Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science
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Frequency of Naturally Occurring Maxillary Midline Diastema (mmd) and its Association with Enlarged Labial Frenulum in Students of Public Medical College Mardan, Pakistan
Get PDFOBJECTIVE:
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of naturally occurring maxillary midline diastema (MMD) in students of public sector medical college in Mardan, Pakistan and its association with enlarged labial frenulum.
METHODOLOGY:
The cross-sectional study was conducted in Mardan where students were assessed to determine MMD. Sample size was 150 (males 76%, n= 114; females 24%, n= 36). Ethical consideration was followed, and data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 for descriptive statistics.
RESULTS:
Only 20% (n= 30) male students were having MMD while out of these only 20% (n= 6) were having enlarged labial frenulum. No MMD was found in female students
CONCLUSION:
The maxillary midline diastema is more pronounced in male students and the authors decline the observation based on their findings that major contributing factor in MMD is because of enlarged labial frenulum
Increase Suicidal Mortality Rate Among Females in District Peshawar
Get PDFOBJECTIVE:
To study increased suicidal mortality rate among females in district Peshawar.
METHODOLOGY:
The bodies of women in the reproductive age who died because of fatal deliberate self-harming were examined at Forensic Medicine Department Khyber Medical College, Peshawar from January 2015 to September 2015.
RESULTS:
Forty-four bodies of females were autopsied. 13 (30%) were adolescents between the age of 10-18 years. 31 (70.4%) were aged between 19-48 years. 33 of the victims committed suicide due to health-related issues. 28 (64%) victims used poisons. In almost all cases (n=38) the incident happened when the victim was alone in house or left unattended. 30 (68%) victims were brought to hospitals for treatment. 13 were found to have recurrent attempt of self-harming.
CONCLUSION:
Females have increased tendency to commit suicide than males especially in their reproductive age. Low socioeconomic status, cultural norms, unwanted pregnancies and ill health are the major causes
Causes and Presentation Of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Get PDFOBJECTIVETo determine the proportion of cervical lymphadenopathy in systemic diseases, their presentation and investigative tools.METHODOLOGYThis descriptive study was carried out from 1st July 2014 to 30 June 2017 in ENT and head and neck department Naseer Teaching Hospital and Town Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Total of 270 patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes, of either sex and of any age were approached for inclusion into the study. Patients with suspected acute inflammation were given a trial of antibiotic and followed for two weeks were excluded from the study. Excisional biopsy of the lymph nodes was performed in all these patients with six weeks or more duration.RESULTSIn our study out of 270 patients, 158 (58.5%) were males and the majority of patients (63.3%) had ages from 11-40 years. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy was diagnosed in 145 (53.7%) patients, reactive hyperplasia in 53 (19.6%), lymphoma in 32 (11.8 %,) metastasis to cervical lymph nodes in 30 (11.1%), sarcoidosis in 7 (2.6%) and other very rare conditions as Kawasaki, Kikuchie and Rosi Dorfman were found in only one of each (0.4%). About 136 (50.4%) of the patients had involvement of multiple lymph nodes while 134 (49.6%) had single swelling. The matted lymph nodes were found in 162 (60%) whereas discrete lymph nodes were found in only 108 (40%) cases. Cold abscess was found in 19 (7%) of patients.CONCLUSIONTuberculosis is the commonest cause of cervical lymphadenopathy, with the majority of these patients having multiple lymph node involvement. In children, usually cervical lymphadenopathy is reactive or infective while in older age mostly metastatic
Association Between Pollution Caused by Vehicular Emission And Development of Respiratory Diseases Among Traffic Police Personnel of Peshawar City
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: The study aims to find the association between pollution caused by vehicular emission and development of respiratory diseases among traffic police personnel in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. There is no doubt that pollution has damaged the environment but the victim is not the environment only. METHODOLOGY: The study included and focused on two variables; one was independent and the other was dependent variable. Therefore, an effort has been made in this research to investigate and evaluate the relationship among the two variables i.e. pollution (independent) and development of respiratory disease (dependent). A questionnaire was distributed among 250 traffic personnel but only 154 became the part of this study because the study included only non-smokers. The questionnaire consisted of 27 questions which comprised of open ended and closed ended questions. RESULTS: After gathering the data, correlation was run over the data to find the relationship. It found that there was a positive and significant relationship between pollution emission by vehicles and development of respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: Therefore, hypothesis 1 was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected
Frequency of Oropharyngeal Cancer Among Males
Get PDFOBJECTIVE:Background: Worldwide oropharyngeal cancers are one of ten most common cancers. A multitude of factors are responsible for the development of oropharyngeal cancers. Some factors are non- modifiable like age, sex, genetics and many are modifiable risk factors like tobacco use, chewing betel nuts, eating paan, alcohol and UV light exposure etc. The main purpose of this study was to analyze frequency and different risk factors associated with oropharyngeal cancers among males visiting tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.METHODOLOGY:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 male patients having different cancers visiting tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Study duration was 5 months from January to May 2015. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Semi-structured questionnaire, Patient’s record were used as data collecting tools. Different risk factors were assessed and analyzed.RESULTS:Frequency of oropharyngeal cancers was found to be 19%. Common risk factors among these patients were prolong Ultra violet light exposure (4-8 hrs) 74%, 42% were smokers, 42% had history of oral thrush, 37% patients were in a habit of taking snuff regularly, 36% history of leukoplakia and 16% had smoked meat diet history.CONCLUSION:Prolong exposure to ultra violet radiations, smoking, snuff and human papiloma virus increases risk of patients for oropharyngeal cancers
Prevalence of Hypertension in 500 Teachers of Peshawar University and its Associated Causative Factors
