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The Financial and Economic Inclusion of Migrant Workers in Japan: A Case Study of the Technical Intern Training Program in Hokkaido
Get PDFAlthough the overall situation of migrant workers (TITPs) in Japan is relatively better than their counterparts in other regions of Asia due to higher regulation of migration, salary, and working conditions, there are still many issues to be addressed. The three main pain points of unstable salary, high debt, and lack of job standardization or mobility are largely due to a misleading history and structure of the TITP system in the first place, as well as an unnecessary and often abusive multi-level broker system. To resolve these root issues, this paper advocates for an eradication of secondary brokers, as well as an overhaul of most of the TITP system to the newly-created and much more stable Special Visa system, which would require the Japanese public to first learn to accept and embrace migrant workers as a necessary addition to Japanese society — not to mention, as fellow human beings with families to provide for and life dreams to pursue
The Lack of Full Pro Drop as a Consequence of Featural Overspecification
Get PDFDespite the enormous attention that pro drop has received in the linguistic literature, there is no generally accepted answer to the question why relatively rich Germanic languages do not have argumental null subjects, neither is there a fundamental answer to the question why English would not allow them in at least 3SG contexts, where the agreement marker uniquely identifies the features of the unexpressed subject, just like in Italian. We argue that a closer inspection of the Germanic languages reveals that tense and agreement are expressed mono-morphemically, whereas Romance pro drop languages have distinct morphemes for tense and agreement. This allows us to postulate that the lack of pro drop in Germanic languages is a consequence of overspecification: the presence of the tense features makes licensing of a null subject impossible. Germanic variants that have partial pro drop, such as Frisian and Bavarian German, can be naturally accommodated in our approach by reference to complementizer agreement
Characterizing and Quantifying the Redox Behavior of Cytokine HMGB1 in Drug-Induced Liver Injury via High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
No full textHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein that is released in several pathological contexts, including acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, and modulates the subsequent immune response to tissue damage. Oxidation of HMGB1 potentially regulates its interactions with the immune system but there have been a number of contradictory studies on the redox behavior of HMGB1 and what proteoforms of HMGB1 are present in oxidative pathology. Therefore, a stable isotope dilution two-dimensional nano-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography parallel reaction monitoring/high-resolution mass spectrometry (2D-nano-UHPLC-PRM/HRMS) method was developed along with a hepatocarcinoma cell model of APAP overdose to allow for characterization of HMGB1 redox behavior during APAP toxicity. Oxidative modifications to cysteine (Cys) residues (Cys-23, Cys-45, and Cys-106) that are present in HMGB1 were characterized and quantified using carbamidoethyl (CAE) derivatization before and after reduction as well as by direct analysis of disulfide cross-linked peptides. A stable isotope labeled form of HMGB1 was used as an internal standard to correct for sample-to-sample differences in immunoaffinity precipitation (IP), derivatization, and electrospray ionization. The metabolism, toxicity and release of HMGB1 in response to APAP were characterized in a cell model of APAP overdose. Four discreet HMGB1 proteoforms were found to be released from cells following a 24-hour exposure to toxic levels of APAP. Reduced HMGB1 with all three Cys-residues in their free thiol state accounted for 18% of the secreted HMGB1. The proteoform with disulfide between Cys-23 and Cys-45 accounted for 24% of the HMGB1. No evidence was obtained for a disulfide cross-link between Cys-106 and the other two Cys-residues. However, 45% of the HMGB1 formed a cross-link with unidentified intracellular proteins via an intermolecular disulfide bond and 12% was present as cysteic acid. Secreted plasma HMGB1 Cys-23/Cys45 disulfide proteoform together with the Cys-106/protein disulfide proteoforms could potentially serve as early biomarkers of hepatoxicity after APAP overdose as well as biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
Penn Library\u27s Ms. Codex 1577 - Fiorecti del libro de Sancto Francesco [etc.]. (Video Orientation)
No full texthttps://repository.upenn.edu/sims_video/1188/thumbnail.jp
How Occam’s Razor Guides Human Inference
Get PDFOccam’s razor is the principle stating that, all else being equal, simpler explanations for a set of observations are preferred over more complex ones. This idea is central to multiple formal theories of statistical model selection and is posited to play a role in human perception and decision-making, but a general, quantitative account of the specific nature and impact of complexity on human decision-making is still missing. Here we use preregistered experiments to show that, when faced with uncertain evidence, human subjects bias their decisions in favor of simpler explanations in a way that can be quantified precisely using the framework of Bayesian model selection. Specifically, these biases, which were also exhibited by artificial neural networks trained to optimize performance on comparable tasks, reflect an aversion to complex explanations (statistical models of data) that depends on specific geometrical features of those models, namely their dimensionality, boundaries, volume, and curvature. Moreover, the simplicity bias persists for human, but not artificial, subjects even for tasks for which the bias is maladaptive and can lower overall performance. Taken together, our results imply that principled notions of statistical model complexity have direct, quantitative relevance to human and machine decision-making and establish a new understanding of the computational foundations, and behavioral benefits, of our predilection for inferring simplicity in the latent properties of our complex world
Collation Model for Ms. Codex 925: De amore et dilectione dei et proximi, ac de forma vitae ... [etc.].
