6615 research outputs found
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Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in people with cystic fibrosis in Europe between February and June 2020
No full textBACKGROUND: Viral infections can cause significant morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). The current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic could therefore have a serious impact on the health of people with CF (pwCF).
METHODS: We used the 38-country European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) to collect case data about pwCF and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS: Up to 30 June 2020, 16 countries reported 130 SARS-CoV-2 cases in people with CF, yielding an incidence of 2.70/1000 pwCF. Incidence was higher in lung-transplanted patients (n=23) versus non-transplanted patients (n=107) (8.43 versus 2.36 cases/1000). Incidence was higher in pwCF versus the age-matched general population in the age group
Prospects and Obstacles for Green Hydrogen Production in Russia
No full textRenewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable development goals in terms of climate change mitigation. Today, we face the problem of further scaling up renewable energy infrastructure, which requires the creation of reliable energy storages, environmentally friendly carriers, like hydrogen, and competitive international markets. These issues provoke the involvement of resource-based countries in the energy transition, which is questionable in terms of economic efficiency, compared to conventional hydrocarbon resources. To shed a light on the possible efficiency of green hydrogen production in such countries, this study is aimed at: (1) comparing key Russian trends of green hydrogen development with global trends, (2) presenting strategic scenarios for the Russian energy sector development, (3) presenting a case study of Russian hydrogen energy project «Dyakov Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP» in Magadan region. We argue that without significant changes in strategic planning and without focus on sustainable solutions support, the further development of Russian power industry will be halted in a conservative scenario with the limited presence of innovative solutions in renewable energy industries. Our case study showed that despite the closeness to Japan hydrogen market, economic efficiency is on the edge of zero, with payback period around 17 years. The decrease in project capacity below 543.6 MW will immediately lead to a negative NPV. The key reason for that is the low average market price of hydrogen (12.5/kg), while transportation requires about $0.96/kg more. Despite the discouraging results, it should be taken into account that such strategic projects are at the edge of energy development. We see them as an opportunity to lead transnational energy trade of green hydrogen, which could be competitive in the medium term, especially with state support
Foresight of Tourism in Kazakhstan: Experience Economy
No full textThe paper sheds a light on the interconnections between touristic sector development and regional development in Kazakhstan. The paper covers analysis of the current competitiveness of the touristic destinations in Kazakhstan. Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the study shows that there is a huge need for a transformation in marketing communications tools in order to increase the competitiveness and image of Kazakhstani tourism. The study provides potential scenarios and solutions to increase touristic attractiveness, which would lead to enticing more investors and increase tourism capacity and potential. Also, the paper provides insights in ecotourism and the regional economy by outlining the older and newer managerial and governmental approaches in supporting the entire tourism sector in Kazakhstan
Correlation between oral health and severity of respiratory coronavirus infection COVID-19
No full textAim . To establish the association between the presence of chronic infection in oral cavity and the severity of SARSCoV-2 infection. Materials and methods . The study was conducted among 30 people aged between18 and 22 who had had coronavirus infection from mild to severe cases. The assessment of oral health was carried out with main and additional examination methods, CFE index, PMA index, Greene, Wermillion oral hygiene index. Results . In group 1, the average value of CFE index was 4.2, in the second group – CFE index was twice higher at 7.8. PMA index in patients of group 2 was significantly higher (p> 0.01) and was at the level of 41.5%. In group 1, the PMA index was 13.3%. It was found that 17% of the respondents in the control group and 70% patients in the experimental group had an episodic exacerbation of dental diseases during COVID-19. Conclusions . The data obtained indicates a correlation between oral diseases and the severity of COVID-19. It is necessary to consider that chronic infection in the oral cavity as well as poor oral hygiene can act as a risk of complications of viral infections, in particular, of COVID-19
Building a digital economy (the case of BRICS)
