Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science
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Causes of Menorrhagia in Females Between 21-50 Years of Age Attending the Out Patient Department of Naseer Teaching Hospital
Get PDFOBJECTIVES:To determine the causes of menorrhagiaMATERIAL AND METHODS:This case series study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and Gyneacology Naseer Teaching Hospital Peshawar over a period of one year from June 2006 to May 2007. Eighty patients with menorrhagia were studied between ages of 21-50 years. All patients were thoroughly investigated for the causes of menorrhagia. All the patients having menstrual blood loss of more than eight days or history of passage of clots or having hemoglobin less than l0g/ dl were included in the study and patients having pubertal menorrhagia, less than 20 years of age or postmenopausal patients, on hormonal replacement therapy were excluded from the study.RESULTS:Out of total eighty patients, the commonest age group was above 40 years i.e.63.75% (n=51). The most common cause of menorrhagia was fibroid uterus in 47.5% (n=38) cases followed by adenomyosis in 25% (n=20) cases, endometrial polyp in 7.5% (n=6) cases, endometrial hyperplasia in 6.25% (n=5) cases, injectable progestogens in 6.25% (n=5) cases, intrauterine contraceptive device in 5% (n=4) cases. 30 patients (37.5%) were multipara, 25 (31.25%) were grand multipara and 25 (31.25%) were great grand multipara.All of them were anemic. Severe anemia (hemoglobin < 6 gm%) was found in one case (1.25%), moderate anemia (hemoglobin 6-8 gm%) in 45 cases (56.25%) and mild anemia (hemoglobin 8-10 gm%) in 34 cases (42.75%). Abdominal ultrasound alone was done in 63 cases (70.75%), and transvaginal ultrasound in 17 patients (21.25%). The diagnosis of fibroid uterus, endometrial polyp and endometrial hyperplasia was confirmed on ultrasound.CONCLUSION:In my study fibroid uterus (47.5%), adenomyosis (25%), endometrial polyp (7.5%) and endometrial hyperplasia (6.25%) were the common causes in patients presenting with menorrhagia to Naseer Teaching Hospital causing disruption and psychological problem for females
Efficacy and Safety of Weight Based Insulin Order for Blood Glucose Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFObjective:To determine the efficacy and safety of weight based insulin order for blood glucose control in type II diabetesmellitusStudy Design: Descriptive case series.Place and Duration of Study:Conducted in department of medicine, Naseer Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. From 6th August 2013 to 5thFeb. 2014.Methodology:This descriptive study was conducted in the department of medicine NTH Peshawar between 6th august 2013to 5th Feb.2014. A total of 292 patients were included in study based on 5% proportion of hypoglycemia ofweight based insulin order, 95% confidence level and 2.5% margin of error under WHO Software for samplesize determination. Patients were started on Weight Based Insulin order from day 1st, and their blood glucoselevels were checked every 6hr, by 48hrs of Weight Based Insulin Order efficacy (improvement in bloodglucose level of 250mg/dl from baseline) and safety (absence of hypoglycemic episode) were determined.Results:A total of 292 cases were studied in a 6 month period. The mean age of patients included in study was 59.73+ 7.33 and there were 173(59.2%) males and 119(40.8%) females. By 48hrs of Weight Based Insulin Orderefficacy (improvement of blood glucose level of 250mg/dl from baseline) was observed in 187(64.1%) whileremaining 105(35.9%) were not efficacious, safety (absence of hypoglycemic episode) was observed in272(93.2%) while remaining 20(6.8) were unsafe (with episode of hypoglycemia).Conclusion:Weight Based Insulin Order is effective and safe in type2 DM and they should be used routinely inhyperglycemic patients that are hospitalized
Frequency and Risk Factors Associated with Positive Cases of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in 100 Dialysis Dependent Patients
Get PDFThe main objective of the study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in hemodialysis dependent patients who are positive for either type of hepatitis infection.Methodology:Study was conducted for duration of five months (1st Dec 2014- 23rd April 2015) at nephrology unit of Khyber teaching hospital and kidney center of Hayat Abad medical complex. Patients who were dependent on dialysis with renal failure due to any cause were targeted for the study. All patients who were found positive for either type of hepatitis infection were included in the study. All patients who were positive with hepatitis infection before the start of dialysis and those who came for the first time for dialysis were excluded from the study.A semi structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions