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Social Gradients in Medically Assisted Reproduction: Treatment Take-Up and Success Rates in Denmark, 2006–2023
No full textWhile a growing body of research documents that women with high socio-economic status (SES) are more likely to give birth following medically assisted reproduction (MAR), fewer studies have investigated the processes that lead to this overrepresentation. In this study, we contribute to the literature on socio-economic gradients in MAR by providing a multi-stage analysis of social gradients across almost two decades. Specifically, we depict trends in annual education and income gradients in the take-up of MAR treatment, the probability of a MAR treatment leading to a live birth, and the prevalence of MAR involvement in births. We use Danish administrative data covering all births and MAR treatments among women aged 25–45 residing in Denmark from 2006–2023. We employ linear probability models adjusted for age groups, partnership status, and relationship duration, and stratify them by parity, treatment type, and clinic type. We document persistent social gradients in all three stages of the MAR process across parity and treatment type. Gradients in treatment take-up were substantially larger at private than at publicly funded clinics, indicating that financial barriers play a substantial role in access. However, the educational gradient in treatment success persisted at similar levels across both public and private clinics and over time, suggesting that nonpecuniary resources also contribute to SES differences in MAR outcomes. The results were robust across alternative specifications: using income as the SES measure, pooling treatments across types, excluding migrants, and estimating unadjusted models. These gradients persisted in the high-income, low-inequality, and heavily subsidized context of Denmark
Mining and Energy Transition: Challenges and Opportunities
No full textThe global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the urgent need for sustainability, environmental responsibility, and economic adaptation. Mining, long considered the backbone of industrial progress, now faces an era where its role must be redefined to align with an energy transition that prioritizes renewable sources, technological innovation, and ethical resource extraction.
In Mining and Energy Transition: Challenges and Opportunities, Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, explores the intricate relationship between the mining sector and the shift toward cleaner energy alternatives. This book presents an in-depth examination of how mining industries can navigate regulatory pressures, technological advancements, and socio-economic expectations while maintaining operational viability. It offers a comprehensive analysis of key factors influencing this transition, from geopolitical implications to the role of digital transformation in resource management.
With a human-centered approach, this book delves into the ethical dimensions of mining, the impact on global communities, and the strategies necessary for an equitable and sustainable transition. Readers will find a compelling discussion on balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship, making it an essential resource for policymakers, industry leaders, and scholars interested in the future of mining and energy.
Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, presents this work as a response to the accelerating global push toward sustainable energy solutions. The demand for renewable energy has grown exponentially, reshaping industries and challenging traditional mining operations to adapt or risk obsolescence. The mining sector, historically associated with environmental degradation and resource depletion, is now at a crossroads—either to integrate sustainable practices or face economic and regulatory decline. This book provides a thorough exploration of how mining can evolve in an era where clean energy is no longer an option but a necessity.
Definition and Fundamental Concepts
Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, establishes the core definitions that underpin this transformation. Mining, once solely defined by the extraction of finite resources, must now be viewed through a lens of circular economies, resource efficiency, and environmental accountability. Energy transition is more than a technological shift—it encompasses policy changes, economic restructuring, and social transformation. The book introduces fundamental concepts such as responsible sourcing, low-carbon mining techniques, and digitalization as catalysts for a greener future.
Key Phenomena Shaping the Transition
Mining industries are facing unparalleled challenges, from stringent environmental regulations to shifting consumer expectations. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, identifies key phenomena influencing this transition, including the rise of electric vehicles and battery technologies, the shift from coal to renewables, and the economic implications of resource nationalism. The book also highlights the global supply chain disruptions that necessitate a re-evaluation of how and where critical minerals are sourced.
Operational Principles in the Era of Energy Transition
For mining to remain relevant in a transitioning world, certain principles must be embraced. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, outlines these principles, which include sustainable resource management, technological integration for efficiency, and corporate social responsibility. The book details how companies can implement eco-friendly mining operations, adopt carbon-neutral practices, and foster community engagement as essential strategies for long-term success.