No full textThe main direction of our research on building a digital economy includes the introduction of blockchain and cryptocurrency in the BRICS countries; advantages, obstacles, and prospects of the digital economy; the impact of robotization on the economic development of countries. The digital transformation of the economy of the BRICS group can be facilitated by the use of blockchain technology. The study identified the main advantages, threats and directions for the creation and use of a new cryptocurrency (BRICScoin) and blockchain technology by the BRICS countries. The digital economy is on the agenda around the world today, it is a new paradigm for the development of countries’ cooperation, and can become a driver of their economic growth. On the basis of the analysis, the advantages, obstacles and recommendations for the development of digital transformation in the BRICS countries were identified. Research in the development of robotics has revealed the benefits and challenges of this process. The use of a mathematical model made it possible to conclude that the growth of an existing fleet of industrial robots in the country affects the growth of its economy. The further development of robotics in the country will help increase its economic potential, product quality and export of innovative high-tech products
Antibacterial activity of grapefruit peel extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles
No full textBackground and Aim: The gradual loss of efficacy of conventional antibiotics is a global issue. Plant material extracts and green-synthesized nanoparticles are among the most promising options to address this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial properties of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of grapefruit peels as well as their inclusion in green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Materials and Methods: Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts (80% v/v) were prepared, and the volume and mass yields were determined. The synthesis of AgNPs was done in an eco-friendly manner using AgNO3 as a precursor. The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–vis spectrometry and photon cross-correlation spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested on three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, clinical Enterococcus faecalis, and S. aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (two clinical Escherichia coli) using various concentrations of extracts (100, 50, 25, 12, and 5 mg/mL and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide as negative control). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the microdilution method. Modulation of cefazoline and ampicillin on resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains was added to the mixture design response surface methodology with extreme vertices design, with the diameters of inhibition and the fractional inhibitory concentration index as responses and factors, respectively. The antibiotic, the ethanolic extract, and water varied from 0.1 MIC to 0.9 MIC for the first two and from 0 to 0.8 in proportion for the third. Validating the models was done by calculating the absolute average deviation, bias factor, and accuracy factor. Results: The volume yield of the EE and aqueous extract (AE) was 96.2% and 93.8% (v/v), respectively, whereas their mass yields were 7.84% and 9.41% (m/m), respectively. The synthesized AgNPs were very uniform and homogeneous, and their size was dependent on the concentration of AgNO3. The antibacterial activity of the two extracts was dose-dependent, and the largest inhibition diameter was observed for the Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus ATCC 6538; AE, 12; EE, 16), whereas AgNPs had a greater effect on Gram-negative bacteria. The MICs (mg/mL) of the AEs varied from 3.125 (S. aureus ATCC 6538) to 12.5 (E. coli 1 and E. coli 2), whereas the MICs of the EEs varied from 1.5625 (S. aureus 1, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and E. faecalis) to 6.25 (E. coli 1). There was a significant difference between the MICs of AEs and EEs (p=0.014). The MBCs (mg/mL) of the AEs varied from 12.5 (S. aureus ATCC 6538) to 50 (S. aureus 1), whereas those of the EEs varied from 6.25 (S. aureus 1) to 25 (E. coli 1 and E. faecalis). Ethanolic grapefruit extracts demonstrated an ability to modulate cefazolin on E. coli and S. aureus but were completely indifferent to ampicillin on E. coli. Conclusion: Grapefruit peel extracts and their AgNPs exhibit antibacterial properties that can be exploited for the synthesis of new antimicrobials and their EEs may be efficiently used synergistically with other antibiotics against bacteria with intermediate susceptibility
Non-Randomized Comparative Study of Olfaction in post-COVID-19 Children. Intermediary Results
No full textЦель исследования — оценка обоняния у детей после перенесенной COVID-19.
Методы исследования. В исследование был включен 81 ребенок, исследуемые были поделены на две группы сопоставимые по полу и возрасту: перенесшие COVID-19 и не перенесшие.
Методика обследования. Клинические осмотры педиатра, невролога, оториноларинголога, оценка когнитивного статуса, ольфактометрия.
Результаты. У детей и подростков, перенесших COVID-19, порог обоняния оказался выше, чем у детей, не перенесших инфекцию. Изменение порога обоняния не зависело от того, как информировали об обонянии сами участники и их родители. Вовлечение в патологический процесс обонятельной чувствительности не зависит от тяжести самой инфекции или преморбидного неврологического повреждения.
Заключение. Впервые на российской выборке показано, что еще через 3–4 нед после выздоровления от COVID-19 у детей сохраняются изменения обоняния
Impact of the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the diagnosis of heart disease in the Russian Federation: results from the Russian segment of the IAEA INCAPS COVID study
No full textЦель. Оценить влияние первой волны пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) на объемы выполнения диагностических исследований кардиологических заболеваний в Российской Федерации.