was used to collect the information from the patients. Written consent was taken from all the patients prior to the data collection after explaining purpose of the study. It was a cross sectional study and non-probability convenient sampling technique was adopted for the data collection. Total of hundred patients who were positive for hepatitis were taken as sample size. Patient’s record was also thoroughly checked as an adding tool for data collection. Apart from patients some inquiry was also done from the concerned staff working on dialysis machines.Results:Results of this study show that the prevalence of hepatitis infection is more in dialysis dependent patients as compared to the general population, and that among the positive cases the frequency of hepatitis C was more than hepatitis B. Common risk factors associated with increase prevalence of hepatitis infection among hemodialysis dependent patients are frequent blood transfusion without proper screening, lack of proper sterilization of dialysis machine and environment where dialysis is carried out. Close proximity of the patients with positive cases of hepatitis positive patients, previous surgical procedures carried out, history of hepatitis infection in family and decreased immunity of the dialysis patientsConclusions:Frequent dialysis leads to increase frequency of hepatitis C as compared to hepatitis B and unsterilized environment of the area around the machine and unscreened blood transfusion are the major contributors
Evaluation of Infection Control Measures in a Public Sector Dental Hospital of Peshawar
Get PDFObjective:To evaluate infection control measure in a public sector dental hospital of Peshawar.Methodology:It was a cross sectional study conducted in Khyber college of Dentistry. Study subjects were Dental health care providers who were willing to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire was designed that included various categories of infection control. Data was entered into SPSS version 17. Descriptive statistics were applied and frequencies and percentages were obtained.Results:The results from the data shows that the overall score for the infection control standards were less than 50%. Among the various categories of infection control only personal hygiene standards showed good score (77.3%). Personal protective equipment score was adequate (61%) while hand hygiene score was inadequate (52%). The rest of the categories showed poor scores.Conclusion:The result of the study shows that majority of categories of infection control measures at Khyber college of Dentistry are inadequate or poor
Complications of Tonsillectomy and Management
Get PDFOBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to determine the complications of tonsillectomy and management of these the complications.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study was Randomized controlled trial conducted from 1st January 2008 to 31 December 2009 (of two year duration) at ENT Department Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Total 2156indoorpatientsof all age ad both sex, underwent tonsillectomy were included in the study.RESULTS:In my study all of the 2156 patients underwent tonsillectomy were having pain in which 1176 patients (56%) with mild to moderate pain and 980 patients (44%) with severe pain, 1274 patients (59%) nausea and vomiting, 129 patients (7%) bleeding, 19 patients (<1%) airway obstruction, 273 patients fever and infection, 17 patients (<1%) pneumonia, 126 patients (6%) dehydration, and injury to surrounding structure like teeth injury in 105 patients (5%), temporary uvular or tongue edema in 367 patients (17%), and other rare complications (<1%) like temporomandibularjoint dislocation in 7 patients, Grisel’s syndrome in 5 patients, atlanto-axial joint subluxation in 1 patient and glossopharyngeal nerve damage in 3 patients.CONCLUSION:Though tonsillectomy is a routine and safe surgery can result in morbid complications and can cause death. By adopting pre and per-op basic steps can minimize the complications of tonsillectomy
Frequency of Different Odontogenic Cysts in Patients Visiting Oral Maxillofacial Department of Dental Hospitals in Peshawar
Get PDFBackground and Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the relative frequency of odontogenic cysts in two local dental college hospitals.Methodology:In this study 90 cysts from both jaws, treated at Khyber College of Dentistry and Sardar Begum Dental College from March 2008 to March 2013 were analyzed in order to evaluate the incidence of these cysts.Results:Case history of 52 males and 38 females were analyzed. The age of patients varied from 07 to 70 years, with a mean age of 26.4±13.89. In this 5-year study of odontogenic cysts, 48 were radicular cysts, 22 were odontogenic keratocysts and 20 were dentigerous cysts. Out of these 46 cysts were present in the maxilla and 44 in the mandible. In the maxilla 46.7%were present in the anterior maxilla and 4.4% in the posterior maxilla. In the mandible 35.6% were present in the posterior mandible and 13.3% in the anterior mandible.Conclusion:From the findings of this study we conclude that odontogenic cysts were mostly inflammatory in nature i.e. the radicular cysts and was followed by odontogenic keratocysts. Majority of the cysts were located in the anterior maxilla and posterior mandible regions. The male predilection was higher as compared to females
