38978 research outputs found
Sort by
Anxiety, Depression and Wellbeing among Adolescents in Baghdad and Basra and the Correlation with the Socioeconomic Status
No full textCross-sectional study about Anxiety, Depression, Wellbeing and Socioeconomic Status in Students Ranging Grade Level 8-12 in Baghdad and Basr
Marketing with Soul Theory
No full textThe origins of Marketing with Soul Theory can be traced to a question that emerged repeatedly in both academic dialogue and professional observation: Why does marketing, despite its increasing analytical sophistication, often struggle to sustain long-term trust? Since 2016, my research trajectory has been guided by this question. Over the past decade, marketing systems have become technologically advanced, algorithmically refined, and globally interconnected. Yet paradoxically, public skepticism toward corporate narratives has intensified.
This tension suggests that technical intelligence alone is insufficient. Markets do not operate solely through predictive analytics or behavioral segmentation; they operate within human consciousness. Consumers interpret not only what organizations offer, but why they offer it and how they embody their declared values. Trust has evolved from transactional reliability into moral evaluation.
Marketing with Soul Theory emerged from sustained inquiry into this transformation. The objective has not been to romanticize marketing or detach it from strategic rigor. Rather, it has been to develop a framework that integrates empirical precision with ethical depth what I conceptualize as humanistic authority.
Humanistic authority does not imply moral grandstanding or normative imposition. It refers to the capacity of institutions and scholars to unite analytical competence with ethical reflexivity. It recognizes that marketing is not merely a tool of exchange but a participant in the construction of social meaning.
Contemporary marketing scholarship has made significant contributions in modeling consumer behavior, optimizing digital engagement, and measuring brand equity. However, much of this work has implicitly assumed that efficiency and growth constitute the primary objectives of strategic design.
While economic vitality remains essential, the exclusive prioritization of performance metrics has generated structural imbalance. Brands frequently articulate social commitments sustainability, inclusivity, community empowerment yet public audiences evaluate whether such commitments are genuinely integrated or merely instrumentalized.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Reclaiming the Moral Core of Marketing
This opening chapter establishes the intellectual foundation of Marketing with Soul Theory by identifying the structural imbalance within contemporary marketing scholarship. While modern marketing has achieved remarkable technological precision through data analytics, behavioral modeling, and digital optimization it has frequently neglected the moral and existential dimensions of exchange.
The chapter introduces the central thesis: sustainable legitimacy in global markets depends upon the integration of ethical intentionality and relational dignity into strategic design. Rather than positioning ethics as regulatory compliance or peripheral corporate social responsibility, this chapter argues for a conceptual reconstruction in which moral coherence becomes the ontological foundation of marketing systems.
Drawing upon research initiated in 2016 by Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad (YER), the introduction outlines the intellectual motivation behind the theory and presents the notion of humanistic authority the integration of empirical rigor, cultural literacy, and ethical reflexivity. This chapter clarifies why markets must be understood as human institutions embedded in lived experience, and it establishes the book’s commitment to conceptual novelty and indexable scholarly contribution.
Chapter 2 The Ontology of Exchange: From Transaction to Moral Encounter
Chapter Two reframes exchange as more than the transfer of value. Traditional marketing theory conceptualizes exchange as mutual benefit optimization. This chapter expands the analytical horizon by interpreting exchange as a moral encounter between institutions and persons.
Here, the “soul” of marketing is defined not as metaphysical abstraction, but as the recognition of human dignity within economic interaction. Through theoretical synthesis and empirical observations, the chapter argues that every marketing act carries symbolic and ethical implications.
The conceptual novelty lies in repositioning exchange within moral ontology. Rather than viewing consumer behavior solely as response to stimuli, this framework recognizes consumers as meaning-makers who evaluate institutional intention. Marketing thus becomes a space of ethical negotiation and identity formation.
Chapter 3 Humanistic Authority: Redefining Expertise in Marketing
This chapter introduces humanistic authority as the central normative and strategic paradigm of the theory. It critiques technocratic models that equate authority with analytical competence alone. While analytics remain indispensable, they are insufficient without ethical integration.
Humanistic authority encompasses three interdependent dimensions:
1. Empirical credibility
2. Ethical intentionality
3. Cultural sensitivity
The chapter demonstrates, through research findings since 2016, that organizations perceived as embodying humanistic authority exhibit stronger relational durability and crisis resilience. Authority, in this framework, derives not from persuasive power but from moral coherence.
