, and the general public in trying to understand COVID-related topics. Finally, strategies for managing censorship and secrecy during a pandemic are presented
Conceptual Critical Success Factors Model on Infrastructure Sustainability Rating System for California Construction Projects
Get PDFThis report addresses the sensitivity and reliability of the sustainability rating systems by comparing each category’s verified scores with its respective submitted scores to evaluate how points are awarded for infrastructure projects, examine which categories present the most challenges for verification, and identify the best category for verification in the sustainability rating system. The authors conducted three analyses using credit score data obtained from fourteen actual civil infrastructure projects certified under Envision. First, the Natural World category had the highest average score from the submitted and verified data. Pairwise comparisons using t-tests indicate that the mean value of one category does not differ statistically from that of other categories. Second, a one-way analysis of variance found no statistically significant differences among the five categories’ scores. Two-sample t-tests for comparing the submitted credit scores and the verified credit scores demonstrated no statistically significant difference in all five categories. However, the results showed that the verified credit scores are 18.63% lower than the submitted credit scores for all five categories. Third, multiple comparisons (Hsu’s MCB) showed that the Natural World category is the best category with 95% confidence. The results also indicated that the Quality of Life, Leadership, New World, and Climate and Risk categories have a higher possibility of being verified on a similar level, proving that those projects are close to the “best” category and present fewer challenges to be certified than the Resource Allocation category. The findings from this report will provide sustainability managers and project teams with insights into credit implementation in the pre-design stage of potential infrastructure projects that may pursue the certification process
Spartan Daily, February 20, 2025
Get PDFVolume 164, Issue 13https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartan_daily_2025/1012/thumbnail.jp