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THE MALE EXPATRIATE SPOUSE: WHAT IT MEANS TO BE A MAN WHO FOLLOWS
Get PDFObjective of Study: Expatriate spouses have received increasing attention in empirical studies on expatriation and adjustment. Often these studies were conducted through a human resource management lens with samples that were mostly female. Drawing on gender role theory, masculine coping schema, and known phenomena of intercultural adjustment, my study researched the lived experience of male spouses of expatriate workers. I used a social work lens to explore male role and identity paradigms as constructed through cultural and social upbringing, and how those paradigms impact a man’s transition to a “trailing spouse” who is influenced by expatriate work culture and host country culture.
Methods and Results: This was a phenomenological qualitative research study. The sample consisted of male spouses of expatriates who were working overseas through U.S. Diplomatic missions. I used a purposive, non-probability snowball sampling technique to recruit ten American men from nine different countries. These participants provided me with qualitative data during single-session interviews conducted over Zoom. I analyzed the data using a concept-driven thematic coding process with a combination of deductive and inductive analytical methods. I organized my results into five major themes and 18 subcategories. My major themes are: Perceiving oneself as a male expatriate spouse; Evaluating gender-based identity and roles; Negotiating culture; Adjusting to a process; and Cultivating a lifestyle.
Conclusions: Most participants in this sample made a pre-determined choice to live the expatriate lifestyle; they did not “trail” or “follow” their wives overseas in a submissive sense, but instead were achieving the goal of expatriation in tandem with their spouses. These men were comfortable in their roles supporting their breadwinner spouses who were pursuing their careers abroad. Most participants created their own metrics for success and constructed a modern form of masculinity based on personal adaptability, which allowed them to feel comfortable in their roles. Participants were largely uninfluenced by host country cultures or their spouses’ organizational cultures, found connection with the expatriate cultures they interfaced with, and expressed some conflict in resolving the traditionally masculine elements of their home country cultures. Half of my participants maintained a desire to pursue their chosen careers and considered that to be a significant part of their identities.
Implications: This study allows for a better understanding of how male expatriate spouses perceive their worlds, which can inform proactive and reactive mechanisms to support this population. Future studies should thoroughly explore the particular needs of male spouses of expatriates through the lenses of gender, culture, and work
EXPLORING RECOVERY AS A MEDIATIOR IN CERTIFIED PEER SPECIALIST SERVICES AND COMMUNITY INTEGRATION OUTCOMES: CERTIFIED PEER SPECIALISTS AS TRANSLATIONAL PRACITITIONERS
Get PDFABSTRACT EXPLORING RECOVERY AS A MEDIATOR IN CERTIFIED PEER SPECIALIST SERVICES AND COMMUNITY INTEGRATION OUTCOMES: CERTIFIED PEER SPECIALISTS AS TRANSLATIONAL PRACTITIONERS
Mary K. Tuohy
Phyllis Solomon
Objective: The rapid expansion of certified peer specialist (CPS) services to align mental health treatment with the recovery paradigm highlights the key intersection of recovery, community integration, and CPSs. This study explored recovery as a mediator of the relationships connecting reported community integration outcomes to quantity and variety of certified peer specialist (CPS) services delivered to individuals with severe mental illness receiving community mental health treatment.
Methods: Two survey data sets (n=104) - one measuring community integration and one measuring recovery, were correlated with CPS service utilization data from the prior month. Regression modeling was used to identify those measures of CPS services and covariates most likely to predict community integration, with significant predictors for community integration proceeding to mediation analysis. The ultimate goal of hypothesis testing for this study was to test recovery as a mediator of the relationship between CPS services and community integration.
Results: Three measures of CPS services: embedded clubhouse hours, community hours, and total hours emerged as greater predictors of community integration and were included for mediation analysis. Of the three services, only embedded clubhouse services showed partial mediation. Total CPS service hours were positively correlated with community integration but did not show mediation. Community CPS service hours however, were negatively correlated with community integration, and the relationship was not mediated by recovery.
Conclusion: Together these results suggest greater impact for CPS interventions in programs and settings highly aligned with recovery. The results favor site-based programs, particularly the clubhouse model for this sub-population of service recipients. Negative findings for community- based services highlight challenges for individuals with living in restrictive settings and suggest more deliberate approaches to services in the community may be necessary. The identified potential for CPSs to promote recovery may help guide the rapid expansion of CPS services and the growing movement for national CPS training and certification.
