International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478)
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The sustainability of entrepreneurship for economic development in South Africa
Get PDFPrevious studies indicate the adverse effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship sustainability and socio-economic development. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused an economic crisis in global economies. This study acknowledged that entrepreneurship is a crucial component to consider in mitigating the aftereffects of the pandemic on economies and their recovery. The study examines the characteristics that encourage the survival of entrepreneurship in the COVID-19 pandemic environment and investigates the link between entrepreneurship and long-term development. The study evaluated the relevant literature to validate the correlations between the key variables to accomplish this goal. Given the setting of the Coronavirus pandemic, the study determines what the future of entrepreneurship will look like. The study is interested in knowing what path the entrepreneurs will choose regarding recovery. The method used to perform this study was a judgemental survey on the future trends in entrepreneurship. According to the findings, the top three positions are freelancing, internet and innovative entrepreneurship, and business globalisation, which will follow the trend in entrepreneurship. The practical implications of this research support entrepreneurs in their pursuit of new business trends
The influence of transformational leadership on employee performance across generations (Gen X, Gen Y, Gen Z) with employee motivation as a mediating variable: Case study at PT. BCA, Tbk. regional office VII, Malang City, East Java
Get PDFThis study analyzes the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance across generations (Generation X, Y, and Z) with motivation as a mediating variable, in PT. BCA, Tbk Regional Office VII Malang City. The challenge faced is the difference in generational characteristics that require different leadership approaches to create a productive work environment.The research method used is a quantitative approach with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to employees and analyzed using SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on the motivation and performance of Generation X and Y employees. However, in Generation Z, motivation does not significantly mediate the influence of transformational leadership on performance.These findings show that Generation X is more influenced by financial rewards and compensation, while Generation Y is more motivated by appropriate benefits and appreciation. On the other hand, Generation Z needs leaders with clear direction and charisma rather than traditional incentive-based motivation. Therefore, organizations need to adapt their leadership styles based on the specific needs of each generation to optimally improve employee performance
The effect of perceived advertising values on purchase intention with attitudes towards Instagram advertising as mediating variable : Study on Generation Z on the Malang City
Get PDFThis study aims to analyse the influence of perceived advertising values which include informativeness, entertainment, and irritation on purchase intention through attitudes towards Instagram advertising. This study was conducted on Generation Z who followed Emina\u27s Instagram account in Malang City. Using a quantitative approach, data was obtained through a questionnaire using the purposive sampling method and analyzed using the PLS-SEM model. The results showed that informativeness and entertainment had a positive influence on purchase intention, while irritation had no significant effect. In addition, attitudes towards Instagram advertising have been proven to mediate the relationship between the three elements of perceived advertising values and purchase intention. These findings reinforce the importance of creating informative and entertaining Instagram ads, while minimizing irritating elements to increase positive attitudes towards ads and consumer purchase intent. This research makes a theoretical contribution by supporting the theory of Planned Behavior and offers practical insights for marketers in designing advertising strategies on social media
Bridging causal explanation and predictive modeling: the role of PLS-SEM
Get PDFPartial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling has gained considerable attention across diverse academic fields, including business, social sciences, marketing, and management. A key challenge in utilizing PLS-SEM is balancing explanatory and predictive power when selecting the most suitable model from competing alternatives. This paper explores the effectiveness of various quality criteria for evaluating causal-predictive models, with a focus on resistance to change in Vietnamese SMEs. The study emphasizes the importance of both in-sample and out-of-sample predictions, using metrics such as R², BIC, AIC, Q², RMSE, MAE, and CVPAT. The findings reveal that traditional criteria like R² may not be sufficient for identifying the best model, while PLSpredict, CVPAT, BIC, and AIC offer superior performance in determining the optimal balance between explanatory and predictive capabilities. These insights provide practical implications for researchers and practitioners, highlighting the need to tailor model selection to specific objectives, such as theory development or real-world forecasting. For practitioners, the study underscores the benefits of leveraging simpler, more generalizable models for robust decision-making in dynamic or resource-constrained environments
A critical analysis of the marketing mix elements of small businesses in the retail sector in Durban Central Business District
Get PDFIn an incisive analysis of the marketing mix\u27s impact on small retail businesses in Durban\u27s Central Business District (CBD), this study scrutinizes the extended 7Ps framework: product, price, place, promotion, process, people and physical evidence. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, data from 217 owner-managers, captured via a 5-point Likert scale, were analysed through ANOVA and Tukey\u27s HSD tests, unearthing deep insights. The findings disrupt conventional marketing paradigms, revealing that an intense focus on product attributes does not correlate with enhanced performance. Small businesses that maintained competitive, yet balanced pricing mechanisms outstripped are those that engages in fierce price wars, underscoring the dangers of excessive price reductions. Strategic promotional activities and well-considered choice locations were pivotal, whereas overemphasis on physical evidence and internal processes proved detrimental. The study results advocate for a balanced, strategic approach to the marketing mix, urging small businesses to rethink traditional priorities. This study offers crucial guidance for business owners seeking to optimize performance and calls for targeted policy measures to support the retail sector’s growth and sustainability
Green human resource management practices and organizational sustainability performance in Pakistan\u27s healthcare sector: a descriptive analysis
