Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science
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Post-Operative Neurological Outcome of Intradural Spinal Tumors in Terms of Improvement In Mccormick’s Classification Scheme
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: To determine the post-operative neurological outcome of intradural spinal tumors in terms of improvement in McCormick classification scheme.METHODOLOGY: Total of 95 patients diagnosed as case of intradural spinal tumor as per operational definition with any McCormick grade were analyzed. After admission and complete neurological examination, pre-operative McCormik’s grades of each patient were determined and followed for one month after surgery. During their stay they were assessed for neurological improvement as per McCormick grade.RESULTS:There were total 95 patients presenting in OPD with the mean age of 45±12.36 years. There were 42% male and 58% female. There were 62% patients who were improved in neurological outcome while 38% patients were not improved. CONCLUSION:Surgical removal of spinal tumor is beneficial to the affected individual and has positive effect on his life
P53 Protein Expression in Epithelial Lining of Odontogenic Cysts: An Immunohistochemical Descriptive Case Study
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The current study was conducted to analyze immunohistochemical appearance of P53 protein in odontogenic cysts.
METHODOLOGY:
Thirty paraffin blocks of confirmed case were prepared to investigate the immunohistochemical appearance of P53 protein.
RESULTS:
Sixteen out of thirty odontogenic cysts (53.3%) showed P53, four out of ten dentigerous cyst (40%) had P53, twelve out of fifteen odontogenic keratocysts (80%) expressed P53 while none of the five radicular cysts (0%) showed P53 protein.
CONCLUSION:
Reclassification of OKC as keratocystic odontogenic tumor was supported by the present study and its findings.
 
Correlation of Lower Third Molar Angulation and Posterior Space Discrepancy with Mandibular Anterior Crowding using 3d Intra Oral Scanner
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To objectively determine the correlation of lower third molar angulation and posterior space discrepancy with mandibular anterior crowding digitally using intraoral scanner.
METHODOLOGY:
Cross sectional analytical study conducted at Rehman College of Dentistry (RCD) Peshawar from15th November 2020 till 15th December 2020. Lower third molar angulation and posterior space discrepancy were measured by IC 3.1 measure software, using digital Orthopantomograms (OPG). Digitally scanned models by (CS 3600 intraoral scanner) were analyzed using (CS 3600 3D software). Sample was divided into Control (N=30; perfect alignment), Experimental (N=30; crowding >1mm) groups, based on Little’s Irregularity Index. Both lower third molar angulation and posterior space discrepancy (Ganss Ratio) were correlated with lower anterior crowding using Pearson’s Correlation. To determine any difference between two groups independent t-test was used.
RESULTS:
Statistically insignificant difference and a weak correlation were found for Ganss ratio and third molar angulation in both control and experimental groups.
CONCLUSION:
Third molar angulation and the retro molar space has no direct effect on the lower anterior crowding
ONLINE MEDICAL EDUCATION AMID THE LOOMING THREAT OF COVID-19
Get PDFIn the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic, the health professions education (HPE) has witnessed a powerful paradigm shift. The lock downs, social distancing and precautionary measures against the potential spread of corona virus, all strongly favor the online instructional formats1. The online learning carries an enormous untapped potential for the developing countries like Pakistan. It can strongly supplement the on-campus face to-face learning sessions. It can be easily applied to the entire continuum of HPE, which includes undergraduate medical education, postgraduate medical education and continuing professional development2. The online learning offers certain added advantages. For instance it is student centered and promotes self-directed learning. It is convenient and low cost. It allows for flexibility of schedules as well as instructional formats3.
In the online learning sessions, the health professions educators carry some added responsibilities. For instance they should anticipate and hence circumvent issues such as system failures, communication blocks, lack of technical know-how on part of the participants and the possibility of cognitively overloading the participants. These inhibitors adversely affect the satisfaction as well as learning of the participants. The online course designers should make every possible effort to minimize these issues4. High level of motivation of the learners constitutes the cornerstone of any successful educational activity. An enthusiastic teacher is equally crucial for its success. These principles apply even more to the online instructional formats. At the very outset, the teacher should skillfully instill eagerness among participants towards achieving the desired learning objectives. He should carefully address the leaning needs of his students. During the activity, he should maintain a positive emotional milieu. At the conclusion, he should reinforce the learning through positive feedback and pointing out the competencies achieved. Additionally he should promote active interactive learning as well as produce communities of learners5.
The online learning environment can be enhanced by efficient use of the available information technology tools alongside abiding to the basic principles of andragogy. The learning experience can be amplified by paying attention to fine details regarding the learning needs and preferences of the learners, design and delivery of the learning material and characteristics of the learners6. In the online learning sessions, certain added efforts are also required on part of the learners. For instance, they should have extra commitment and computer skills. They should develop positive attitude towards modern ways of learning and teaching. They should be tech savvy and employ the new technologies in their routine practices7.
We conclude that the online learning sessions efficiently supplement the traditional face-to-face contact sessions. When refined further, they can even replace the contact sessions. The future medical teachers should not be mere role models and facilitators of learning but also the architects of more yielding online educational programs8
Association of Class Attendance and Test with Grades Attained in BDS Final Professional
No full textOBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to verify the association of class attendance percentage, and regular test marks of each taught subject in BDS final year with marks obtained in final examination.
METHODOLOGY:
Class attendance and test performance records of all participants were obtained from the college authority, and the final professional examination marks sheet issued by UHS was obtained from the college office. Potential confounders like age, gender and parents’ occupation were also recorded for each student. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was applied to verify the association of class attendance and class tests marks percentage for different subjects taught with final marks. Multivariate analysis was undertaken by adjusting for confounders in the model.
