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Current issues of labor protection of anesthesiologists and intensice care specialists under new coronavirus infection
No full textThe labor activity of anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists has undergone significant changes in 2020. Admission of a large number of patients with a new coronavirus infection was accompanied by increased workload, changes in working and rest condi-tions, as well as new risks to the life and health of medical employee. A complex of measures to support healthcare professionals was adopted in the Russian Federation. Awareness of staff about these measures is the most important factor for effective health-care system functioning under a new coronavirus infection
Cyber Security in the Era of COVID-19: Threats to Digital Platforms Stability and Cyber Hygiene Rules
No full textPurpose/objectives: the article is devoted to a study of the public life reshaped in the era of COVID-2019 that has become a developmental milestone for the modern world. The COVID-19 is called a Black Swan event that is hard predicted and rare, but has significant consequences for the world economy and other spheres of human life. The authors investigated situations of social distance, self-isolation, quarantine, as well as digital interaction platforms being developed, and their cyber resistance. Methodology: the work applied methods of regulatory analysis and assessment of the current situation of broken virus infection chain to avoid a peak in COVID-19 cases and prevent overloading the public health system affected by the pandemic; comparative and trend analysis of statistical data; content analysis methods; formalization and analogue methods; and datasets of the Institute of Scientific Communications. Results: the analysis of the implemented information interaction requires a search for a balance between the need to ensure compliance with the restriction regime introduced, human rights and freedoms, and cybersecurity in the broad sense in order to prevent unauthorized access to privacy information. Conclusions/relevance: it is necessary to disseminate the practice of cyber hygiene in Russia that should be monitored by a separate agency in the structure of the Government of the Russian Federation, similar to the Cybersecurity Agency of the European Union or the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection Agency of the United States. Its competence would include issues of cybersecurity and enforcement rights of Internet users in Russia
Immunogenic and protective properties of the recombinant human adenovirus serotype 5 expressing the glycoprotein G gene of the rabies virus vaccine strain RV-97
No full textIntroduction. Rabies is an acute infectious disease common to both humans and animals. To prevent the disease before contact with the pathogen, pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination (PrEP) of risk groups is used. The classic inactivated culture anti-rabies vaccines are used for immunization of risk groups in Russia. These vaccines are highly effective, but can cause severe adverse reactions and requires a multiple administration. Therefore, it is relevant to develop new safe rabies vaccines to achieve a protective effect with a single administration. The aim of our study was to create replication-defective recombinant human adenovirus serotype 5, that carries the gene for glycoprotein G rabies virus, and to study its protective and immunogenic properties in immunizing laboratory mice. Material and methods. Recombinant adenovirus was obtained using the kit AdEazy Adenoviral vector system (Stratagen, USA). To evaluate the protective properties and immunogenicity of Ad5-RV97 BALB/c mice were immunized once intramuscularly. The humoral immune response was studied using the fluorescent virus neutralization reaction, the T-cell response using the ELISPOT method. Results. Recombinant adenovirus Ad5-RV97 was 100 % protection against rabies viruses. Within 14 days after immunization, high level of virus-neutralizing antibodies was reported, which continue to grow up until day 42 after immunization. Significant level of splenocytes (both CD4 - and CD8 -cells) producing IFN-γ in response to antigen stimulation was detected. Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to consider Ad5-RV97 as the basis for creating a candidate rabies vaccine, which can be used to treat various risk groups. +
Economic policy of Japan in the time of pandemic
No full textIn the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic (February-September 2020), Japan succeeded in minimizing the mortality rate and reducing the damage to the economy. The Japanese experience has both positive and negative aspects. Among the G7 countries, Japan recorded the best use among the states of East Asia the worst indicators of overall and excessive mortality. From an economic perspective, the pandemic strongly affected inbound and outbound tourism, which will take years to recover. Employment opportunities in the tourism and other contact-intensive industries will be reduced by approximately one million jobs, primarily affecting part time and temporary workers. At the same time, the overall unemployment rate will hardly exceed one-third of the OECD average generally because of the ample financial support, long-term commitments among core employees in Japan, and job retention practices of domestic companies. In the macroeconomic realm, the Japanese government embarked on an extension of quantitatively easing measures of monetary expansionary steps in fiscal sphere and universal stimulus in growth-enhancing structural policies. This approach actually follows the logic of a long-standing reflationary Abenomics, which is expected to continue despite the abrupt resignation of S. Abe. At least, Japan’s newly elected Prime Minister Yo. Suga has indicated his support for current monetary and fiscal policies. He also hinted at a need to reduce the administrative red tape and to accelerate the digitalization in the economy. The package of anti-crisis measures in Japan turned out to be one of the largest in the world, and its implementation could increase the budget deficit and public debt, that is, cause the emergence of problems relevant to most other countries