Level of Knowledge and Practice of Extented Program of Immunization Among Medical Students
Get PDFObjectives:To determine the level of knowledge& practice regarding extended program of immunization (EPI) in Pakistan among medical students.Design:A questionnaire based survey done amongst the students of a medical college of Peshawar.Methodology:A questionnaire was developed in the line with study objectives and circulated among students of third, fourth and final year of a medical college of Peshawar .Fifty students were selected from each class randomly. They were provided the assurance regarding the confidentiality of their response.Results:Total of 150 students was interviewed .All students were in age group 20-25 yrs. Males were 42.6% and female were 57.4%. Good knowledge was observed in 27.3% of students, average knowledge was observed in 56.6% while 16% had poor level of knowledge. Regarding practice 78% used to recommend immunization to other while 22% did not give any advice regarding immunization to anyone .Most of the students having good knowledge were from final year class (16%).Conclusion:Efforts towards ensuring adequate exposure to immunization education during training years are need to eliminate one of the barriers to adequate immunization in children
A Study of Patient’s Satisfaction Level with their Dental Appearance and Treatment they Desire to Improve Aesthetics at Sardar Begum Dental Hospital Peshawar
Get PDFObjectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient satisfaction level with their dental appearance and treatment they desired to improve their facial aesthetics.Material & Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed out among 400 patients who visited the Sardar Begum Dental Hospital. A structured, interviewer-guided questionnaire was used to identify patient satisfaction level with their general dental appearance and desired treatments. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and frequency and percentage for categorical variables were determined. The chi-square test was used to compare the age of patient’s satisfaction level with their dental appearance. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Results:Out of 400 patients, 39 % were males and 60% were females. Mean age recoded was 25.05+10.02 years. Of these patients, 64% were not satisfied with their general dental appearance. In addition, 59% were not happy with the color of their teeth, 51% regarded their teeth as poorly aligned. Dissatisfaction with tooth color was significantly higher in female than in male patients. Tooth whitening was the treatment most desired by patients (45.2%). 51% females, as compared to males, considered their teeth to be more poorly aligned i.e. and was 51%.Conclusions:Most patients in this study were not satisfied with their general dental appearance with a greater percentage of females expressing dissatisfaction than males. Age had an association with satisfaction level of the subjects. Unhappiness with tooth color and feelings of having protruding teeth also had a significant negative influence on patient satisfaction with general dental appearance
Fibromatosis in Maxillofacial Region: Case Report
No full textSUMMARYFibromatosis is a rare and locally aggressive benign tumor arising from musculoaponeurotic structures. They are aggressive and tend to recur. Here we present a recurrent case of fibromatosis in a nineteen year old female focusing attention on the etiology, clinical presentation, pathology, various treatment options and modes of prevention of recurrence
Odontogenic Myxoma in the Maxilla: A Report of a Rare Case
Get PDFSUMMARYThe aim of this paper is to determine the unique and very interesting case of odontogenic myxoma, which involved the right maxilla and its sinus. Odontogenic myxomas are considered to be a benign odontogenic tumor with locally aggressive behavior and non-metastasizing neoplasm of the jaw bones. It represents an uncommon benign neoplasm comprising 3–6% of all odontogenic tumors. It is usually derived from the dental mesenchyme or periodontal ligament. Despite the benign nature of myxoma, there is a high rate of local recurrence after curettage alone and thus in certain cases adequate resection is the only option