RESULTS:
This study found significant correlation between each taught subject class test marks with final marks obtained in each respective subject of the final year. Class attendance of each taught subject had weak, insignificant association with final marks except in one subject i.e., Operative Dentistry.
CONCLUSION:
Class test marks are a stronger predictor of final examination marks than class attendance percentage
Frequency of Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors in Patient with Trigeminal Neuralgia
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To determine the frequency of cerebellopontine angle tumors in patients presented with trigeminal neuralgia.
METHODOLOGY:
This descriptive study was conducted in Neurosurgery Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 01-01-2016 to 31-12-2019. Patients with either gender and above 18 years of age diagnosed to be having trigeminal neuralgia and being symptomatic from a minimum duration of 03 months were included in the study. All the patients were subjected to a detailed history, thorough physical and neurological examinations and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumors.
RESULTS:
The mean age group was 43 ± 2.37 years of which 37% were male and 62% were female patients, respectively. Cerebellopontine angle tumors were present in 3% of the patients.
CONCLUSION:
This study concluded that the frequency of cerebellopontine angle tumors was 3% among patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Comparison of Working Length Determination in Mandibular Single-Rooted Teeth
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The objective of this study was to compare working length calculated with conventional radiographs and an electronic apex locator (IPEX II) during the root canal treatment of mandibular anterior teeth.
METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Operative Dentistry, Sardar Begum Dental Hospital, Peshawar during February and March 2018. A consecutive sampling technique was used for sampling. Only 30 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our study. Detailed medical and dental history was taken. Only patient fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
RESULTS:
The mean age for patients was 45.33±5.16. 33% out of 30 patients (10) were male and 20 were females. The mean working length calculated from radiographs was 22.25±1.29 (min 20.09-max 24.10). The mean working length calculated by the electronic apex locator (IPEX II) was 22.17±1.28 (min 20.00-max 24.07). The mean difference between working length calculated by radiograph and electronic apex locator was -0.084mm, which means the working length determined by radiographs and by electronic apex locator has no difference in mandibular anterior teeth with single canals.
CONCLUSION:
Both the methods can be used effectively in endodontics for single-rooted mandibular teeth, but if both are used in combinations can lead to an improvement in the working length accuracy, which may significantly reduce the number of radiographs exposure, and increase the success and comfort for endodontic patients.
KEYWORDS: Working Length, Apex Locator, Conventional Radiograph
Histopathological Study of Post-Surgical Gallbladder to Establish True Histopathology Proven Chronic Inflammation
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The aim of this study was to establish true histopathology proven diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis.
METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 post-surgical gallbladders was done to assess their histopathological patterns in a single centered tertiary care hospital. The specimens were studied for chronic cholecystitis, fibrosis, hypertrophy and presence of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Descriptive analysis was done and associations of the histopathological changes with demographic data of patients were analyzed through Chi-squared test.
RESULTS:
Fifty-one post cholecystectomy samples of gallbladder were analyzed for histopathological changes with 82.4% showing chronic cholecystitis, 84.3% fibrosis, 64.7% congestion, and more than 60% mild or moderate hypertrophy. Moreover, 49% of the specimens showed Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. All these changes suggest chronic inflammation.
CONCLUSION:
Chronic cholecystitis, fibrosis, and Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are the most common histopathological findings in specimens of patients undergone cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis.
 
Frequency of Xerosis in Children Presenting with Chronic Pruritus
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To determine the frequency of Xerosis in children presenting with chronic pruritus to Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and compare it with national and international data.
METHODOLOGY:
This was a cross sectional study, carried out in the Department of Dermatology, Hayat Abad MedicalComplex Peshawar from 24th May 2020 till 24th November 2020. All patients of either gender with age range up to 13 years, presenting with chronic pruritus were enrolled for this study.All the findings were recorded on a preformed proforma and results were compiled and tabulated.
RESULTS:
Out of 136 patients presenting with chronic pruritus, 75 were male (55.1%) and 61 (44.9%) were female. 85 (62.5%) patients were having dry skin (Xerosis) while 37.5% were having normal skin.
CONCLUSION:
Xerosis is a common and under diagnosed skin condition commonly associated with chronic pruritus and screening all children for Xerosis is simple measures to improve quality of life of affected children
Perception of Senior Faculty Regarding Frame Factors in Curriculum Change at Undergraduate Level in Medical and Dental Schools
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To determine the perceptions of senior faculty regarding frame factors influencing curriculum change at undergraduate level in public and private medical and dental schools at Peshawar, Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY:
This was qualitative exploratory case study and senior faculty was interviewed regarding the frame factors influencing integration and changes in undergraduate medical curriculum. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. Transcription, thick description was analyzed, coding was done, and similar codes were converted into categories. Finally, themes were created and concluded by thematic analysis. RESULTS:
A total of ten interviews were done that identified 52 open codes. These codes were merged into 19 categories that led to development of five themes of frame factors influencing the medical curriculum. The themes and categories were: Lack of proper resources including human, technical, financial and infrastructure (building, equipment); Environmental factors, which included cultural, political and social contexts, which if not supportive could influence the change in curriculum; Lack of supports from regulatory authorities; leadership; legal issues and fragmented assessment approach minimize the dream of the changes in curriculums.
CONCLUSION:
Intention to change the medical curriculum is the ultimate goal but it is unlikely to grasp better pace due to few bottlenecks such as resources, infrastructure, and cultural, political and legal issues.