The Use of the Economic Cross Method in IT Modeling of Industrial Development (Using the Example of Two-Component Nuclear Energy)
No full textThe article contains proposals for the development of modeling of the national industry using IT solutions based on the “economic cross” methodology. The reserves of the digitalization of the planning procedure are considered, taking into account the modern achievements of IT technologies and the development of the global information and communication infrastructure. The conclusions and proposals contained in the article are formulated taking into account the extrapolation of the successful experience of digitalization in leading global companies. The reserves of using the experience and best practices in the implementation of information and communication technologies that emerged from companies during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the proposals of economists - supporters economic national development. The research results contain an analysis of the possibilities for expanding the current practice of using the “economic cross” based on expanding the range of information technologies used in planning and realizing the potential of the “bid data” methodology by expanding the coverage and saturation of information flows. The theoretical proposals contained in the article are adapted to the current tasks facing the state corporation Rosatom in the framework of the implementation of the “Breakthrough” concept
Treatment adherence to drug therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic and the subsequent quarantine measures, particularly home isolation of the population, could have seriously affected the quality of pharmacotherapy and adherence to it by patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. Aim. To assess the dynamics of adherence to pharmacotherapy by patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. To accomplish the aim of the study, we selected 39 patients with SCAD who previously completed the ALIGN study, the purpose of which was to align patients' medical therapies according to current clinical guidelines. From May 05, 2020, to May 14, 2020, a telephone survey was conducted of 39 patients with SCAD (37, 94.8%) males, mean age 67.6±8.5 years). After one year of participation in the ALIGN study, 87.1% of the patients were adherent to their prescribed pharmacotherapy. Adherence (overall and to specific medications) was assessed by means of the original adherence scale, which made it possible to identify violations in taking medications (non-adherence to the intake regime or discontinued intake of medications), and the main reasons for adherence violation were established. Adherence registered during the telephone survey at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic was compared to that obtained during the last time the patient participated in the ALIGN study. Results. During the period of home isolation, a substantial decline in the adherence of patients to pharmacotherapy was revealed. The percentage of adherent patients decreased from 87% to 54% due to an increase in the number of patients who stopped taking several or all of the recommended drugs during home isolation (p=0.024). The overall rate of adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be even worse than before the start of the ALIGN study. A comparative analysis of subgroups with and without a decline in adherence revealed a trend suggesting that higher patient education (p=0.067) or previous percutaneous coronary intervention (p=0.063) can be considered a protective factor associated with fewer violations in adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of adherence to specific drugs showed that during self-isolation there was a decrease in adherence to antiplatelet drugs (p=0.047) and to statins (p=0.055). Adherence to beta-blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists remained unchanged. Conclusion. In patients with SCAD during the period of home isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic and associated difficulties in contacting the attending physician, there was a decline in adherence and an increase in the number of patients who stopped taking several or all prescribed drugs
Compliance of the expert with the self-isolation in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic as a factor of the psychological well-being
No full textIntroduction. Experts in many occupations are to carry out their occupational activities in unusual conditions. And in particular, in a remote mode, which can be a factor that reduces the level of psychological well-being of the individual if there is no compliance with the situation of self-isolation. The purpose of the study is to study the teachers' compliance with the situation of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tasks of the study include the detection of the grade of the compliance with the situation of self-isolation during the pandemic, the analysis of the level of compliance with the situation of selfisolation during the pandemic as a factor of psychological well-being of teachers. Material and methods. We surveyed 124 teachers (between 23 to 67 years). The respondents' answers are represented on three scales: Understanding the situation of self-isolation', 'Understanding of oneself in the situation of