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ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF MEASURES TAKEN AT THE FEDERAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT FOR THE EXIT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY FROM THE PANDEMIC
No full textThe COVID-19 epidemic has become a serious challenge for the economies of all countries of the world. The consequences of the fight against the spread of the virus have led to serious complications in the Russian economy. This article analyses the measures taken by the federal and regional governments aimed at curbing the spread of the pandemic, as well as supporting the economy of Russia and its subjects. The paper presents foreign experience on the measures taken and a comparative analysis between the countries. In addition, the authors study the influence of government decisions and their effectiveness on the basis of scientific articles, estimates and statistics published in the mass media, forecasts of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, reports of the Federal State Statistic Service.
ОПЫТ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН ПО ВЫХОДУ ИЗ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО КРИЗИСА В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ
No full textThe COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, rapidly spreading across countries, is becoming a global phenomenon, having a strong impact on the human existence of specific countries and the entire world community. The study of the tools and specifics of the actions of various states to overcome the coronavirus and reduce its economic results allows us to identify common and specific difficulties for all countries, to assess forecasts for overcoming the crisis. Relevance of the research topic. The author considers the world experience of business development in the conditions of recovery from the economic crisis. Subject of research: anti-crisis measures, state instruments used in countries with different levels of development. Object of research: foreign and domestic experience of individual states in overcoming the crisis caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus infection. The purpose of the study. Identification of the features of the current global crisis caused by the pandemic, consideration of anti-crisis measures taken by the governments of individual states to overcome the crisis. The method or methodology of the work: general scientific, description, method of expert assessments, etc. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the review of the directions of measures-support for business, the population and the need to concentrate the efforts of state governments to support entrepreneurship for the rapid recovery of countries from the crisis. Results: the article establishes the patterns of the global economy’s recovery from the crisis caused by the epidemic on the example of groups of countries. The difference between the crisis caused by the pandemic and the previous ones, which occurs mainly in the areas of production and consumption, is established. Scope of application of the results: the results obtained should be used in the development of strategies and tactics for states ‘ recovery from the global crisis. The conclusions are formulated that the COVID-19 pandemic is developing into a large-scale economic crisis and can lead to significant changes in the modern world economy
Всероссийский филармонический сезон: весеннее открытие в краевой филармонии
No full textв статье дана оценка художественных впечатлений профессионального музыканта, посещающего филармонические концерты, возобновившихся в рамках юбилейного сезона после прививочной компанией среди местного населения в период ослабления заразной болезни, державшей всех людей в страхе и в нервозном напряжении
Creation of Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention of Moscow as a structure for population-level prevention in metropolis
No full textIntroduction. Since 2011, Moscow has been implementing a three-level model for prevention of noncommunicable diseases. At the first (population) level, as part of interagency interaction, health authorities are developing measures to promote population's commitment to a healthy lifestyle. Aims. To provide rationale for management decision on creation of the Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention of Moscow in State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department”. The goal of the Center is to develop new urban policy in improving public health based on interdepartmental interaction by providing scientific, methodological and organizational support to promote population’s commitment to a healthy lifestyle. Materials and methods. Authors analyzed and assessed development issues of primary prevention at the population level using open data on the Internet, statistical databases of Rosstat and Mosgorstat. Content, statistical and documentary analyses were also used. Results. Currently, Moscow puts an emphasis on prevention, and for this purpose implemented a three-tier model for prevention of non-communicable diseases. At the population level, as part of interdepartmental interaction, it is required to develop measures aimed at improving healthcare, creating a health-preserving environment in the city, and forming a commitment to a healthy lifestyle among the population. Implementation gaps to a decree have been narrowed; and health authorities have created an institution that works towards the goal of strengthening public health in Moscow, covering the entire population of Moscow, and that interacts in the interests of healthcare with government bodies, departments, media and civil society. The current situation, including challenges due to COVID-19 pandemic, required wider participation of authorities and departments, leadership of administrative districts in strengthening public health, coordination and monitoring of all business processes to improve public health. Conclusion. It has been substantiated that public participation in preventive measures is not enough. To solve the issues one should develop and implement large-scale programs and projects to improve public health with more active involvement of authorities and departments of administrative districts, consultative and methodological support, taking into account the existing territorial characteristics of administrative and municipal districts of Moscow, including improving health quality of workers
Comparative assessment of the influence of a technological factor on economic growth
No full textThe study focuses on the extent to which the technological factor affects economic growth and analyzes its role in enhancing socio-economic differentiation. We develop a methodology for ranking countries according to the level of their technological effectiveness using the specific index. Correlation and regression analysis is used to identify technological factors in economic development. Approbation of the approach took place on the example of the United States and China. The data obtained demonstrate that the increase in R&D costs and the export of high-tech products has a positive effect on economic growth. R&D spending provides 31.6 % to 41.9 % of GDP growth for the United States and China, respectively. Exports of high-tech products support GDP growth at the level of 2.7 % to 4.7 %. The research findings confirm that the technological factor encourages economic development through more efficient allocation of resources, the spread of innovations and the growth of high-tech exports. Regression models have proved this relationship. China ranks first in the index of technological effectiveness and is followed by the United States and Japan. Such countries as Kazakhstan, Brazil and Ukraine are lagging significantly behind some technologically advanced European nations (Romania, Poland, Bulgaria), as well as Turkey and Mexico. Analysis of data from a sample of 30 countries showed that technological differentiation is a direct cause of overall inequality. To bridge this technological gap, it is expedient to develop the existing technological potential in a consistent manner, while concentrating efforts on high-tech sectors capable of strengthening the foundation of the econom
The Development of Market Infrastructure in Today’s Russia
No full textThe article deals with specific features of market infrastructure development inRussiafor the last five years, including credit and insurance organizations, investment and non-governmental pension funds and retail trade. Market infrastructure formed inRussiain general can provide civilized servicing of market relations, however, the level of development of intermediate institutions is different. The operation of finance and trade intermediaries in today’sRussiais affected both by negative and positive internal and external factors. The most serious impact in the current situation is exerted by COVID-19 pandemic and the slump in global economy caused by it. Intensification of pro-inflation factors forms certain threats for the development of Russian finance market, therefore, it is important to take timely steps aimed at cutting overdue debts of the population and preventing the mortgage bubble forming. The article shows new trends in the development of market infrastructure institutions. By analyzing dynamics of their development it became clear that spreading of corona-virus infection deteriorated figures of their operation, however the accumulated previously safety factor gave them an opportunity to restore their market share and possibilities for further growth. Steps taken by the Bank of Russia and the Government of theRussian Federationaimed at overcoming the adverse consequences of the pandemic and shaping civilized relations on finance and commodity markets provide positive results. It is necessary to strengthen incentives for promising lines in the market infrastructure development, including introduction of digital technologies, extension of on-line trade, which could give certain advantages in the process of economy restoration. Findings of the research can be used by bodies of state power in the process of working-out strategy of developing institutions of market infrastructure and upgrading regulatory tools
Social Policy for Older People in the Post-Soviet Space: How Do Pension Systems and Social Services Influence Social Exclusion?
