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The relationship between state-level blood lead testing policy and blood lead testing rate in the United States: a scoping review
No full textChildhood lead exposure remains a persistent public health concern in the United States due to the well-documented neurodevelopmental harms associated with low levels of exposure. Blood lead testing is the primary method used to identify children with elevated blood lead levels and initiate appropriate public health response. Despite national recommendations for childhood blood lead testing, implementation varies widely across states. Some states require universal blood lead testing for all children at specified ages, while others rely on targeted screening based on risk factors such as geographic location, housing age, or insurance status. The extent to which these differing policy approaches influence testing uptake remains unclear.
The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the relationship between state-level blood lead testing policies and childhood blood lead testing rates in the United States. In addition to comparing universal and targeted testing approaches, the review aims to identify broader determinants that influence screening uptake, including structural supports, provider practices, clinical workflows, and family or community-level access conditions. This review will follow the methodological framework for scoping reviews developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and is reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR. Peer-reviewed studies will be identified through database searches of PubMed, EBSCOHost, and Google Scholar. A structured gray literature search was also conducted to compile information on state blood lead testing policies and related regulatory guidance. Data from eligible sources will be extracted to characterize policy approaches, reported testing rates, and factors influencing testing implementation. Quantitative comparisons will examine differences in testing rates between states with universal and targeted screening policies, while qualitative synthesis will be used to identify recurring themes related to structural infrastructure, provider decision-making, and barriers to access. The expected outcome of this project is a comprehensive mapping of the current evidence on how policy design and system-level factors influence childhood blood lead testing rates in the United States. Findings will help clarify how screening policies function in practice and identify opportunities to strengthen childhood lead surveillance and prevention efforts
Light-Curve Classification of Resident Space Objects for Space Situational Awareness: A Scoping Review
No full textThe proliferation of Resident Space Objects (RSOs), including satellites, rocket bodies, and debris, poses escalating challenges for Space Situational Awareness (SSA). Optical light curves, which capture temporal brightness variations, encode information about object type, attitude state, viewing geometry, and surface properties. This paper presents a systematic scoping review of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods for RSO classification using light-curve data. From 295 peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2025, a screened subset of 25 works is selected for detailed methodological comparison. We trace the methodological evolution from handcrafted feature engineering toward convolutional, recurrent, and self-supervised models that learn representations directly from photometric time series. An analysis of three publicly accessible databases, Mini Mega TORTORA, Space Debris Light Curve Database, and Ukrainian Database, reveals pronounced class imbalance, with payloads comprising over 80% of observations.
While models trained on simulated data routinely achieve 95 to 99% accuracy, performance on measured light curves degrades to 75 to 92%, exposing a persistent gap between simulation and observation. We further identify data scarcity, repeated observations of the same objects, and inconsistent evaluation protocols as key barriers to reproducible benchmarking. Future progress will require benchmark-ready, sensor-aware datasets spanning diverse orbital regimes and viewing geometries, alongside physics-informed and transfer-learning approaches that improve robustness across sensors and between synthetic and observational domains
Greater Resilience Information Toolkit Japanese Version (GRIT-J)
No full textThe purpose of the present study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial of the behavioral intervention for Japanese nurses, called Greater Resilience Information Toolkit Japanese Version (GRIT-J), to reduce stress and burnout by enhancing resilience. GRIT trains participants to serve as GRIT coaches, who initiate and guide supportive conversations with colleagues experiencing stress or adversity. The GRIT comprises five self-guided modules incorporating psychoeducational videos, written materials, and practical tips. Across modules, the program introduces core concepts related to stress, traumatic stress, resilience, and self-efficacy, as well as principles drawn from Psychological First Aid. The modules collectively present a stepwise framework for initiating supportive communication, recognizing distress, identifying coping strengths, reinforcing existing resources, and encouraging self care. We will recruit 42 Japanese nurses per group (treatment group and comparison group). The treatment group will go through the GRIT program for one month, and the comparison group will be asked to spend time as usual. Stress, burnout, intention to leave, resilience, well-being, social support, coping, and coping self-efficacy will be measured by an online survey before the intervention (baseline) and one month, four months, and seven months after the baseline. We will compare the study variables between the treatment group and comparison group over time.
Expected Outcomes of the Study
Compared to the comparison group, we hypothesize that the GRIT (intervention) group will show improvements in resilience-related outcomes compared with the comparison group. As a consequence of heightened resilience-related factors, we expect that participants in the intervention group will have lower levels of stress, burnout, and intention to leave and higher levels of well-being than those in the comparison group.
