Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science
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Fetal Warfarin Syndrome – a case report
Get PDFA two-month-old male infant presented with history of respiratory difficulty and got admitted with provisional diagnosis of pneumonia. On examination patient was having unilateral nasal hypoplasia and cyanosis with echocardiography showing truncus arteriosus. Detail history revealed that mother had valve replacement and she was taking warfarin during pregnancy. After initial management patient was referred to pediatric cardiac surgery and plastic surgery for further management. Parents were counseled regarding contraception and family planning.
A Comparative Study of Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) Scores in Type-2 Diabetics and Non-Diabetics
Get PDFOBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to compare the Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and Non-Diabetics in terms of Periodontal Disease Index (PDI).
METHODOLOGY:
This comparative cross-sectional study recruited 105 subjects, 56 participants of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease and 49 non-diabetics (comparison group) having periodontal disease. Non-probability purposive sampling method was used for selecting the participants. This study was conducted at Peshawar Dental hospital, Prime Teaching hospital, and Sardar Begum Dental hospital. Determination of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes and periodontal examination was conducted for both the groups to compare Type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics in terms of Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) score that is one of the clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 23.
RESULTS:
Out of 105 total participants, 33 (31.4 %) were males and 72 (68.6%) were females. The mean age of subjects was 51.48±7.92. The mean PDI scores of the two groups were compared. Mean Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) was recorded, score was 2.58 (±0.67) in diabetics and 1.11 (±0.41) in non-diabetic (comparison group). P-value was measured by Chi-square test and was found to be significant.
CONCLUSION:
We concluded that significant difference exists between the mean PDI scores of Type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics
The Comparison of Prognostic Indicators of Maxillary Impacted Canine using OPG (Orthopantomogram) with CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography)
No full textOBJECTIVES:
The aim of the present study was to compare OPG (orthopantomogram) in locating impacted canines with CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) scans of the same patients.
METHODOLOGY:
The cross-sectional study was carried out on the OPG (orthopantomogram) and CBCT (Cone-Beam Computed Tomography) of 27 patients (17 females and 10 males) presenting with impacted permanent maxillary canines. Thirty-five impacted canines were subsequently assessed on the four guidelines devised by McSherry and Pitt and applied to the panoramic films and CBCT scans.
RESULTS:
The results show weak agreement for the canine’s angle to the midline and the canine’s horizontal root apex position (k value=0.55, 0.46, respectively). Moreover, significant differences were found between the OPG (orthopantomogram) and the CBCT (Cone-Beam Computed Tomography) for all the variables using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test (p=.000)
CONCLUSION:
The results showed a significant difference in the 2D and 3D images of impacted maxillary canines, which can produce different diagnoses, and therefore treatment plans. OPG (Orthopantomogram) cannot be completely relied upon for the routine diagnosis of impacted canines.
An Analytical Study to Explore Iron Stores in a Population of Nowshera Based on Age and Gender Perspective
Get PDFOBJECTIVES:
To analyze the impact of age and gender on iron stores in a population of the Nowshera region.
METHODOLOGY:
This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from 1st January 2019 to 31st March 2020. All patients were selected by convenience sampling in the Pathology department irrespective of age and gender. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze data by the latest SPSS version 25.
RESULTS:
Out of the total study population males were 70 (27.1%) and females 188 (77.9%) with median age 30 years. The median ferritin level was 12.8 ng/ml. Out of total, 142 (55%) of cases were with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. A significant (p=0.03) gender based median ferritin level difference was observed with 1.5 times more probability of low iron stores in females as compared to males (OR=1.5). No statistically significant difference in body iron stores exists in different age groups.
CONCLUSION:
A significant difference was noted in the iron stores in gender groups and the probability of depleted/low iron stores was higher in female gender as compared to male gender in all age groups in our population.
Determination of Most Frequent Emergencies in Patients with Fixed and Removable Orthodontic Appliances at Tertiary Care Dental Hospital
Get PDFOBJECTIVES:
To determine the frequency of emergencies in patients with fixed and removable orthodontic appliances at tertiary care dental hospital.
METHODOLOGY:
A questionnaire was designed for this descriptive cross-sectional study to be filled by the clinician (L3/L4 FCPS resident) at the end of addressing every orthodontic emergency. Sampling was done under consecutive non-probability protocols. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the frequency of different orthodontic emergencies, and Pearson’s chi-square test was applied to determine association of emergencies with gender and etiology of emergency (patient related vs operator related). Data was analyzed on SPSS version 20.
RESULTS:
A total of 175 patients reported with orthodontic emergencies. The sample comprised 38.3% males and 61.7% females. Most frequent orthodontic emergency reported was deboned brackets in fixed appliances, while the most common emergency in removable appliances was traumatic PNAM. A statistically significant association (Pearson’s Chi Square=4.74, Cramer’s V=0.165, p=0.029) was seen for removable and fixed appliance emergencies with males and females.
CONCLUSION:
Most frequent fixed appliance orthodontic emergencies were deboned brackets while for removable appliance emergencies were trauma due to PNAM. Emergencies with removable appliances were mostly due to the operator related factors, while in fixed appliances patient related factors were dominating
Comparison of Linear Dimensional Accuracy Between One Step and Two-step Impression Technique Using Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Material
Get PDFObjectives:
This study compares the linear dimensional accuracy between one step and two-step impression techniques using polyvinyl siloxane impression material.
