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Penn Library\u27s LJS 398 - Maqālah fī khalq al-insān. = مقالة في خلق الانسان. (Video Orientation)
No full texthttps://repository.upenn.edu/sims_video/1154/thumbnail.jp
Penn Library\u27s Ms. Codex 1676 - [Alchemical and medical compendium]. (Video Orientation)
No full texthttps://repository.upenn.edu/sims_video/1158/thumbnail.jp
Batch Versus Continuous Acetaminophen Production
Get PDFGlobally, acetaminophen is one of the most highly consumed over-the-counter drugs with an estimated market size nearing 4/kg, the continuous process will yield a 15-year Net Present Value (NPV) of 7,300,000 and 18% for the batch process. The continuous process provides increasingly better financial returns as sale price increases relative to the batch process. Multiple factors contribute to the continuous process being more economical. The most significant factor is the lower equipment cost of 67,300,000 USD for the batch process. Additionally, the continuous process sees lower operating costs in terms of both decreased energy consumption and lower operator costs. These conclusions provide justification for the continued development of a continuous process as the impact on society, pharmacy and the environment could be profound
A Multi-Generational Workplace Perspective: The Phenomenon of the Millennial African Immigrant Woman in Corporate America
Get PDFThis research and capstone explore how the experiences of Ghanaian and Nigerian first andsecond-generation immigrant women in the U.S. workplace differ from their Black American counterparts. This research specifically focuses on the experiences of millennials (born between 1981 – 1996), Black, women, who had at least three years of work experience. Through interviews including first andsecond-generation Ghanaian and Nigerian women and multi-generational Black American women, the capstone examines issues that include the stereotype threat, emotional tax, and the model minority myth. With the growth in the Black immigrant population over the last century, it is imperative that companies realize the nuanced differences present in these groups (Kposowa, 2002). Many of the women who participated in this study mentioned instances where stereotype threat and emotional tax negatively affected their workplace experiences. In all ten interviews, each woman had at least one instance where she felt that her race played in part in her workplace treatment. All the women felt as though they had to be acutely aware of how they presented themselves in the workplace. There were, however, slight differences in their workplace and educational social experiences, depending on whether they were Black American, or a first or second-generation Ghanaian or Nigerian millennial, immigrant, woman
Collation Model for Oversize Ms. Codex 29: Bullae S[anc]t[orum] Pontificum
Get PDFRegister of papal bulls, letters, etc. particularly from the period when the papacy was at Avignon. Contains 42 bulls, interdicts, etc. from John XXII (1316-1334), all pertaining to his struggle with Emperor Louis of Bavaria (f. 1r-123r). There is a table of contents for these bulls and a letter from Gregory IX (1227-1241), dated 29 January 1240 (f. 1r). Also contains papal letters dating 1352-1378 (f. 125r-276v); 112 letters from Innocent VI (1352-1362), mostly dealing with affairs of England, France and Sicily (f. 125r-176v); 165 letters from Gregory XI (1370-1378), 23 of which are in French and are mostly to the king of France, Charles V (f. 179v-262v); and miscellaneous papal letters, mostly of Urban V (1362-1370) (f. 263r-276v).https://repository.upenn.edu/sims_models/1060/thumbnail.jp
Collation Model for Ms. Codex 55: Statuta communitatis Viglani...