Additionally, we will examine the role of resilience-related factors in reducing stress-related factors. We expect that GRIT training will enhance resilience, coping self-efficacy, and social support, which will be further related to reduced stress, burnout, and intention to leave. Conversely, heightened initial stress and burnout are related to lower resilience, coping self-efficacy, and social support, which further result in higher stress and burnout in the long term
Metabolic Disturbances in Long COVID and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Comparative Pathway Analysis
No full textThis double systematic review aimed to outline all metabolites reported as significantly altered in Long COVID and ME/CFS in the PubMed literature, and to investigate differences in the metabolic perturbations between the two conditions. In this repository, we provide files and information supporting the ME/CFS review, including the search terms and search results, risk of bias assessment tool, prompts used to query AI, responses from AI, the manually corrected responses, and a logbook of the review process. Data related to the Long COVID literature review are provided in a separate OSF repository, which is linked to the current repository
Repeating t-test 100 times with Claude and Gemini
No full textWhat happens if we ask Claude and Gemini to repeat a t-test 100 times using data that does not contain a significant difference between Cond1 and Cond2 (p = .077)? Claude erroneously deemed the difference significant 100% of the time. Gemini's performance was better but not perfect: it correctly identified the p-value as non-significant in nearly all trials, and reported the exact value (p = .077) in 40–50% of trials depending on the temperature setting
Sleep Disturbances and Disorders in Children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Scoping Review Protocol
No full textThis research project is a scoping review that is intended to map the current literature on sleep disturbances and disorders in pediatric Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). We aim to answer three primary questions:
1. What is currently know about the prevalence and impact of sleep disorders and disturbances in pediatric TSC?
2. What specific sleep disorders or patterns of sleep disturbances have been characterized and described in the literature?
3. What pharmacological or other interventional research has been done to address the problem of sleep disorders and disturbances in children with TSC
Identity Reconstruction in Widowhood: A Scoping Review
No full textThis research project is a scoping review examining how individuals reconstruct identity and self-concept following spousal loss. Widowhood represents a profound life transition that extends beyond grief to include disruptions in roles, routines, relationships, and embodied meaning. Although psychological outcomes of bereavement are well documented, the processes through which widowed individuals experience identity disruption and reconstruction remain fragmented and under-examined.
Guided by the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework, this review maps the extent, nature, and characteristics of empirical research addressing identity-related constructs following spousal loss among adults aged 65 years and older. The review synthesizes qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies across diverse cultural and geographic contexts.
Expected outcomes include clarification of how identity disruption and reconstruction are conceptualized, identification of contextual factors shaping identity processes, and recognition of gaps in the literature, particularly the lack of theory-informed, identity-focused interventions. Findings will inform future research and nursing approaches to holistic bereavement care
Wave Phase Depletion within Spacetime Torsion Dynamics: A Field-Theoretic Approach... III
No full textAbstract:
This work introduces Wave Phase Depletion (WPD), a novel field-theoretic framework that reinterprets cosmological redshift by bridging spacetime torsion dynamics (STD) with observable phenomena. While the \LambdaCDM model is empirically successful, it faces persistent tensions, such as the 'impossibly early' massive galaxies revealed by JWST (e.g., CEERS-93316). We derive the electromagnetic field equations in a torsioned background, demonstrating that a significant portion of high-redshift observations arises from cumulative phase depletion (\Delta\phi) rather than pure metric expansion. By defining Local Coherence Bubbles (LCBs) and Unstable Spectral Media (USM)—governed by the stability of Owtad (cosmic strings) anchors—our model resolves structural anomalies and redefines cosmic noise as a signature of spacetime dynamics. Numerical simulations validated against JWST datasets (GN-z11, JADES-GS-z13-0) confirm that the PWD torsional range accounts for the observed galaxy maturity. Furthermore, the model provides a unique, falsifiable 'blind prediction': the existence of mature stellar populations at an apparent redshift of z \approx 18.2. This framework preserves the \LambdaCDM baseline without exotic particles, offering a paradigm shift in interpreting cosmological signals through quantum-geometrical constraints
Division of Labour and Team Performance: Human-Human Teams compared to Hybrid Human-Machine Teams
No full textComparing the Team Behaviour and Performance of Human teams to Human-Machine Team