Материал и методы. В онлайн-опросе, организованном Отделом здоровья человека Международного агентства по атомной энергии (МАГАТЭ), содержащем вопросы касательно изменений в рабочем процессе диагностических лабораторий и объемов кардиологических процедур в марте-апреле 2020г, приняли участие 15 Российских медицинских центров из 5 городов.
Результаты. Уменьшение амбулаторного потока пациентов на диагностические кардиологические исследования отмечено в 80% клиник. Объем исследований в период с марта 2019г по март 2020г в целом снизился на 9,5%, с марта 2019г по апрель 2020г — на 56,5%. Уменьшение объемов выполнения стресс-электрокардиографии в апреле 2020г составило 38,4%, стресс-эхокардиографии — 72,5%, стресс-однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии — 66,9%, компьютерной томографии-ангиографии — 49,7%, магнитно-резонансной томографии — 42,7%, инвазивной коронароангиографии — 40,7%. Уменьшение объема исследований в избранных регионах (Томская, Кемеровская области, Татарстан) было не столь выраженным по сравнению с Москвой и Санкт-Петербургом (-20,7%, -75,2%, -93,8% в апреле 2020г, соответственно,
SURGERY DURING AND AFTER COVID-2019 PANDEMI
No full textВ статье на основании анализа данных литературы и работы хирургической службы Республики Башкортостан дана характеристика некоторых структурных, организационных решений для обеспечения снижения распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции в медицинских организациях, оказания медицинской помощи больным с COVID-19. В процессе подготовки к приему пациентов с COVID-19 были перепрофилированы клинические, городские, районные больницы с созданием инфекционных госпиталей почти на 2000 коек. Возникла необходимость резкого ограничения /приостановления плановой хирургической помощи, что привело к негативному отложенному результату. Примерно 9050 больным за 3 месяца плановые операции были отложены на более поздние сроки. Обсуждаются некоторые вопросы разрешения накопленных во время эпидемии проблем, после ее завершения. Приведены рекомендации по мобилизационной готовности хирургической службы к подобным чрезвычайным ситуациям, по защите медицинского персонала от инфицирования
Antitumor proteinkinase inhibitor imatinib may be regarded as a potential correcting agent for COVID-19 associated pulmonary fibrosis
No full textИматиниб мезилат – известный противоопухолевый таргетный ингибитор протеиновых тирозинкиназ, эффективный при раз-личной онкологической патологии с экспрессией Bcr / Abl, особенно при гемобластозах. На фоне пандемии коронавируса COVID-19 интерес к иматинибу возрос в связи с тем, что онкологические пациенты относятся к одной из групп риска заболевания COVID-19. Более того, определяющий применение иматиниба при онкологических заболеваниях таргетный механизм дейст-вия может быть перспективен для коррекции наиболее опасного осложнения – COVID-19-ассоциированного пневмофиброза. COVID-19-ассоциированный интерстициальный пневмофиброз возникает аутоиммунно вследствие системного воспаления с развитием атипичной (идиопатической) пневмонии под действием острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома с тирозин-киназным механизмом активации сигнальных путей и клеточного ответа. Экспериментальные и клинические данные, выявив-шие антифибротическое и дозозависимое антитромботическое действие иматиниба, свидетельствуют о целесообразности применения этого противоопухолевого препарата для коррекции COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонии – причины высокой смертности пациентов с COVID-19.
В обзоре приведены данные литературы 2001–2020 гг., посвященные патогенетическим и клиническим особенностям развития пневмофиброза, проанализированы данные об особенностях течения пневмонии COVID-19 у взрослых. Приведенная последователь-ность событий показывает, что прогрессирование процесса со снижением сатурации кислорода в периферической крови усили-вает локальное тромбообразование в легких. В результате возникает плохо управляемая гипоксия, которая в тяжелых случаях является причиной летального исхода. Воздействие на процесс развития пневмофиброза с помощью известных антифибротиче-ских и тромболитических препаратов позволяет лишь частично контролировать процесс, в том числе у онкологических пациен-тов. Ориентировочная антифибротическая доза иматиниба 400 мг / сут считается терапевтической для онкологической пато-логии. Зарегистрированный во многих странах противоопухолевый препарат не требует длительных регистрационных исследований по новому показанию, а известные побочные эффекты и противопоказания к применению позволяют быстро под-готовить его клиническую апробацию