International Journal of Innovation in Management, Economics and Social Sciences
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Critical Analysis of Research Methods and Misperceptions of Statistical Analysis
Get PDFPurpose: This study aims to critically analyze research methods and explore the misperceptions surrounding statistical analysis. The importance of methodology cannot be overemphasized in any research. It is the heart of a study, enhances the reproducibility of a study, and is the bedrock on which the research findings can be generalizable.
Methodology: The literature review form method was used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research methods, including their differences and applications.
Findings: Research designs, including case studies, grounded theory, ethnographies, phenomenologies, and narratives, are used in the qualitative method to comprehend relationships and behaviors. Because the quantitative research method is rooted in scientific discovery, it has become the standard in the research community. Different viewpoints exist about the required sample size, the statistical model employed for data evaluation, and the nature of the data. For this study, statistical misperceptions are categorized under descriptive statistics, design techniques, inferential statistics, and regression. A thorough explanation of statistical misperceptions under these three categories is believed to be sufficient to cover fundamental areas of statistical analysis. Certain conceptual and statistical presumptions must be satisfied for any statistical approach's findings to be considered plausible. Having a sound knowledge of fundamental areas for statistical data analysis will enhance a more plausible result in research.
Originality/value: The quantitative research method entails more rigorous statistical tests than the qualitative research method. Using both research methods is referred to as a mixed research method. The biases in qualitative and quantitative methods can be surmounted by using mixed methods
Social Protection Instruments and Strategies in Southern Africa
Get PDFPurpose: This article aims to investigate social protection knowledge and strategies and their implementation in selected countries in Southern Africa, namely Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Eswatini, Zambia, and South Africa. The article is part of ongoing policy and practical debates on development and poverty reduction in Africa.
Methodology: The article employs a conceptual research approach to identify the social protection strategies in seven Southern African countries that were chosen purposefully due to the nature and depth of the programs. Conceptual research was underpinned by a review of primary and secondary literature available in both academic and grey formats accessed from the Google Scholar database.
Findings: The article shows elderly grants, child grants, and disability grants were the most common in the selected countries. It was also found that governments believed that social protection strategies could help reduce poverty and vulnerability. However, except for South Africa, these countries did not have permanent strategies to implement and sustain social protection.
Originality/Value: The article highlights how institutions can be strengthened to reinforce social protection systems and ensure sustainability. The article, thus, showcases practical conduits through which the social protection systems in the selected countries can be strengthened
The impacts of the shortage of medicines on service delivery in the healthcare system (a case study of Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone-Botswana)
Get PDFPurpose: The prevalent shortage of medicines results in pressure on healthcare providers to substitute unavailable medicines with alternatives. This compromises the best healthcare and greatly negatively impacts the patient’s treatment outcomes. Furthermore, this increases morbidity and mortality rates. However, there was a dire need to investigate the impacts of supply and demand challenges of medicines on service delivery, specifically at Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana’s largest hospital.
Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative method facilitated by a closed-ended questionnaire at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana.
Findings: The four impacts of the supply and demand challenges of medicines on service delivery identified are ineffective treatment leading to negative clinical outcomes, lack of service leading to humanistic outcomes, lack of available therapy options leading to unstandardized service, and expensive medicines leading to inaccessibility of services. These impacts have significant implications that pose a health risk to the population, community, and patient well-being. Therefore, this study represents a positive stride towards mitigating the impacts by highlighting the risks posed by medicines' supply and demand challenges. The findings of this study provide a wider overview of the consequences of the shortages of medicines, promote improvements in service delivery and positive treatment outcomes, and influence policy development informed by research.