Keywords: certified peer specialists, recovery, community integration, severe mental illnes
INEQUALITIES IN MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT RELATED TO RACE AMONG SEEKERS OR RECIPIENTS OF SERVICE AT NAVY FLEET AND FAMILY SUPPORT CENTERS
Get PDFAbstract
A cross-sectional design and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses that negative racial climate and perceived racism outside of treatment setting would significantly impact the odds of self-referring to treatment, that negative racial climate and perceived racism outside of treatment setting would significantly impact the odds of completing treatment, that negative racial climate and perceived racism outside of treatment setting would significantly predict the number of sessions attended, and that treatment-specific negative racial climate and perceived racism would impact the odds of treatment completion. Methods: 79 Black male sailors completed an online survey consisting of the Racial Microaggressions in Counseling Scale (RMCS), the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), and the Racial Microaggression Scale (RMAS). Demographic questions about age and rank in the Navy were solicited, as was the number of sessions attended. Results: There was no significant relationship between perceived racism outside of treatment, negative racial climate, the number of treatment sessions, and treatment completion. However, the hypothesis that treatment-specific negative racial climate and perceived racism would impact the odds of completing treatment was supported. A total of N=79 men identifying as Black or African American and are currently or had been active members of the Navy qualified for the study. Of those, n=35 sought or received services from the Navy Fleet and Family Support Centers and were included in these analyses. Less than 30% of participants reported completing 7-8 or more treatment sessions (n=9, 27%) - did not attend the minimum number for completed treatment. Only 7 (21%) reported completing treatment. Placing the sample’s median scores within the context of the scale range suggest that the sample as a whole experienced high rate of racial discrimination and microaggressions in their everyday lives as well as high rates of treatment-specific microaggressions. Median score (midway point) for the EDS scale = 23, the median score for the sample = 42. Median score for the RMCS scale = 10, median score for the sample = 24. Median score for the RMAS scale = 64, median score for the sample = 121. Significant results were: RMCS and completing treatment: odds of completing treatment decreased by 23% with each addition ¼ of a point increase in racial microaggression in counseling score. Age significantly predicted a 1-2 session increase in the number of treatment sessions with every 17 to 20-year increase in age. Agreeing on a treatment plan was associated with significantly higher rates of completing treatment. Lastly, the race of the counselor results, despite the small number, indicated that more respondents who reported completing treatment and had a counselor they believed to be of Asian descent. Conclusion: Results point to the importance of both the client and the therapist agreeing on the course of treatment and addressing racial microaggressions within the treatment dyad as major elements determining treatment success
Mask-wearing and Trustworthiness in a Modified Investment Game: A Pilot Study
Get PDFSince the early days of the COVID-19 Pandemic, face masks have emerged as a flashpoint of controversy in public discourse. While most Americans appreciate the public health importance of mask-wearing, some view masks as an unwanted imposition; some still, an affront to deep-seated values of individual liberty. In this paper, we present the results of an experiment aimed at assessing what effects, if any, face mask usage has on perceptions of an individual’s trustworthiness. While previous studies have used images of masked faces to elicit survey responses, this experiment used self-reported mask usage as a primer in a modified investment game to assess potential relations between mask usage and perceived trustworthiness. We find evidence to suggest individuals who report wearing masks more frequently are trusted more than individuals who report seldom wearing masks. Given the importance of trust between often-masked medical professionals and the public in the setting of infectious disease outbreaks, we believe the findings of this experiment may prove fruitful in elucidating the effects of personal protective equipment (PPE) usage on perceptions of trustworthiness
Investigating Host Countries’ Refugee-Related Policies and Its Effect on Lived Experiences of Rohingya Refugees
Get PDFRohingya refugees are one of the most discriminated against and vulnerable populations in the world. As a consequence of being persecuted in their homeland by the Myanmar government, many Rohingya have fled their homes to seek refuge in neighboring countries. However, the acceptance of Rohingya refugees has varied in different locations, resulting in the subpar treatment of the refugees. This paper explores how the host state government’s policy and stance on migrants and migrant protection within a country influences the level of violence faced by Rohingya refugees residing in their country. The host states chosen for the study include Bangladesh, Malaysia, and India. The two main types of violence Rohingya refugees face residing in the host states include: (1) state-inflicted violence such as through detention centers and police harassment; and (2) policies, or the lack thereof, that facilitate the occurrence of violence such as human trafficking and inhumane living conditions. The paper exposes how the international community and host countries’ soft stance towards supporting Rohingya refugees and lack of harsh condemnation towards Myanmar has shaped the violent experiences of Rohingya refugees
Political Partisanship, Extreme Polarization and Youth Voter Turnout in 2020