Indicators of a Successful Transition
The transformation of mining into a sustainable industry requires measurable progress. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, defines key indicators that signal a successful transition. These include reductions in carbon footprints, increased investment in renewable-powered mining operations, enhanced corporate transparency, and improved social license to operate. The book provides case studies of companies leading in sustainability, offering insights into their best practices and lessons learned.
Operational Variables in Mining’s Role in Energy Transition
A dynamic shift in mining operations demands a clear understanding of key variables influencing its role in the energy transition. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, discusses economic viability, regulatory compliance, technological capabilities, and workforce transformation. The book explains how these factors interact to shape the pace and effectiveness of industry adaptation.
Determinant Factors Driving the Shift
The factors driving change in the mining industry are vast and interconnected. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, highlights major determinants such as geopolitical shifts, resource scarcity, international climate agreements, and financial incentives for sustainable practices. The book also explores the role of investor pressure in pushing mining companies toward greener alternatives.
Implementation and Strategic Approaches
Transitioning to sustainable mining practices requires well-defined strategies. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, presents a roadmap for mining companies to implement environmentally responsible and economically viable solutions. The book covers digital transformation, renewable energy integration in mining operations, and strategic partnerships between governments, private sectors, and non-governmental organizations.
Challenges, Supporting Factors, and Obstacles
The path to a sustainable mining future is fraught with challenges. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, analyzes the barriers preventing a smooth transition, from financial constraints to political resistance. The book also explores the role of innovation, policy reforms, and community engagement as supporting factors that can accelerate progress.
Concluding Reflections
In its final chapter, Mining and Energy Transition: Challenges and Opportunities synthesizes key insights into an actionable framework for mining companies and policymakers. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, reinforces the urgent need for proactive adaptation, emphasizing that the future of mining hinges on its ability to align with the broader global energy transformation. The book leaves readers with a thought-provoking call to action: to embrace change, innovate responsibly, and contribute to a sustainable world
Research Trends in Korean Nursing Students’ Patient Safety Competency: A Scoping Review
No full textThis scoping review mapped research on Korean nursing students’ patient safety competency to inform future patient safety education and subsequent study desig
Physical Predictions and Gravitational Limits of the TCFQ Model: A Parameter-Free Mass Ratio and the Cosmological Constant Problem in Hyperbolic Space
No full textThe torsion-coupled field model with constitutive Dirac fermion (TCFQ) on H4 is a U(1) Higgs–Einstein–Cartan theory whose coupling constants are fully determined (up to one free parameter g) by the simultaneous requirements of BPS vortex saturation and one-loop RG fixed point. We derive the complete physical spectrum of the matter sector and identify the ratio mA/mH = √5 as a parameter-free prediction: it depends neither on g nor on any other input. The vortex tension T = 10π/g2 and its universal RG flow dT/d ln µ BPS = −1/(8π) complete the observable sector. We then analyse the gravitational sector and establish that the model cannot generate its H4 background self-consistently in the perturbative regime: the fermionic vacuum energy contributes a term of order g−2 to the effective cosmological constant, requiring a fine-tuned bare Λbare = −3 + 5/(2g2) + O(g0) that is not determined by the constitutive relations. This places the TCFQ model in the class of quantum field theories with a residual cosmological constant problem, and we prove that three natural cancellation mechanisms —an external hierarchy factor, a non-minimal scalar curvature coupling, and minimal supersymmetry— all fail to resolve it within the framework
Benchmarking Attribution Recovery: A Formal Analysis of OLS Robustness in Non-Linear Marketing Ecosystems
No full textAttribution Recovery: Proved that macro-level OLS can accurately recover channel-specific contributions that are often obscured by "Black Box" platform analytics.
Strategic Budgeting: Classified Google Search as a Harvesting Anchor and Meta as a Discovery Engine, providing a mathematical foundation for cross-channel budget allocation.