Get PDFStatutes of Vigliano d\u27Asti (f. 1r-14r). The statutes are preceded by a section entitled, Rubrice capitulorum et statutorum ... (f. [i]r-[iii]r).https://repository.upenn.edu/sims_models/1061/thumbnail.jp
Collation Model for Ms. Codex 16: Guerino Meschino
Get PDFRomance about Guerino, son of an Italian prince. Separated from his parents as a baby and deprived of his royal status (dubbed Meschino, Wretched ), he embarks on a number of chivalric adventures, travels the world, discovers his identity, and returns to recapture his kingdom. This work is also known as Guerino il Meschino, Guerrino detto il Meschino and Meschino da Durazzo.https://repository.upenn.edu/sims_models/1081/thumbnail.jp
Methods For Text Summarization Evaluation
Get PDFThe ability to effectively evaluate a learned model is a critical component of machine learning research; without it, progress on tasks cannot be measured and is thus impossible. In the natural language processing task of text summarization, evaluation is incredibly difficult: the notion of the perfect summary content is ill-defined, but even if it could be defined, that content can be expressed in many different ways, making it difficult to identify in a summary. The evaluation metrics that researchers propose for text summarization must overcome these challenges in some way. In this thesis, I identify problems with the existing methodologies for evaluating summaries as well as meta-evaluating the quality of an evaluation metric and propose solutions for improving them. I demonstrate that commonly used evaluation metrics fail to properly evaluate the information content of summaries and propose an evaluation metric based on question-answering to address the shortcomings of existing metrics. Then, I argue that the class of metrics which attempt to evaluate the quality of a summary\u27s content without the aid of a human-written reference is inherently biased and limited in its ability to evaluate summaries. Finally, I identify that the methodology for quantifying how well an automatic metric agrees with human judgments of summary quality fails to provide a complete understanding of a metric\u27s performance. To that end, I propose new statistical analysis tools to address the limitations of the standard meta-evaluation procedure and provide a new protocol for meta-evaluating metrics that better evaluates metrics in realistic use cases
Computational Mechanisms Underlying Perception Of Visual Motion
Get PDFMotion is a fundamental property estimated by human sensory-perception. When visual shapes and patterns change their positions over time, we perceive motion. Relating properties of perceived motion—speed and direction—to properties of visual stimuli is an important endeavor in vision science. Understanding this relationship requires an understanding of the computations performed by the visual system to extract motion information from visual stimuli. The present research sheds light on the nature of these computations. In the first study, human performance in a speed discrimination task with naturalistic stimuli is compared to performance of an ideal observer model. The ideal observer model utilizes computations that have been optimized for discriminating speed among a large training set of naturalistic stimuli. Although human performance falls short of ideal observer performance because of the presence of internal noise, the remarkable finding is that the computations performed minimize, to the maximum possible extent, the performance limits imposed by external stimulus variability. In other words, humans perform computations that are optimal. The second study focuses on how spatial frequency, a basic characteristic of visual patterns, impacts the process by which the visual system integrates motion across time (temporal integration). A continuous target-tracking task demonstrates that longer temporal integration periods are associated with higher spatial frequencies. This predicts a visual depth illusion when the left and right eyes are simultaneously presented stimuli having different spatial frequencies. A second experiment using traditional forced-choice psychophysics confirms this prediction. The third study explores how color impacts estimates of spatial position during motion. We parameterize color in terms of L-cone and S-cone activity modulations in the eye. Using the same continuous target-tracking paradigm from Chapter 2, we demonstrate that position estimates for stimuli comprised of pure S-cone modulations lag behind position estimates for stimuli comprised of pure L-cone modulations. A key finding is that when L-cone and S-cone modulations are combined, processing lag is almost exclusively determined by L-cone modulations
The Impact Of Host Phenology On Parasite Transmission And Evolution
Get PDFParasite fitness is tightly controlled by host ecology. The timing of seasonal host activities, or host phenology, likely impacts parasite fitness by determining transmission between infected and uninfected hosts. Changes in host phenology are also expected to drive parasite adaptation in many disease systems, yet the quantitative and qualitative impact of phenology remains under-explored. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to develop theory on how host phenology impacts both parasite transmission and parasite evolution. A novel modelling framework was developed to study how tick life-stage phenology impacts the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi in the Lyme disease system. This study reveals that slightly asynchronous tick developmental-stage phenology results in high B. burgdorferi fitness compared to synchronous tick activity. Surprisingly, B. burgdorferi is eradicated as asynchrony increases further due to a feedback from mouse population dynamics. A model extension reveals that intermediate parasite virulence is adaptive in the absence of the classic virulence-transmission trade-off for obligate-killer, monocyclic parasites that complete one generation per season. These results suggest that host phenology could drive virulence evolution in some natural systems. A second model extension demonstrates that host phenology can drive multi-season epidemic cycles due to a feedback between host demography and parasite fitness. Short seasons and synchronous host emergence support parasite densities high enough to drive cycling dynamics as parasites adapt. Further, cycling dynamics generate an evolutionary feedback that slows parasite adaptation by preventing adaptive parasite mutants from invading when host densities have been driven down by high parasite densities. A final model extension reveals that host phenology creates multiple evolutionary stable strategies separated by evolutionary repellors for obligate-killer parasites with no constraints on the number of generations they complete per season. Certain environments support both monocyclic and polycyclic parasites, providing clues on the evolutionary origins of both strategies in nature. Overall, this dissertation contributes theory on the impact of host seasonality for parasite fitness and adaptation, providing a framework to study how species respond to seasonal change and predict how disease systems could respond to the impending climate crisis