The chapter further establishes measurable constructs Moral Intentionality Alignment (MIA), Relational Dignity Recognition (RDR), and Existential Value Resonance (EVR) which operationalize humanistic authority within empirical research contexts.
Chapter 4 Cultural Consciousness and Symbolic Resonance
Chapter Four situates marketing within cultural ecosystems. Markets are not culturally neutral; they operate within narratives shaped by history, identity, and collective aspiration.
This chapter integrates cultural sociology and marketing scholarship to argue that symbolic resonance determines relational trust. Brands are interpreted as cultural actors whose narratives must align with communal meaning systems.
Through cross-contextual case analysis, the chapter illustrates how cultural misalignment leads to symbolic fragility, while cultural literacy strengthens legitimacy. The conceptual novelty here lies in operationalizing symbolic alignment as a measurable strategic variable rather than treating culture as abstract background condition.
Chapter 5 Digital Transparency and Ethical Visibility
The digital era has transformed marketing into a highly visible and participatory arena. Social media ecosystems amplify both credibility and critique. Chapter Five examines how digitalization intensifies the demand for authenticity.
The research conducted since 2016 indicates that digital legitimacy depends upon narrative coherence across platforms. Performative declarations without structural commitment are rapidly exposed.
This chapter introduces the concept of ethical visibility the degree to which institutional conduct withstands digital scrutiny. Ethical visibility requires congruence between messaging and practice. Marketing with soul thus becomes not optional virtue, but structural necessity in digitally networked societies.
Chapter 6 Measuring the Soul: Methodology and Empirical Validation
To meet international academic standards, conceptual innovation must be accompanied by methodological rigor. Chapter Six outlines the mixed-method research design underpinning the theory.
It presents qualitative narrative mapping, quantitative perception modeling, longitudinal trust measurement, and cross-sector comparative analysis conducted since 2016.
The chapter demonstrates statistically significant relationships between moral intentionality, symbolic resonance, and trust durability. By operationalizing previously abstract ethical constructs, this chapter ensures that Marketing with Soul Theory remains empirically testable and indexable within Scopus Q1 publication frameworks.
Chapter 7 Strategic Transformation: Implementing Marketing with Soul
Chapter Seven translates theoretical insight into strategic application. It offers a framework for institutional transformation grounded in humanistic authority.
Key strategic implications include:
• Embedding ethical reflexivity into executive decision-making
• Cultivating cultural literacy as core competency
• Designing participatory brand narratives
• Integrating dignity recognition into customer engagement systems
This chapter emphasizes that marketing with soul does not oppose profitability. Instead, it reframes profitability as sustainable only when rooted in relational trust. The practical model presented demonstrates how organizations can integrate moral intentionality without sacrificing competitive advantage.
Chapter 8 Conclusion: Toward an Ethically Enduring Market Civilization
The concluding chapter synthesizes the theoretical and empirical contributions of the book. It reaffirms that the future of marketing depends not merely on technological sophistication but on moral depth.
The conclusion articulates three enduring propositions:
1. Markets are human institutions grounded in dignity.
2. Legitimacy emerges from moral coherence and symbolic resonance.
3. Humanistic authority defines the next paradigm of marketing scholarship.
Reflecting on the research journey initiated in 2016, Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad (YER) underscores that marketing with soul is neither sentimental aspiration nor ideological agenda. It is a structurally necessary evolution within increasingly transparent and ethically attentive societies.
The chapter closes by inviting future scholars to expand empirical testing, integrate artificial intelligence ethics, and continue refining interdisciplinary dialogue. Marketing, when guided by soul, becomes not only an engine of economic growth but a contributor to ethical market civilization.
Final Orientation
This eight-chapter structure presents a coherent progression: from theoretical diagnosis, through conceptual reconstruction, to empirical validation and strategic application. Each chapter advances humanistic authority as both normative commitment and measurable construct.
Together, they articulate Marketing with Soul Theory as a paradigm grounded in conceptual novelty, empirical rigor, and ethical depth aligned with international academic standards and prepared for sustained scholarly engagement.
Since 2016, my empirical investigations across diverse sectors have revealed a recurring pattern: organizations that cultivate coherent moral intentionality demonstrate stronger relational durability than those that prioritize visibility over authenticity. This observation necessitated a theoretical expansion beyond transactional paradigms.
Marketing with Soul Theory proposes that the “soul” of marketing resides in three interwoven dimensions:
1. Moral intentionality
2. Relational dignity
3. Existential resonance
Together, these dimensions redefine marketing from persuasion-centered activity to ethically grounded relational practice.