Get PDFThe 2010s saw a rapid increase in political partisanship and subsequent extreme polarization in the United States and its political institutions and systems. Additionally, political apathy among young adult and teenage voters has long been beleaguered as a source of low voter turnout in the United States, at least comparatively when considering other developed democracies. Considering these points, this research paper seeks to identify whether rising political partisanship and extreme polarization affect the disillusionment of teenage voters in the political process of voting; do these phenomena discourage eligible teenagers from exercising their right to vote? Previous research on the effect of extreme polarization and partisanship on voting trends focuses on the voting eligible population (VEP) as a whole, with no studies concerning the teenage (18-19) voting demographic specifically. The vast majority of such studies have concluded that increases in the aforementioned phenomena are correlated with higher voter turnout, suggesting possible causation. In conducting subject interviews with fifteen eligible teenagers who voted in the 2020 presidential election, content and correlational analyses were used to identify whether this trend was similarly present among youth voters. The resulting study found that, in line with the VEP as a whole, teenage voters cited an increased likelihood to vote as a result of increasing partisanship and polarization within the political climate, suggesting a positive correlation. Positive statistical correlations were noted between the perceived levels of polarization and the phenomenon’s influence on the likelihood to vote, as well as between partisanship and the same effect. The results of this research imply that voter turnout efforts have no cause to especially focus on youth voters in regard to polarization. Instead, charged political climates will increase youth turnout as they do with the VEP as a whole, suggesting that as polarization persists in the United States, there will be a concurrent increased political engagement among youth voters
Theory in a Global Context: A Critical Practice in Five Steps
Get PDFOriginally delivered as the 2021 CARGC Distinguished Lecture in Global Communication, CARGC Paper 17 historicizes and situates theory in a global context, approaching it as an intellectual tradition that has produced powerful critiques of normativity and decentered text, image, and genealogy. In this paper, Professor Tarek El-Ariss revisits his intellectual trajectory and scrutinizes his engagement with critical theory. Reflecting on his personal journey as a scholar, writer, and critic in this article, he delineates five stages of critical practice in his encounters with theory, comparative literature, and Middle Eastern studies. These five stages are: a critique of representation, occupy the canon, impasse and breakdown, cross-disciplinary sublime, and new writing genres. By offering a wide-ranging and insightful overview of the five-stage theoretical practice in this paper, Professor El-Ariss addresses some of the questions and ethical imperatives that we need to raise as an intellectual community today in order to develop new critical practices, writing genres, and forms of communication that operate at both local and global levels.https://repository.upenn.edu/cargc_papers/1017/thumbnail.jp
El Agua Es Oro: A Human Centered Solution for the City of Cochabamba, Bolivia
Get PDFThe purpose of El Agua Es Oro (The Water is Gold) is to satisfy social needs, specifically for women living in peri-urban areas, with a more advanced efficiency. El Agua Es Oro creates an added value for people’s well-being by maximizing socio-environmental context and not just focusing on for-profit economics. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy to generate economic resources to sustain the impact that the organization seeks to achieve. El Agua Es Oro is a social enterprise based on the application of social innovation with the methodology and tools of a people-centered design, focusing on teenage girls and women. The foundations of the project and the pre-conceived idea were born from the informal field work that was carried out with a small community in Cochabamba, Bolivia, based on the women’s needs to access greater hygiene and sanitation. The core of the social project showed the difficulties faced in the area, from socio-environmental problems, going through the lack of access to water, to the lack of public initiatives from the State and non-profit organizations for the community. To ensure the sustainability of the planned intervention, this project plan has been carried out as informal fieldwork and research for more than a year. The project is divided into segments that identify the analysis of the macro environment, implement the strategic marketing, determine the resources needed, design the operations, and finally analyze the assessment of viability
Change in Subjective Well-Being, Affluence and Trust in Judiciary in India
Get PDFThe present study tests the hypothesis that trust in the lower judiciary in India - comprising High Courts at the state level and District Courts at the lower level - is associated with improvement in subjective economic well-being. The analysis is based on the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 1 and 2 in 2005 and 2012, a large nationally representative household panel dataset. Using 2SLS and Lewbel IV models to take into account the endogeneity of trust in the lower judiciary, our analysis confirms that trust in the lower judiciary has a positive association with the change in SWB. The policy significance of this result is substantial as the pace of judicial reform tends to be slow in developing countries, such as India. Attention is drawn to specific reforms to reduce the pendency of cases. These include repeal of long outdated and dysfunctional laws, greater funding for expansion of the judiciary and, more importantly, for increasing the productivity of judges through the creation of a specialised administrative agency to support the judiciary and more effective use of IT in case management. This also has the potential for reducing rampant corruption, frequency of adjournments in court hearings as well as in ensuring autonomy of the judiciary