Privacy Compliance: Demonstrates a viable methodology for measuring capital efficiency without the use of personally identifiable information
The UK policy response to the Commercial Determinants of Health: A Scoping Review Protocol
No full textObjective: This review aims to map the UK policy responses to the commercial determinants of health (CDoH) across multi-level governance.
Introduction: The term CDoH refers to the private sector activities that impact health both positively and negatively. Through strategies, such as marketing and manipulation of public discourse, the commercial and private sector can manufacture environments, influence behaviour and shape social norms. The private sector frequently prioritises profit over health when the two are at odds, often resulting in negative health and equity impacts. Therefore, policy is needed to limit private sector influence. To understand effective next steps in CDoH policy, this review maps UK policy responses that respond to the CDoH in the UK across all levels of governance, comparing responses and highlighting policy gaps and facilitators.
Inclusion criteria: Population (PCC:P): UK population/s including sub-populations, for example, cities, counties and UK-nations. Concept (PCC:C): Any intervention, strategy, and policy addressing or regulating the CDoH in the UK. Context (PCC:C): UK governance including local, regional, devolved, and UK-wide.
Methods: This review aims to map all UK policy responses to CDoH, therefore, a diverse range of sources will be included from a range of academic and grey literature databases. Sources are only included where the full text is available in English and if published since February 2016. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers. Results will be presented both visually and descriptively.
Keywords: Commercial Determinants of Health, Policy, UK governance
Scoping review of governance, enforcement, and compliance mechanisms in circular economy approaches for electronic waste management in developing economies
No full textThe rapid growth of electronic waste (e-waste) has intensified global concern about the environmental, economic, and social consequences of linear production and consumption systems, prompting widespread promotion of circular economy (CE) approaches to extend product lifecycles, recover valuable materials, and reduce health and environmental harms (Goyal & Gupta, 2024; Liu et al., 2023; Omondi et al., 2022; Shahabuddin et al., 2023). While prior research and reviews have largely focused on technical, material, and systems-level dimensions of circular e-waste management—primarily in high-income settings—emerging evidence from low- and middle-income countries highlights substantial variation in CE implementation conditions, effectiveness, and sustainability outcomes (Ddiba et al., 2020; Gaur et al., 2024; Pan et al., 2022; Srivastav et al., 2023). In these contexts, implementation is frequently constrained by limited infrastructure, fragmented regulatory authority, weak monitoring and enforcement capacity, low compliance, and the dominance of informal recycling systems. Increasingly, scholars emphasize that effectiveness of CE for e-waste in developing economies is shaped not by policy presence alone, but by governance mechanisms that align power, authority, responsibility, incentives, and enforcement. Weak enforcement reflects misalignment among formal rules, institutional capacity, economic incentives, and on-the-ground implementation rather than regulatory absence. Yet existing reviews rarely synthesize how these governance mechanisms operate in practice, particularly in settings where informal recyclers play a central role. This scoping review addresses this gap by synthesizing evidence on governance, enforcement, and compliance mechanisms shaping CE-oriented e-waste systems in developing-country contexts, with specific attention to formal–informal system integration, stakeholder roles and power dynamics, incentive and sanction structures, and comparative insights across developing and developed settings to inform more context-responsive CE governance design
Systematic Review of Values and Preferences in Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disorders
No full textThe objective of this study is to systematically identify and synthesize primary research data assessing the relative importance assigned to different health outcomes by patients and relevant stakeholders in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disorders. This review aims to characterize how outcome importance is assessed and prioritized in decision-making, and to provide evidence to inform judgments regarding the values and preferences domain in clinical practice guideline development
Bringing Rights Back Home? How Judges Handle Multilayered Constitutional and International Human Rights Laws on the Supreme Court of Norway
No full textData and code to reproduce results in "Bringing Rights Back Home? How Judges Handle Multilayered Constitutional and International Human Rights Laws on the Supreme Court of Norway".