The term “soul” in this framework is neither metaphysical abstraction nor theological assertion. It represents the intrinsic human dimension of exchange the recognition that markets consist of persons with histories, vulnerabilities, and aspirations.
To speak of marketing with soul is to affirm that economic interaction must respect human dignity. It requires alignment between declared purpose and operational behavior. It demands that institutions engage communities not as exploitable targets but as relational partners.
This perspective challenges reductionist assumptions that treat consumers as data points. While data analytics remain indispensable, they must be interpreted through ethical awareness. Predictive precision without moral coherence generates reputational fragility.
Thus, soul becomes a conceptual category capturing the integration of intention, authenticity, and relational respect.
Humanistic authority forms the normative and epistemological anchor of this theory. It integrates three elements:
• Empirical rigor
• Ethical reflexivity
• Cultural literacy
Empirical rigor ensures that theoretical propositions are measurable and replicable. Ethical reflexivity demands continuous examination of institutional assumptions and power asymmetries. Cultural literacy requires understanding of symbolic contexts and communal narratives.
Since 2016, my research has demonstrated that these elements reinforce one another. Ethical reflection strengthens brand credibility; cultural awareness enhances symbolic resonance; empirical measurement validates relational outcomes.
Humanistic authority thus transcends binary debates between profitability and responsibility. It affirms that long-term economic sustainability depends upon moral coherence.
Traditional marketing theory conceptualizes exchange as the transfer of value between buyer and seller. Marketing with Soul Theory reinterprets exchange as transformative encounter. Every interaction carries symbolic meaning. Every brand narrative participates in shaping identity.
Transformation occurs when organizations align their mission with the lived experiences of communities. This alignment requires humility. It demands listening before messaging and dialogue before declaration.
My research findings since 2016 indicate that brands perceived as authentically engaged cultivate trust durability that extends beyond product cycles. Such organizations are not immune to crisis, but they possess relational capital that facilitates recovery.
Transformation, therefore, is not rhetorical flourish; it is measurable through longitudinal trust indices and stakeholder advocacy patterns.
Digital environments intensify the necessity of marketing with soul. Social media platforms amplify transparency and accelerate reputational evaluation. Symbolic inconsistency is rapidly exposed. Performative ethics statements unaccompanied by structural action erode trust.
In digitally mediated markets, audiences function as co-narrators. They reinterpret, critique, and redistribute brand messages. This participatory dynamic requires organizations to cultivate authenticity not as communication tactic but as operational principle.
Research within this program has consistently shown that digital legitimacy depends upon narrative coherence across platforms and sustained ethical commitment. Marketing with soul therefore emphasizes congruence between online messaging and offline behavior.
The conceptual novelty of this work lies in its ontological reframing of marketing ethics. Rather than positioning responsibility as compliance requirement, it situates moral coherence at the structural core of strategy.
Three core constructs operationalize this framework:
• Moral Intentionality Alignment (MIA) – The measurable congruence between stated mission and enacted practice.
• Relational Dignity Recognition (RDR) – The extent to which marketing communications respect consumer agency.
• Existential Value Resonance (EVR) – The alignment between brand meaning and deeper human aspirations.
These constructs are empirically testable and adaptable across cultural contexts. They enable quantitative validation while preserving conceptual depth.
The global marketplace today is characterized by polarization, environmental crisis, and social inequality. Marketing cannot remain indifferent to these realities. Institutions wield symbolic influence; with influence comes responsibility.
Ethical reflexivity requires organizations to evaluate not only profit outcomes but social impact. It involves transparency, accountability, and willingness to engage in dialogue.
Importantly, ethical reflexivity strengthens rather than weakens strategic positioning. Evidence from longitudinal case analysis suggests that stakeholders reward authenticity and punish inconsistency.
Thus, the integration of soul into marketing is not sentimental aspiration; it is strategic necessity.
Marketing with Soul Theory draws from multiple intellectual traditions ethical philosophy, relational sociology, cultural studies, and strategic management. This interdisciplinary orientation enhances explanatory depth and broadens empirical applicability.
Markets are social institutions embedded within moral and cultural ecosystems. Understanding them requires analytical tools beyond economic modeling alone.
By bridging disciplines, this work seeks to expand marketing scholarship into more holistic territory without sacrificing methodological rigor.
Since initiating this research in 2016, I have become increasingly convinced that scholars bear responsibility not only to analyze markets but to contribute to their ethical evolution. Academic inquiry shapes managerial education, policy dialogue, and institutional norms.
