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Do Municipal Voters Punish Partisan Candidates? Evidence from a Newly Partisan Municipal Election
No full textWhile political parties structure competition in national elections, many municipal systems operate without party cues, often reflecting widespread public opposition to local partisanship. It is unclear, however, whether municipal voters would actually punish candidates for affiliating with political parties if given the opportunity. We study this question using Calgary’s 2025 municipal election — the first held after provincial legislation imposed formal parties on a historically nonpartisan system. Drawing on two large surveys fielded before and during the election, each embedding an identical conjoint experiment, we combine causal forest estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects with observational vote choice models to trace the party affiliation penalty from experimental estimates through to real electoral behavior. We find that voters impose a meaningful penalty on partisan candidates that grows rather than fades over time. This penalty is highly uneven: it is concentrated among citizens with strong anti-partisan attitudes and those who hold negative views of the provincial governing party that introduced the reform, suggesting that reactions to municipal parties reflect a mix of sincere anti-partisan commitments — the stronger channel — and conditional responses to the government responsible for the change. Experimentally estimated propensities to punish partisan candidates predict actual vote choice, confirming that anti-partisan sentiment shaped real electoral outcomes. These findings indicate that opposition to municipal parties reflects genuine normative commitments to independent local governance — commitments strong enough to resist accommodation under real electoral conditions — and help explain why nonpartisan equilibria prove so difficult to dislodge
BURNOUT SYNDROME IN TEACHERS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH EXPOSURE TO SCHOOL VIOLENCE: a scoping review
No full textEste estudo tem como objetivo de mapear as evidências disponíveis na literatura científica acerca da relação entre a exposição à violência escolar e o desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout em docentes
The Load-Bearing Function of Psychotherapy: Toward a Structural Understanding of Therapeutic Change
No full textPsychotherapy research has extensively examined what happens in therapy - skill acquisition, insight development, emotional processing, corrective experience - yet the field lacks a unifying structural account of why diverse therapeutic approaches produce change and why treatment length varies so dramatically across clients. This paper proposes that effective therapies share a common function: providing temporary load-bearing support for psychological systems whose capacity has been exceeded, while contributing to the development of internal architecture capable of independent load-bearing. This structural framework reframes treatment duration as a function of pre-existing internal capacity rather than symptom severity alone. Clients with substantial internalised architecture require temporary scaffolding during periods of exceeded capacity; those with limited internal structure require extended therapeutic relationships that provide scaffolding while architecture develops. The framework integrates insights from attachment theory, self-psychology, neurobiological models of co-regulation, and common factors research, generating predictions about treatment response, termination readiness, and relapse vulnerability that are not derivable from symptom-based models. Implications for assessment, treatment planning, and understanding therapeutic change are discussed
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Patterns of Digital Media Use and Their Associations with Sleep and Wellbeing in Adolescents
No full textBy applying factor-analytic methods to identify latent patterns of digital engagement, the primary aim of this study is to test whether these behavioral profiles exert their effects on wellbeing through their impact on sleep
Systematic Review: Eating Disorders/Obesity, Virtual Reality and biomarkers
No full textThis systematic review will identify and summarise studies in people with eating disorders and obesity that applied virtual reality (VR) as diagnostic or therapeutic measure and measured biological markers as outcome in cross-sectional or longitudinal studies