Methodology:
The Randomized controlled trial was done in the Department of Prosthodontics, FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore and Pakistan Council for Science and Industrial Research Lahore. All impression samples which fall under the inclusion criteria in the Department of Prosthodontics, FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore and Pakistan Council for Science and Industrial Research Lahore were included. Samples were divided into two groups, i.e., Group 1 (single-step technique) & Group 2 (two-step technique). The impression's longitudinal length and inter-line distance were measured to assess the outcome i-e linear dimensional accuracy.
Result:
A total of 60 impression samples with polyvinyl siloxane impressions material were made. The linear dimensional accuracy in one step & two-step impression technique was seen in 5 (8.33%) & 13(21.66%) samples, respectively, (p=0.011).
Conclusion:
Compared to the one-step impression technique, the higher linear dimensional accuracy of the two-step impression technique uses polyvinyl siloxane impression material
Evaluating Impact of Empagliflozin on Lipid Profile of Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFOBJECTIVES:
To assess the effect of two doses, i.e., 10 mg and 25 mg of empagliflozin, on the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with suboptimal glycemic control on maximal doses of metformin and sitagliptin.
METHODOLOGY:
The study design was a randomized, open-label clinical trial. Fifty-nine adult patients of T2DM who were already on 2000 mg of Metformin and 100 mg of Sitagliptin and were having suboptimal glycaemic control (HBA1C > 7% <12%) were randomly allocated in 1:1 ratio to two groups, one group receiving 10 mg (Group A) and the other group receiving 25 mg of Empagliflozin (Group B) as an additional treatment. Fasting lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), were taken before and 12 weeks after the addition of empagliflozin in both the groups.
RESULTS:
Total patients in group A were 31, and their mean age was 51.48±4.29 years. In group B, there were 28 patients, whose mean age was 52.39 ± 5.20 years. There was an increase in TC, LDL-C and HDL-C and a reduction of TG in both the groups after treatment with empagliflozin, but it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Both doses of Empagliflozin (10 and 25 mg) modestly elevates total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C and modestly reduce triglyceride levels in T2DM patients, but the change is not statistically significant.
KEYWORDS: Empagliflozin, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Total cholesterol, Low-density cholesterol, High-density cholesterol, Triglyceride
Comparison of Hematological and Inflammatory Markers to Predict Outcome in Covid-19 in 1st and 4th Wave
Get PDFOBJECTIVES:
To compare the values of the hematological and inflammatory markers in 1st and 4th waves to predict the outcome of COVID-19 in a hospital-based study.
METHODOLOGY:
This comparative study was conducted in the Department of Hematology, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from April 2020 to 20 August 2021. Tests of significance (Independent t-test/Mann Whitney U test) and Chi-square test were used. Relevant information was recorded on a pre-designed proforma prepared following the study's objectives.
RESULTS:
A total of 178 patients, 71 from (the 1st wave) and 107 from (the 4th wave) with known outcomes, were studied. A statistically significant difference exists between the groups (1st vs 4th wave) regarding hematological markers; neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p=0.02), Absolute Neutrophilic count (ANC) (p=0.01) and platelet count (p=0.001). Similarly, significantly higher inflammatory markers values were recorded in the 1st wave compared with the 4th wave regarding inflammatory markers; CRP (p=0.002) and D-dimer (p=0.001). During the 1st wave, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), ANC and d-dimer were the leading prognostic indicators to predict mortality/worst outcome in COVID-19 with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.74, 0.70 and 0.7 on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) respectively. In 4th, the Area under the curve (AUC) of d-dimer was 0.84 to predict mortality.
CONCLUSION:
TLC, ANC, NLR, and low platelet count were the worst hematological markers in COVID-19 in the first wave, while d-dimer and CRP were the primary prognostic inflammatory markers. Unlikely in the 4th wave, the prognostic values of hematological markers were merely significant. The d-dimer values in both the waves proved to be reliable for predicting the severity and mortality of COVID-19
Pleural Mesothelioma: Unexpected Finding in a Young Man
Get PDFPleural mesothelioma is the disease of the elderly, usually in the seventh decade of life. Asbestos exposure is the most common finding among these patients. Other causes include a simian virus, radiation exposure, genetic predisposition and erionite. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, weight loss, dull achy chest pain on the site of the lesion and anorexia. Pleural effusion is common and video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) biopsy is the investigation of choice. pleurectomy, pleuro-pneumonectomy and cisplatin-based therapy are management modalities depending upon the stage of the disease. We are presenting an unusual case of pleural mesothelioma in a young patient with no significant exposure to the causative agent
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers Attending Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFOBJECTIVES:
To determine knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending tertiary care hospitals.
METHODOLOGY:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. A total of 162 mothers were selected who were practicing breastfeeding of ages between 20 to 35 years, having a full-term baby of age up to 6 months old. The data is collected through a pre-planned questionnaire and then was analyzed using statistics version 24.0. The duration of the study was from 1st June 2020 to 30th October 2020.
RESULTS:
The results showed that no significant association was found between age groups, socio-economic status regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice (p>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to educational status (p<0.05). 123 (73.21%) mothers had unsatisfactory; whereas 39 (24.07%) mothers had excellent knowledge regarding breastfeeding. 39 (27.07%) of breast-feeding mothers had a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. 123 (73.21%) women showed a negative response regarding the practice of breastfeeding.
CONCLUSION:
Most of the mothers didn’t have adequate knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice. As a result, it is suggested that media can be used as a medium to educate women about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)