isolation, 'Understanding the characteristics of the interactions and communication in the situation of isolation'. Results. Most respondents agree with the need for self-isolation and consider it to be a practical approach to prevent the incidence of COVID-19. The most pronounced responses are the ones on improving occupational and cultural levels. Most of the respondents note a high level of understanding of the value of relationships. Discussion. In particular, the problem of insufficiently high level of self-understanding in the situation of selfisolation, along with the acknowledgement of the need to comply with it, to be revealed. In this regard, it is advisable to provide psychological assistance in the form of information support for the population. Conclusion. That the better the respondents understand the need for self-isolation, the more effective the process of communication and interaction with others is, and, consequently, the less damage is caused to the level of psychological well-being of the individual. Due to the established lack of understanding of oneself in the situation of self-isolation, the following can be considered practical areas of informational psychological support: Critical attitude to information that appears in various sources; building positive relationships within the family; managing work at home to ensure good performance; preserving the ability to return to the usual mode of life after the period of self-isolation
Productivity growth and inefficient firms’ exit from the market
No full textMany industries of the Russian economy show lower productivity at the aggregated level than in advanced countries. The low productivity level is in large part due to the widening efficiency gap between leader companies and a large group of low productive firms in individual industries. Among low productive firms, the catching-up impulse is concentrated in a small group of young and fast growing companies. In recent years, the number of such companies has not been large enough to scale down the heterogeneity of productivity. If the scarring effect of the crisis provoked by the coronavirus pandemic dominates the Russian economy and number of start-ups with growth potential decreases, this will aggravate the problem of already existing heterogeneity of productivity across firms and the lack of catching-up growth of most low productive companies. Acceleration of productivity growth requires coordinated economic policy fostering competition; improving people’s education level and labour mobility; Russian companies’ entry in foreign markets and integration in value chains; firms’ exit from the informal sector; innovation and adaptation of new technologies; access to finance, especially for SMEs
Data, principles and strategies: How do global control mechanisms on the HIV epidemic work?
No full textThe article discusses the activities of two United Nations bodies — the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) — which are engaged in developing measures to counteract the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. An important component of this activity is gathering information and producing strategic documents. Their almost unclassifiable diversity, however, can be managed by a rigorous algorithm that incorporates data collec-tion, formulation of principles and development of strategies. An analysis of materials such as “reports,” “fact sheets,” and “global strategies” reveals how the main global mechanisms work as they coordinate the efforts of national governments and attempt to control the epidemic globally; analysis also indicates what kind of language is used and what goals are set. In 2020 the ambitious goal of eliminating the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030 that is declared in WHO and UNAIDS documents unexpectedly became problematic once more due to the spread of another global epidemic — COVID-19. The publication of new materials on how to continue the fight against HIV/AIDS in the context of the coronavirus pandemic suggests that WHO and UNAIDS are already losing faith in the effectiveness of the measures so far developed in order to eliminate HIV/AIDS. The ongoing crisis caused by the COVID pandemic has also revealed a new trend by converting these UN bodies mostly into tools for producing global information while making other aspects of their activities less visible
Distance Learning During the Corona-Lockdown: Some Psychological and Pedagogical Aspects
No full textThe study analyses distance learning experiences in enforced isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to summarize and analyze factors that, to a certain extent, influenced the effectiveness of distance learning for educators. In addition to the individual psychological characteristics of respondents, the study used an author’s questionnaire aimed at collecting information on the teaching characteristics in coronavirus. A valid sample of lecturers from Moscow and St. Petersburg leading universities took part in the research. Profiles were compiled in four age groups: novice teachers - 20–30 years old; experienced teachers - 30–40 years old, professionals - 40–50 years old and teachers before the retirement age - over 50. The data were analyzed through mathematical and statistical methods and SPSS 25. Significant links were identified between professional burnout constructs, distance-learning factors in COVID-19 conditions, procrastination and age. Factors that had a significant impact on distance learning were technical communication problems, the unexpected complete transition to distance learning, lack of live communication and the dramatically increased time teachers had to spend at the computer. Two age groups were the most exposed to professional burnout: teachers between the ages of 40 and 50 and over 50