Get PDFCollection of works (with preceding table of contents) by Albertano da Brescia on civic peace, the community, and the role of the individual; also includes a letter by Bernard of Clairvaux, and a copy of the apocryphal letter of P. Lentulus to the Roman senate describing the physical appearance of Jesus Christ; manuscript has been completed in two parts (first part, f. i-ii, 1-48; sectiond part, f. 49-86, i-ii) which have been bound together.https://repository.upenn.edu/sims_models/1133/thumbnail.jp
Greenfield HSA Service Learning Project
Get PDFAlbert M. Greenfield Elementary School is a kindergarten to eighth-grade public school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Greenfield Home and School Association (HSA) is a parent organization whose efforts to support the school include sending weekly informational newsletters and by fundraising for school improvements. The HSA recently has become concerned that Greenfield teachers may be struggling with burnout originating from increasing demands placed upon them by pandemic-related stresses. The HSA asked for help in identifying and evaluating positive psychology interventions that could be used at Greenfield to reduce teacher burnout and increase teacher well-being. Three students from the Master of Positive Psychology (MAPP) program at the University of Pennsylvania addressed the concerns of the HSA by developing well-being interventions that might be adopted by the HSA as part of their programming over the next year. The interventions proposed by the MAPP students included administering a teacher burnout and well-being survey, adopting a mission statement that incorporated a well-being purpose for the organization, developing micro-interventions that could be easily and quickly used by teachers, improving the teachers’ lounge for greater well-being, and hosting a positive psychology retreat for teachers. Each of these interventions, described in detail in this report, was intended to use the principles of positive psychology to alleviate and prevent burnout in teachers and help build and enhance the resilience of the school community post-pandemic
Penn Library\u27s LJS 37 and LJS 460 -[Ikhtiṣār lil-maqālāt min kitāb Uqlīdis](Video Orientation)
No full texthttps://repository.upenn.edu/sims_video/1199/thumbnail.jp
Effect of Preirradiation Fluoride Treatment on the Physical Properties of Dentin
Get PDFObjective. To determine the effects of preirradiation fluoride treatments on the Knoop hardness of dentin. Materials and Methods. Human posterior teeth mounted into acrylic resin molds were polished with silicon carbide (SiC) abrasives and 3-micron diamond paste. The Knoop hardness of dentin was measured with a Leco hardness instrument. The teeth were divided into groups of ten teeth per group as follows: no treatment (control), treatment with silver diamine fluoride (SDF), MI varnish (MI), and cavity shield (CS). The teeth were exposed to 2 Gy of daily radiation for six weeks using an X-Rad 320ix biological irradiator. Hardness was measured weekly, before, during, and after irradiation. The teeth were stored in artificial saliva at 37oC between radiation treatments. Results. In preirradiation dentin, a Knoop hardness value of 58.8 (14.1) KHN was obtained. Treatment with SDF significantly increased KHN before irradiation. Immediately after radiation treatment, hardness was significantly reduced in all experimental groups. Postirradiation fluoride treatments increased the hardness of dentin to varying degrees. Conclusions. Preirradiation fluoride treatment does not provide protection from decreases in the hardness of dentin. Treatment of teeth with fluoride formulations after radiation progressively restores the hardness of dentin to different degrees. © 2022 Francis K. Mante et al