Get PDFThe 21st century has witnessed a rapid surge in industrial pollution, accompanied by the depletion of natural resources, prompting a collective call to action. As a result, the greening of corporations and ecological sustainability has emerged as a matter of paramount importance for decision-makers worldwide. This study, thereby, aims to examine the implementation of environmentally responsible (Green) human resource management practices in the health sector and their influence on organizational sustainability performance. Methodologically, a descriptive approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire survey to collect data from 250 healthcare employees within Pakistan\u27s healthcare sector. The study\u27s statistical outcomes indicate that green hiring positively influences economic performance but not social and environmental performance. However, green training, involvement, performance management, and compensation are all positively related to organizational sustainability performance, encompassing social, economic, and environmental aspects in Pakistan’s healthcare sector. By summing up, this study concludes the significance of customizing green HR practices for enhancing sustainability performance in the healthcare sector. It underscores the crucial role played by green human resource management practices and their impact on organizational sustainability performance in a developing country context, specifically in Pakistan
Analyzing the effects of social media, customer-to-customer interactions, and traditional marketing on customer decision-making through brand preference: insights from Greater Jakarta\u27s Insurance Market
Get PDFThe customer journey towards purchase has received substantial attention from businesses and academics, especially in relationship marketing and customer engagement. This interest has intensified due to the rise of social media, enabling customer-to-customer interactions alongside conventional marketing strategies. Customers increasingly seek information independently in the life insurance sector, and comprehending the decision-making process is critical. In Indonesia, low insurance literacy and inclusion add to the challenges of the traditional, face-to-face sales process. This research empirically investigates the impact of social media and traditional marketing communications on customer-to-customer interactions and subsequent customer decision-making. Brand preference is examined as a mediating variable. Quantitative methods, including online questionnaires and expert interviews, were employed in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia, targeting non-life insurance customers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) via LISREL was utilized to analyze data from 310 respondents. Results indicate that while social media communications have an insignificant impact on customer-to-customer interactions (t-value 1.15), traditional marketing communications positively influence customer-to-customer interactions (t-value 11.87). Customer-to-customer interactions also found to positively influence brand preference (t-value 10.14) while brand preference positively influences customer decision-making (t-value 3.86) Additionally, customer-to-customer interactions positively affect customer decision-making (t-value 3.54), with brand preference mediating this relationship (t-value 3.85)
Midwives’ descriptions of policies on access to maternity health services in North West Province, South Africa
Get PDFThe study sought to explore and describe the various policies regarding access to Maternity health care services in the North West Province, South Africa, through the lens of midwives. Legal and ethical frameworks guide maternity healthcare services to ensure such a service\u27s quality, safety, and standardization. A qualitative, descriptive, explorative research design was followed. Nine purposefully sampled midwives participated in a one-on-one in-depth interview. Data were analyzed using Collaizi\u27s descriptive method based on the emerging themes and categories. One overarching theme with six categories emerged from the data. From the overarching perspective, it was evident that midwives were dissatisfied with the ambiguity of various policies guiding patients\u27 access to Maternity healthcare services. To a certain extent, the admission policy was inconsistent with the patient\u27s rights and constitution of the land on access to health. The ambiguity of admission position led to uncontrolled movements of self-referred patients to clinical facilities. The ambiguity of the transfer policy contributed to challenges during interfacility transfers of referred patients from lower levels of care facilities and vice versa. In addition, the policy on escorts of patients was unspecific about the healthcare personnel required to escort complicated patients in transit, which caused care interruptions. The study findings highlight the Midwives\u27 concerns regarding various policies of access to maternity health services, and the marked ineffectiveness of controlling patients\u27 movement into facilities could be the reason for overcrowding, inadvertently causing a decline in the quality of maternity healthcare services. The study findings may alert policymakers to be cautious and ensure that policies are succinct and consistent with other related laws
Building bridges: impact of regional cooperation and the belt and road initiative integration on Afghanistan’s trade balance
Get PDFThe main purpose of the study is to shed light on how the Belt and Road Initiative, Foreign Direct Investment, and Regional Cooperation affect Afghanistan\u27s Trade Balance. In research, we used a mixed-methods approach to thoroughly investigate the relationships among distinct variables. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis were carried out using SPSS and AMOS was utilized in the research to validate the data and establish a measurement model, for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The study found that integration with BRI has a significant impact on Afghanistan’s trade balance (M = 3.925, SD = 1.048), with effective regional cooperation Afghanistan can enhance trade, ease barriers, and promote cooperation with neighboring countries (M = 4.017, SD = 1.095). Trade Balance (M = 3.938, SD = 1.112), Also, the importance of attracting FDI is to boost exports and reduce dependence on imports and it is necessary to implement policies for sustainable development (M = 3.983, SD = 1.096). To promote trade, and cooperation and ensure prosperity in the region, the governments can utilize strategic cooperation and create investment opportunities. In conclusion, the study found the importance of cooperation, strategies, and attracting FDI to address both trade facilitation and promote investment for a positive impact on trade balance and influence development
Exploring the factors influencing intergenerational survival of family-owned passenger bus companies (FOPBCs) in emerging markets: a case for Zimbabwe
Get PDFThis paper sought to explore the factors influencing the intergenerational survival of FOPBCs in Zimbabwe. An exploratory research design was used to collect data from a population of 153 participants, made up of founders, managers, and inspectors working for FOPBCs in Harare, Zimbabwe. A 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire was designed and self-administered to the participants. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) utilizing Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) extraction and Oblique with Kaizer Normalization Rotation, in IBM SPSS Statistics v 26, was used to examine the factors influencing survival of FOPBCs in Zimbabwe. An 8-factor solution, accounting for 84.76% of the total variance was established and all the factors were named accordingly. The factors which emanated from the EFA were succession planning, family entrepreneurial orientation, family total resources, leadership, management, strategic planning, corporate governance, and the external environment. The study concluded that, while all FOPBCs were affected by the external environment, firms capable of effectively implementing, monitoring, and controlling the other seven factors had higher chances of witnessing successful intergenerational business transitions. A clear strategy incorporating succession planning, family entrepreneurial orientation, family total resources, leadership, management at the same time upholding corporate governance practices will see FOPBCs surviving across generations