No full textThis chapter considers pension protection and social services in the post-Soviet space as forms of social policy that can protect older people from risks of social exclusion. We draw on the example of two countries, Russia and Ukraine, which share a common Soviet background. Until relatively recently, both countries held a similar position with regard to the pension protection and social security of old people. However, recent reforms in the area of pensions and social services have generated various possible ways for the development of both countries. In Ukraine, pension reform took place in 2017, and can be described as “softer” in comparison with the Russian version. Ukrainian reform does not involve raising the retirement age, but rather increases the length of service required to retire. Pension reform in Russia has been taking place before our eyes, in 2018–2019. It assumes a sharp rise in the retirement ages for men and women. In addition to addressing pension reform, the chapter considers in more detail social services for older people in Russia and Ukraine. In broad terms, the chapter seeks to answer the following question: How do modern pension reforms and the structure of social services in the post-Soviet space (for example, Russia and Ukraine) affect the social exclusion of older people
Data Literacy as a meta-skill: options for Data Science curriculum implementation
No full textData science is affecting an increasingly wide area of everyday life but general education in Russia has not yet reacted to the new challenges associated with this aspect of digitalization. The changes in technologies, the economy, and society over the last two decades have formed a new agenda for teaching mathematics and information technologies, as well as media education and social sciences. Education in all these fields requires a reconsideration of the content and methods of teaching due to the increasing importance of data science and artificial intelligence in the context of fundamental changes in the economy and the labor market. As many areas of human life are changing, there is a need to formulate new types and kinds of educational results, at which modern pedagogy should be aimed. A modern way of meeting such challenges is to distinguish new literacies (media literacy, environmental literacy, functional literacy, etc.). The article deals with the concept of data literacy, examines its content and composition, and substantiates its relevance as an educational result consistent with digitalization trends that one can observe in modern society. A distinction is made between approaches to in-depth and general studies of data science. A description is given of various types of tasks aimed at developing data literacy among students in the context of their setting on different educational material. The authors consider possible ways of deploying programs aimed at mastering data science by students without the need to formalize it into a separate discipline or school subject
COVID-19 некоторые особенности в Сибири
No full textГеографически определяемая территория Сибири составляет около 13 100 000 кв. км. больше по площади чем территории США, Китая, Канады, Бразилии, Австралии и Индии, но в нем всего проживает по состоянию на 1 января 2021 г. 31 140 697 человек [1]. Благодаря своему суровому климату развитие многих заболеваний, в том числе и инфекционных, на этой территории имеют свои особенности
Correlation of Objective Endpoints and Subjective Patient-Reported Outcomes in NAFLD Treatment with Essential Phospholipids: Real-World Data Based on Pooled Analysis of Observational Studies
No full textBackgroundWhile no “gold-standard” pharmacotherapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is yet established, essential phospholipids (EPLs) are reported to decrease steatosis and improve laboratory parameters.ObjectiveThis analysis evaluated adherence and satisfaction with EPL treatment as patient-reported outcomes and their relationship with changes in laboratory and ultrasound parameters among Russian patients with NAFLD.MethodsData were pooled from three observational Russian studies—MANPOWER (2015–2016), LIDER 1 (2012–2013), and LIDER 2 (2013)—in which EPLs were used for at least 12 weeks in the treatment of liver diseases and which measured both subjective and objective endpoints. Only patients who had NAFLD were included in this analysis. The main endpoints were to determine treatment adherence and satisfaction with 12 weeks of EPL therapy, relationship between adherence/satisfaction and changes in the laboratory and ultrasound parameters. A secondary subgroup analysis was performed to identify patients with NAFLD who responded better (or worse) to 24 weeks of adjunctive EPL treatment.ResultsOverall, 3384 patients were included. A total of 82.2% of patients were adherent to 12 weeks of EPL treatment; high/very high satisfaction was reported by 15.3%/65.9% of clinicians and 15.9%/64.4% of patients. There was positive correlation between patients’ adherence and satisfaction and significant improvement in laboratory (transaminases, lipid profile; p