Contact author for code to generate data from scratch
Neonatal jaundice in Global Majority babies: A Scoping Review of diagnostic and management practices in Western healthcare systems
No full textRationale for scoping review vs. systematic review
For the chosen research question, a systematic review may be considered inappropriate as the literature is heterogenous and potentially underdeveloped conceptually (Munn et al., 2018). Additionally, as the research question is broad and exploratory, key concepts, especially surrounding how individuals are racialised within society are not clearly established. In contrast to a systematic review, a scoping review allows researchers to examine how a topic has been studied within literature, which populations have been included and also where gaps in literature exist (Arksey and O’Malley, 2005; Peters et. al. 2020).
As the aim of this literature review is not to infer causality of an intervention relative to an outcome, a scoping review is preferred, as opposed to a systematic review where evidence synthesis may be the final output. The heterogeneity of the available evidence base in terms of study design e.g. grey literature, qualitative studies, policy documents and observational research may mean that a scoping review design is preferable. This is also due to the permission of the inclusion of multiple methodologies without requiring formal quality appraisal or meta-analysis processes (Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien, 2010). What is more, scoping reviews identify research gaps and concepts which could justify a subsequent systematic review, which could then in turn synthesise existing evidence to inform policy changes (Tricco et al., 2018).
As the research question focuses on perceptions and experiences as opposed to objective outcomes alone, a scoping review is preferred and commonplace within health service research in investigating how care is delivered in different population groups (Peters et al., 2020). A systematic review may not describe the nuance of social or institutional factors affecting healthcare delivery and experiences of clinicians.
Research question:
How do UK clinicians approach diagnosis and management of neonatal jaundice in global majority babies? A mixed methods study.
Stage 1: Identification of the research question
The objectives of this scoping review are to:
1. Map the existing evidence on how neonatal jaundice is diagnosed and managed in global majority babies within Western clinical settings.
2. Identify and describe clinical approaches, tools, and guidelines used by clinicians based in Western healthcare settings when assessing and managing neonatal jaundice in global majority infants.
3. Explore clinicians’ experiences, perceptions, and decision-making related to diagnosing and managing neonatal jaundice in global majority babies.
4. Identify reported challenges, uncertainties, and inequities in the diagnosis and management of neonatal jaundice affecting global majority babies.
5. Highlight gaps in the evidence base to inform future research, clinical guidance and policy development aimed at improving equity in neonatal jaundice care.
Informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews, these objectives align closely with the PCC framework to ensure methodological rigour (Peters et. al., 2020).
To explore concepts, contexts, varying evidence and populations, a broad research question is chosen using the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework to adhere to methodological consistency (Peters et. al., 2020):
‘Neonatal jaundice in Global Majority babies: A Scoping Review of diagnostic and management practices in Western healthcare systems’
PCC Framework Application
Population (P)
• Global majority babies/neonates
(may also be described in the literature as infants from Black, Asian, and other racially minoritised groups)
Concept (C)
• Diagnosis and management of neonatal jaundice
• Clinical approaches, assessment methods (visual assessment, transcutaneous bilirubinometry, serum bilirubin testing) and management strategies following diagnosis by a health care professional/clinician
Context (C)
• Western healthcare settings
• Clinical settings where neonatal care is provided (e.g. labour wards, birth centres, postnatal wards, neonatal units, transitional care units, community midwifery services)
• Healthcare delivered within healthcare settings in North America, Australia, Western Europe
PCC Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Population
Inclusion
• Neonates (≤28 days of age) described as global majority babies, including but not limited to infants identified in the literature as:
o Black, Asian, African, Caribbean, Middle Eastern, Mixed groups or other racially minoritised groups
• Studies involving clinicians (e.g. midwives, neonatal nurses, paediatricians, neonatologists, general practitioners) providing care to global majority neonates
Exclusion