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in 500 teachers of Peshawar University and to study its associated causative factors. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was conducted over 500 teachers from different departments of university of Peshawar from 15th September 2017 to 15th December 2017. Random sampling technique was used to collect the required sample size. All teachers who were involved in active teaching were included in sample while teachers with other major illness like diabetes or congenital heart defects were excluded from the study. A semi structured questionnaire was used as study tool for data collection. The information was collected and presented in the form of graphs and charts. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 17. RESULTS: 500 teachers from various departments of Peshawar University were interviewed. Out of them 353 (70.6%) were male and 147 (29.4%) were female. Out of the total sample population 128 had hypertension giving a prevalence of 25. 6%. Prevalence was high among teachers above 40 years of age (110 of 128) and those have a positive family history of hypertension (33% of hypertensive). 38.3% of the total overweight and 55. 6% of total obese were found to be hypertensive. 29. 3% of smokers were hypertensive as compared to 25.4% of non-smokers. All the hypertensive patients seemed to be stressed in one way or the other. CONCLUSION: The studies showed that the prevalence was high among teachers above 40 years of age, smokers and those having a stressful routine
Pattern of Surgical Cases and its Management in Bacha Khan Medical Complex Shahmansoor Swabi
Get PDFOBJECTIVETo study the pattern of general surgery cases and their management in Bacha Khan Medical Complex Shahmansoor Swabi.METHODSThis descriptive cases-series study was conducted prospectively in general surgery department Bacha Khan Medical Complex Shahmansoor Swabi form jan, 2013 to Dec, 2015. There were 1200 patients in the series who were managed either conservatively or operated upon. All patients with symptoms suggesting a surgical disease and managed as a surgical case were included, while cases that were referred to other departments and those that left against medical advice were excluded.RESULTSMost of the patients had alimentary tract diseases 361(30%) followed by urinary tract diseases 264 (22%),superficial lumps 142 (11.8%), hernia 140 (11.7%), hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases 116 (9.7%), breast diseases 55 (4.6%), scrotal diseases 41 (3.4%), thyroid diseases 28 (2.3%),salivary gland diseases 15 (1.3%), vascular diseases 8 (0.7%), thoracic diseases 2 (0.2%) and miscellaneous 28 (2.3%). A total of 604 (64.5%) patients were treated as elective cases and333 (35.5%). were treated as emergency cases. As many as 937 (74.08%) patient were treated by operations and 263 (21.92%) patients by conservative treatment, while 41 (3.41%) patients were referred. Seven patients expired, giving a mortality rate of 0.58%.CONCLUSIONThe commonest cause of seeking surgical care was alimentary tract diseases, followed by urinary tract diseases, superficial lumps, hernias, hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases, breast diseases, scrotal diseases and thyroid diseases. Bacha Khan Medical Complex Shahmansoor Swabi is a newly established hospital catering to the needs of population of district Swabi and adjoining districts and areas
Correlationof Mandibular Second Molar Caries with Patterns of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction: A retrospective study
Get PDFOBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of distal caries of second molar with patterns of impacted third molar.METHODOLOGYA retrospective study was carried out from January 2017 to June 2017.A total of 160 patients and 276 impacted teeth were selected with an age > 18 years. A single researcher assigned the diagnosis of caries and patterns of impacted teeth through clinical notes and orthopantomogram(OPG)which was reviewed by Head of Department. Winter’s and Pell and Gregory classification was used for impaction classification. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 version. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.RESULTSFemale (56.3%) were predominant than male (43.8%) with mean age presentation was 24.2 ± 4.7 years.271 mandibular second molars were present. Vertical (64.5%) impaction was found to be the most frequent followed by mesioangular (19.6%). Pearson correlation showed that vertical impaction was significantly related to distal caries of second molar(Right side, r=.262 p=.002 and Left side, r=.240 p=.006).CONCLUSIONVertical impaction was positively related with distal caries therefore prophylactic removal of lower impacted teeth is recommended
The Frequency of Common Complications of Veress Needle in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Get PDFMETHODOLOGYThe study was conducted in department of surgery, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar within six months and it was descriptive cross sectional study. In this study a total of 177 patients were observed. The age ranges were 21 to 65 years and male to female ratio was 1:2. The most common complication was abdominal wall hemorrhage in 22% patients while 18% patients had omental injury. The abdominal wall emphysema was observed in 10% patients.OBJECTIVETo determine the frequency of common complications of Veress Needle used for creating pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomyCONCLUSIONOur study showed that veress needle technique is safe, easy and cost effective for primary access to create pneumoperitonium
Job Stress and its Influence on the Doctor’s Performance in the Public Hospital of Peshawar City, Pakistan
Get PDFThe study aims to find the influence of the job stress on the doctor’s performance in the public hospitals of Peshawar city. No doubt the profession of doctors is very respectable and they are doing a good work serving the people of society but their work environment must have some sort of influence on their performance as well. That’s why this study was taken in to consideration to study the doctors’ performance in the public hospitals. This study was designed to assess the doctor’s performance in public hospitals only. Sample size was drawn on the basis of simple random sampling technique as the data was of quantitative in nature. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was developed by the research himself and to find the reliability and validity a pilot test was done with the data collection tool which showed some mistakes and those mistakes were rectified. Due to limited time period and resources of the researcher, the researcher has drawn 150 sample size of the total population of the doctors in the public hospitals of Peshawar city. A total of 150samples (50 from each public hospitals respectively of Peshawar) data were collected .Out of 150 study participants; it was observed that doctors in KTH, LRH and HMC were suffering from job stress collectively. Their performance was affected and the result of this study highlight the significant result in which it was concluded that job stress had a negative impact on the doctor’s performance in the public hospitals of Peshawar