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Covenant in Crisis: Orthodox Reactions to Slavery in Antebellum America, 1848-1861
Get PDFThis thesis provides an intellectual history of Orthodox reactions to slavery in the antebellum United States. It situates the Orthodox discourse within a dynamic mid-nineteenth century, including Judaism’s schism in Europe, Jewish migration to the United States, and the Protestant American religious debates about slavery. This paper highlights a key but under-examined moment in the development of American and post-Enlightenment Jewish thought
All the Pope\u27s Men: Vatican Diplomacy and Espionage in Tudor England, 1534-1570
Get PDFThis thesis examines the diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of England and the Holy See from 1534 to 1570. Its novel approach is characterized by both its reevaluation of the traditional motives ascribed to the various popes who reigned throughout the period by historians up to the present day and by its focus on studying the period from the perspective of the Holy See. Although access to primary source material was limited, this project ultimately found that the Catholic approach to dealing with the English Reformation was much more generous and much less sinister than historians have written throughout the past several centuries
Movements In and Out of Poverty at Older Ages: Evidence from the HRS
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to determine Americans’ mobility patterns into and out of poverty in their later years. We track how older adults enter into and exit from poverty using the most extensive longitudinal survey on older Americans currently available, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Using over 20 years of data from the HRS, we show that the conditional probability of escaping poverty diminishes as the number of years in poverty rise. In particular, older adults’ chances of exiting poverty fall sharply as their time in poverty lengthens, especially between four and eight years. Having been in poverty that long, the chances of exiting poverty then levels out. These results imply that poverty among the US elderly can be quite a persistent state for many older adults although individuals that escape poverty are often able to have income above the poverty line in future years
Apoyar El Baile Multicultural (Supporting the Multicultural Dance): A Qualitative Study of Social Workers Treating Latina Adolescents with Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors
Get PDFObjective: This qualitative study explores the experiences of social workers who work with Latina adolescents with suicidal behaviors. Specifically, this work explores social workers’ knowledge and utilization of sociocultural risk and protective factors (e.g., level of acculturation) when engaging Latina adolescents in suicide risk assessments and safety planning. “Latinx/Latine” will be used throughout the dissertation to reference the entire Latinx/Latine community as well as for gender non-conforming adolescents, and where gender is not relevant, unknown, or nonspecific, whereas “Latina” will designate Latina cisgender females. Research over the past two decades has shown that Latina female adolescents have higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts over time compared to non-Hispanic White, Black, and African American adolescent females (CDC, 2017, 2011; Price & Khubchandani, 2017; Romero et al., 2014; Silva & Van Orden, 2018) and are twice as likely to report suicidal ideation, prior suicidal plans, and suicide attempts compared to Latino male adolescents (Kann et al., 2018). Given the significance of suicidality among Latina adolescents, the study explores the understudied therapeutic relationship between Latina adolescents and their social workers to understand the facets that support therapeutic trust and risk assessments from the therapists’ perspectives when engaging in treatment to mitigate suicide risk.
Method: This study employed grounded theory methodology. The researcher used purposive, targeted, convenience, and snowball sampling to recruit 20 licensed social workers from outpatient mental health agencies in New York City. Participants each completed a single, in-depth, semi-structured interview about their therapeutic work engaging Latina adolescents and their parents in treatment for suicidality. The interview guide included questions and prompts addressing the following topics: social workers’ experiences treating Latina adolescents with suicidal behaviors; the understanding and use of Latinx/e sociocultural factors when assessing for suicide risk and safety planning including familismo, perceived as a factor that encourages keeping problems and concerns within the family (Steidel Lugo & Contreras, 2003); immigration and generational challenges; language barriers; perspectives on the significance of the therapeutic relationship; and training intervention needs. Interviews were transcribed verbatim for analysis. Using the constant comparative method, the researcher completed open coding to develop an iterative codebook, in addition to deductive coding using concepts from literature on suicidal behaviors for Latinx/e individuals and theoretical constructs surrounding Latinx/e beliefs and experiences regarding mental health and mental health care. The researcher worked with a qualitative methods expert and a content expert to analyze and synthesize data into findings.