• Studies exclusively involving white infants with no disaggregated data for global majority babies
• Studies focused on older infants or children (>28 days)
Concept
Inclusion
• Clinical diagnosis of neonatal jaundice, including:
o Visual assessment
o Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement
o Serum bilirubin testing
o Use of clinical guidelines or decision-making tools
• Management of neonatal jaundice, including:
o Phototherapy
o Exchange transfusion
o Monitoring, follow-up, and referral pathways
• Clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes, experiences, or decision-making relating to neonatal jaundice in global majority babies
• Identification of barriers, facilitators, or uncertainties in diagnosis and management
Exclusion
• Studies focusing solely on biochemical mechanisms, pathophysiology or genetics without clinical application
• Studies addressing jaundice secondary to non-neonatal conditions (e.g. congenital liver disease beyond the neonatal period)
• Intervention studies unrelated to diagnosis or management (e.g. parental education only)
Context
Inclusion
• Studies conducted in Western healthcare settings
• All Western healthcare settings providing neonatal care, including:
o Neonatal units
o Transitional care units
o Labour wards
o Birth centres
o Postnatal wards
o Community midwifery or health visiting services
o Primary care settings
Exclusion
• Studies conducted outside Western healthcare settings
• Non-clinical settings or care provided by non-clinicians
Types of Sources
Inclusion
• Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies
• Clinical guidelines, audits and service evaluations
• Grey literature (e.g. NHS reports, professional body guidance, theses, NGO reports)
Exclusion
• Opinion pieces without empirical or policy basis
Stage 2: Identification of relevant studies
A comprehensive search strategy will be adopted to capture the full scope of appropriate literature using multiple databases, grey literature sources and secondary references lists (Levac et al., 2010). As researcher familiarity with the existing literature improves, the search strategies may be refined throughout the review process, demonstrating the iterative nature of scoping reviews (Arksey and O’Malley, 2005). Searches will be conducted across databases including; MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO using terms; ‘neonatal jaundice’, ‘hyperbilirubinaemia’, ‘race’, ‘ethnicity’, ‘disparities’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘diagnostic accuracy’, ‘disparities’, ‘disparity’, ‘clinic decision making’, ‘escalation.’ Inclusion criteria for studies include; qualitative, quantitative, policies, peer-reviewed, published 2000-2025, English language, addressing behaviour of clinicians, race, ethnicity and neonatal care. Exclusion criteria include publications without racial analysis or without clinical context.
Stage 3: Study selection
Against the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, titles and abstracts will be screened, followed by a review of the full text. Due to the limitations of the Professional Doctorate, the screening will only be conducted by the primary researcher, which will minimise methodological rigour, however this is due to the small funding capabilities of the research (Peter et. al., 2020). Using the PRISMA-ScR flow diagram, the study selection processes will be clearly documented and reported (Tricco et. al., 2018).
Stage 4: Charting data
Key data and information are extracted systematically by data charting from the studies included within the scoping review. This can include key concepts, population characteristics, author, study design and country where the research was conducted (Arksey and O’Malley, 2005). To improve rigour, transparency and findings credibility, a data extraction form will be piloted for 5 studies from the scoping review study selection and refined iteratively by the reviewer (Levac et. al., 2010).
Stage 5: Collating, summarising and reporting results
Data extracted from stage 4 will be synthesised by thematic analysis to present an overview of the themes within the existing evidence and to identify gaps within the literature, as opposed to assessing methodological quality via critical appraisal tools or synthesise new evidence for example with pooled effect estimates (Arksey and O’Malley, 2005; Peters et. al., 2020). Findings will be reproducible and directly related to the research question.
Stage 6: Consultation with relevant stakeholders
To attempt to ensure that missing evidence is added to the scoping review or to inform the interpretation of the studies, stakeholder consultation can be added as a final optional stage if it is within the scope of a Professional Doctorate (Arksey and O’Malley, 2005). If appropriate, clinicians, patients, policymakers and families of babies racialised as belonging to Global Majority groups can be approached to consult on the scoping review (Levac et. al., 2010)