Humanistic authority thus extends to scholarship itself. It calls for intellectual honesty, methodological transparency, and humility before complexity.
Marketing with soul is not a final answer but an invitation an invitation to rethink how economic systems intersect with human dignity.
The chapters that follow elaborate theoretical foundations, empirical validations, and strategic implications of Marketing with Soul Theory. They explore digital accountability, cross-cultural resonance, and the operationalization of moral alignment.
The ambition of this book is neither utopian nor simplistic. It acknowledges competitive realities and technological acceleration. Yet it insists that strategic excellence must coexist with ethical coherence.
Markets endure when they are trusted. Trust endures when it is grounded in integrity.
This preface serves as intellectual orientation rather than conclusion. It clarifies the normative commitment and empirical grounding that guide this work. Since 2016, the development of Marketing with Soul Theory has been shaped by continuous observation, methodological refinement, and ethical reflection.
The future of marketing will be determined not solely by innovation speed but by moral depth. Organizations capable of integrating analytics with authenticity, strategy with sincerity, and growth with dignity will cultivate enduring legitimacy.
In that integration lies the essence of marketing with soul
Generative AI Readiness in Teacher Education: A Mixed-Methods Study of Pre-Service Teachers’ Competencies, Strategies, and Support Needs
No full textAs Generative AI tools become more embedded in educational practice, teacher education faces urgent questions about readiness, ethical use, and pedagogical integration. This demands both robust measurement tools and deeper understanding of pre-service teachers’ evolving relationships with GenAI technologies. This cross-sectional mixed-methods study, conducted between April 2024 to March 2025, investigated Finnish pre-service teachers’ (PST) GenAI readiness during the early stages of adoption. The study has three aims: (1) to validate the GenAI Readiness instrument by combining data from a previously published pilot study (April - June 2024; N = 56; Bui et al., 2025) and a subsequent data collection (October 2024- March 2025; N = 114), yielding a total sample of N = 170; (2) to examine participants’ experiences, challenges, coping strategies and support needs through thematic analysis of open-ended responses; and (3) to integrate quantitative and qualitative findings using joint displays and meta-inferences, through which qualitative insights helped explain and contextualize quantitative patterns. Findings suggest that GenAI readiness is both a measurable psychological construct and a developmental experience. Usage frequency emerged as the strongest predictor of readiness dimensions; perceived accuracy concerns persisted regardless of users’ confidence or experience level. Most importantly, PSTs demonstrated operational fluency with GenAI tools while showing limited metacognitive and self-regulated learning applications, indicating that hands-on experience alone does not cultivate the critical judgment required for a responsible use of GenAI. These patterns point to a broader reconceptualization of human-AI interaction in education: GenAI is increasingly positioned as a collaborative partner for cognitive exploration rather than an authoritative source, demanding ongoing critical evaluation rather than passive consumption. Implications highlight the need for teacher education programs to move beyond technical and procedural training toward cultivating evaluative judgment, structured verification practices, and the capacity to model critical, reflective GenAI engagement for students
When the Eyes Disappear: Neural Dynamics of Emotion Recognition Under Natural vs Artificial Eye Occlusion
No full textThis preregistered study examines how reduced visibility of the eye region changes the processing of emotional facial expressions. Although eye occlusion is often treated as a single manipulation, natural eye states (closed eyes) and artificial occlusion (sunglasses) carry different social meanings and may not affect emotion recognition in the same way. Participants will view faces expressing fear, happiness, or neutral affect with open eyes, closed eyes, or sunglasses and will identify the expressed emotion. We will assess behavioural performance and EEG-derived markers of early perceptual encoding, early affective relevance detection, and later evaluative processing to test whether natural and artificial eye occlusion produce dissociable effects across processing stages
Classifying Child-Directed Speech and Shared Book Reading from LENA: Language-Specific Modeling and Temporal Resolution Effects
No full textLanguage directed to children predicts early language development, motivating efforts to automate annotation in large-scale naturalistic corpora. Prior validation has focused on Western languages, underexploring typologically distinct systems such as Korean. This study evaluated machine learning–based classification of caregiver–child interactional contexts in daylong Korean recordings, addressing three research objectives: examining the relative performance of cross-linguistic transfer versus language-specific training; evaluating the impact of 1-minute versus 5-minute temporal resolution in training; and exploring the automatic detection of shared book reading (BR), a low-frequency but developmentally important subtype of child-directed speech. The model pretrained on English and Spanish recordings generalize poorly to Korean data, while training the same model architecture on Korean recordings substantially improved performance. This indicates that patterns captured in LENA-derived acoustic and conversational features may not be readily portable across languages without adaptation. Automated detection of shared book reading showed moderate reliability, likely reflecting its sparse distribution in naturalistic data, though classification performance showed strong discriminative ability. These findings support the feasibility of scalable, automated analysis of early language environments in a non-Western context, and highlight the importance of language-specific training for extending automated approaches across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts
Evaluating the Neurotrophic Mechanisms of Hericium erinaceus in Mood Regulation: Emerging Evidence and Translational Barriers
No full textBackground: The limitations of current monoaminergic antidepressants in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) have driven exploratory interest in neurotrophic compounds. Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane), a macrofungus containing cyathane diterpenoids, has demonstrated putative neurogenic properties in preclinical models. Aims: This narrative review critically evaluates the evidence regarding the neurobiological mechanisms of H. erinaceus and its translational viability in clinical mood regulation. Methods: A targeted review of peer-reviewed literature (January 2010–February 2024) evaluated evidence across a hierarchy from in vitro cell cultures to human pilot trials. Inclusion logic prioritized studies utilizing chemically characterized extracts and validated psychiatric instruments. Results: Preclinical murine data suggest that H. erinaceus upregulates nerve growth factor (NGF) and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. However, clinical translation remains premature. Existing human trials report exploratory improvements in mood scores but are constrained by small sample sizes, lack of robust blinding, and heterogeneous clinical profiles. Furthermore, clinical human pharmacokinetics, long-term safety profiles, and extract standardization remain poorly characterized. Conclusion: H. erinaceus represents a biologically plausible target for investigation. However, clinical recommendations are currently unsubstantiated. Rigorous, large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are required to establish causal therapeutic efficacy and isolate specific neurotrophic mechanisms from epiphenomenal psychological effects
Figures & Visualizations (figures)
No full textDiagrams, pathway visualizations, and mechanistic figures including VDAC1 gate-opening schematic, GJS cofactor equation diagram, therapeutic stack cascade, experiment dependency tree, and 9-month execution timeline
Definitions, Diagnostic Strategies and Management of Suspected Necrotizing Enterocolitis (Bell Stage I) in Preterm Infants ≤32 Weeks’ Gestation: A Scoping Review
No full textBackground
Suspected necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or Bell stage I is frequently diagnosed in preterm infants but remains poorly standardized regarding definition, diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management. Despite being traditionally considered a benign or transitional condition, emerging registry data suggest possible associations with adverse outcomes. Clinical practice varies substantially across institutions, particularly regarding imaging strategies, antibiotic use, bowel rest duration, and refeeding protocols.
Objective
To systematically map current definitions, diagnostic work-up strategies, and management approaches for suspected NEC / Bell stage I in preterm infants ≤32 weeks’ gestation.
Review Type
Scoping review conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR.
Eligibility Criteria
Population
Preterm infants ≤32+0 weeks’ gestation.
Concept
Suspected NEC, NEC rule-out, Bell stage I (including IA/IB).
Context
NICU settings; all countries, languages, and time periods.
Study types
Observational studies, interventional studies, clinical pathways, institutional protocols from peer institutions, and clinical guidelines.
Exclusion
Studies reporting only confirmed NEC (Bell II/III) without separate data for stage I.
Case reports with n < 5.
Animal studies.
Studies addressing only feeding intolerance without reference to suspected NEC.
Information Sources
MEDLINE (PubMed)
Embase
Cochrane CENTRAL
Web of Science / Scopus
Structured web search for institutional clinical pathways (peer institutions only)
Outcomes (if reported)
Diagnostic criteria
Imaging strategy (radiography, abdominal ultrasound)
Antibiotic regimens and duration
Bowel rest duration
Refeeding protocols
Reported progression and mortality (if available)
Data Charting
Two independent reviewers will screen titles/abstracts and full texts. Data will be extracted using a piloted standardized form
Teachers' Understanding of Numeracy - DataSet
No full text1. Dataset_RawData.xlsx
2. Dataset_RaschCode.tx
Effectiveness of virtual reality intervention for anxiety, depression and fear: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textMental health is a critical component of overall well-being worldwide, and the growing prevalence of mental health issues underscores the need for accessible web-based health services. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a widely used tool in the treatment of psychological disorders, including anxiety and depression. Evaluating the efficacy of VR-based interventions is therefore essential. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the effects of VR interventions on anxiety, depression, and fear. A systematic search was conducted across seven electronic databases, resulting in the inclusion of 60 studies that evaluated the efficacy of VR interventions