Findings: Interview data supported the importance of social workers’ understanding of sociocultural factors in suicide treatment with Latina adolescents and their families. Specific factors identified by participants included the following: large acculturation gaps between the parent and adolescent; challenges acquiring independence and individual identity away from their family systems while balancing how autonomy looks for the family and the girls; pressure to embody the Latina female gender role; burden to create a better life than their immigrant parents; immigration status and discrimination; cultural and religious traditions values as protection; and family cohesion. Implicit biases were evident in all interviews and were not dependent on the participant’s self-identified race or ethnicity. These biases are highlighted by the researcher to increase contextual awareness viewpoints held in therapeutic care with Latina adolescents and their families. The primary importance of the social worker’s relationship with the adolescent, their parents or other family members, and the collective relationships with outside community members/providers involved in the adolescents’ lives contributed to effective treatment from the social worker’s point of view. The trusting, therapeutic role that bilingual and bicultural social workers hold due to their ability to grasp a deeper understanding of sociocultural factors was emphasized throughout the interviews as well. Engagement and effective care for Latina adolescent clients and their family members were aided by the following: utilizing relational growth strategies, including building trust and transparency around multiple identities in treatment; providing concrete therapeutic tools to both the adolescents and their family members such as teaching perspective-taking and increasing psychoeducation around suicide risk and safety planning; and social workers’ engagement in identity work outside of the therapeutic relationship.
Discussion: Sufficient trainings and a comprehensive understanding of Latinx/Latine sociocultural risk and protective impacts are necessary to effectively provide suicide treatment for Latina adolescents and to support their families. Findings speak to a significant gap in theoretical understandings of the clinical relationship in this context. Specifically, findings suggest elements that may flesh out the Ecodevelopmental Model including mental health treatment, the relationship with the social worker, and their knowledge of sociocultural factors to broaden a trajectory away from the Latina adolescent’s suicide attempt. Dominant cultural messaging about Latinx/e families and White-centered mental health practices that inform provider bias and approaches require ongoing analysis and discussions in order to increase engagement in growth-fostering therapeutic care for suicide risk.
Conclusion: This research finds several essential clinical needs for working with Latina adolescents exhibiting suicidal behaviors. These needs include the following: building a comprehensive sociocultural understanding of Latina adolescents that reduces biased assumptions of the girls and their families, the contexts they live in, and their immigration statuses; integrating family values and members into care; and building trust with cultural humility. It is essential to add to the knowledge base and minimize ongoing explicit and implicit bias of the mental health providers who serve this high-risk population in order to help Latina adolescents navigate and thrive in their complex multicultural worlds
Union Formation, Within-Couple Dynamics, and Child Well-Being in Global Comparative Perspective
Get PDFStudies on global changes in families have greatly increased over the past decade, adopting both a country-specific and, more recently, a cross-national comparative perspective. While most studies are focused on the drivers of global changes in families, little comparative research has explored the implications of family processes for the health and well-being of children. This study aims to fill this gap and launch a new research agenda exploring the intergenerational implications of union-formation and within-couple dynamics for children’s health and well-being across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), both globally, regionally, and by the stage of fertility transition. We do so by adopting a multi-axis conceptualization of children’s outcomes – health at birth, health in later life, and schooling – and leveraging Demographic and Health Survey and World Bank data across 75 LMICs. Our results show that in settings where partnerships are characterized by more equal status between spouses – i.e., where the age range between spouses and differences in years of schooling between partners are narrower – their offspring fare better on several outcomes. These associations are particularly strong in mid- and high-fertility settings. Despite a series of regularities, our results also highlight a set of findings whereby, at a macro-level, the prevalence of marriage and divorce/separation are not invariably associated with children’s outcomes, especially in LMICs where fertility is comparatively lower. We document little cross-regional heterogeneity, primarily highlighting the centrality of demographic factors such as age vis-à-vis, for instance, region-specific characteristics that are more tied to the social fabric of specific societies
Penn Library\u27s Ms. Codex 1655 - Adversariorum pars prima. (Video Orientation)
No full texthttps://repository.upenn.edu/sims_video/1123/thumbnail.jp
Penn Library\u27s LJS 451 - [Commentary on the Doctrinale puerorum]. (Video Orientation)
No full texthttps://repository.upenn.edu/sims_video/1192/thumbnail.jp
Penn Library\u27s LJS 453 - [Commentaries on Aristotle]. (Video Orientation)
No full texthttps://repository.upenn.edu/sims_video/1194/thumbnail.jp
Collation Model for Ms. Codex 659: Somme le roi.
Get PDFComprised of two works, both fragments, in one hand: Somme des vices et vertus, also known as Somme le roi of Frère Laurent (f. 1-64, 85); and Miroir des bonnes femmes (f. 65-84); plus a short text on what is now the final folio, Comment l\u27en se doit avoir a la messe (f. 84v).https://repository.upenn.edu/sims_models/1144/thumbnail.jp
Collation Model for Ms. Codex 857: [Summa].
Get PDFNotarial handbook including summae by Giovanni da Bologna and Arnulfus Canonicus Parisiensis, exempla, and a consilium of Ioannes Teutonicus combined with an excerpt from Raymond of Peñafort.https://repository.upenn.edu/sims_models/1130/thumbnail.jp