Originality/Value: Shortages of medicines in both public and private sectors in Botswana have not been adequately studied despite their negative impacts on the patient’s treatment outcomes and service delivery. The impacts of the shortages of medicines at Princess Marina Hospital are identified in this paper
The Roles of Campus Protection Services for Students’Safety: A Case of a Higher Education Institution in South Africa
Get PDFPurpose: Students’ safety and security problem have been reported as a regular problem across institutions of higher learning in South Africa. This paper departs from regularly reported cases of theft in student belongings in a South African university. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles and involvement of the Campus Protection Services (CPS) in ensuring students’ safety in an identified institution of learning.Methodology: The paper report findings obtained through the mixed methods approach which used questionnaires – with 265 cases returned and analyzed with document analysis to support the quantitative results.Findings: The main findings reveal in descending order, that the main forms of campus crimes are theft, mugging, damage to property, robbery, assault, and stalking. Ascribed reasons to these crimes were administrative shortfalls, broken equipment, frequent substance abuse and students’ negligence and lifestyle. This paper recommends that campus management and security departments reach a holistic solution that brings together all stakeholder of the learning environment, thus establishing baseline policies for keeping students and their belongings safe in a typical learning environment.Originality/Value: This research assesses The Roles of Campus Protection Services for Students ‘Safety in South Africa
Development of a framework for the growth of technological entrepreneurship in FMCG companies
Get PDFTechnological entrepreneurship is an underlying and fundamental approach that enables the transformation of a creative idea into an entrepreneurial opportunity. The entrepreneur needs tools to be able to transform his ideas into operational innovation for hunting environmental opportunities. The growth of information and communication technology, as well as the wideness and ubiquity of the Internet, have provided these people with the right opportunity and tools. Entrepreneurial dreams can be turned into reality by using information technology facilities. According to the development of knowledge-based economies and the importance of using new technologies in economic growth, the field of technological entrepreneurship is expanding every day and includes wider dimensions. Technological entrepreneurship plays an important role in the process of creating a regional economy and sustainable development in the country. The need for technological entrepreneurship is because technology-based industries are rapidly expanding and replacing traditional industries. In this regard, the present research aims to identify the factors affecting the development of technological entrepreneurship capabilities in FMCG companies in order to develop and grow the culture of technological entrepreneurship. In this research, a conceptual framework is presented for the development of technological entrepreneurship, which can be a valuable guide for improving processes in knowledge-based organizations
The Fight Against Boko Haram Uprising and Effect on National Security: Implications for Socioeconomic Development
Get PDFPurpose: Boko Haram (BH) originated around 2002 as a local Islamic movement primarily for preaching and charity to locals in Maiduguri, Borno State. Their operations were altered in 2009 following a crackdown on its adherents by the Nigerian government, as a result of which spiritual and political head Muhammad Yusuf was assassinated. More than 38,000 individuals were killed by the Boko Haram conflict between 2009 and 2023. This study aims to assess the dangers posed by the BH uprisings on Nigeria’s security, which is affecting other socioeconomic dynamics, to suggest potential solutions to the uprising in Nigeria.
Methodology: This study used a qualitative research approach. A structured questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Nigerian security personnel make up the study’s target group. The participants were contacted based on convenience sampling. Data analysis was achieved using theme analysis.
Findings: The BH has increased its attacks against security forces and their formations, key government and private institutions, schools, worship centers (such as Churches and Mosques), and the general public, which includes girl-children and mothers. Their menace is eroding Nigeria’s existence as a single sovereign political territory. The survey indicated that poverty and religious misunderstanding were the main reasons for establishing Boko Haram. It was suggested that the Nigerian government should address the cause by reducing poverty, creating jobs, and strengthening security operations.
Originality/value: Poverty and religious misunderstanding were the main reasons for establishing Boko Haram. Cities, towns, villages, and human settlements in northeast Nigeria are not safe, not inclusive, not resilient, and a challenge to sustainability
Financial Literacy, Economics Factors and Investing Decisions: A Study of Individual Investors in Iran
Get PDFPurpose: This study sought to investigate the relationship between financial literacy and investment decisions in the Iranian stock exchange and investigated the financial literacy of investors in the Iranian stock market.
Methodology: To attain the purposes of the study, an inquiry was created containing two components related to investment decisions, including financial literacy and economic factors. The inquiry was delivered to a sample of 85 people. Descriptive data were used to expound on study samples in the way that frequency, mean, and standard deviation. In addition, of highest quality-sample t-test and a natural linear regression reasoning were used to test the study theory at a consequence level of 0.05.
Findings: The main findings of this study include (I) the impact of financial knowledge and literacy on investment decisions and (II) the impact of economic factors on investment decisions. The focus was on investment and savings-related decisions and preferences.
Originality/Value: Banks, financial institutions, and investors can benefit from understanding the impact of financial literacy, behavioral, and individual factors, thus inviting investors to other financial options. The study provided many recommendations, the most important of which, is by communicating financial factors and knowledge of finance to financial literacy, allowing decision-makers to anticipate economic events and plan for the future
The effect of green leaders' Emotional Intelligence on the behavior of employees in organizations with the mediating role of environmental concerns and sustainable organizational culture.
Get PDFThis paper examines the relationship between the emotional intelligence of green transformational leadership and the organizational behavior of employees. Since previous studies that green motivations affect green creativity have not been conducted, this study aims to fill this research gap and considers the following. For this purpose, in this research, an analysis-based survey approach has been used to gain insight. In order to investigate, experts active in fast-moving industries in Iran have been used. The Partial Least Squares regression method (based on variance) has been used in this research. For this purpose, 120 experts were surveyed and the survey results were evaluated and analyzed. The findings showed that green transformational leadership has a significant effect on Green behavior with the mediating role of green organizational culture, and this is needed for employees to produce clean and green products and services. Therefore, leaders in organizations should increase the green motivation of employees so that they can innovate in the production of sustainable products and services that are compatible with the environment and sustainability
PERSISTENT ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF COLONIAL INSTITUTIONS AND EDUCATION OUTCOMES IN SOUTH AFRICA
Get PDFPurpose: South Africa’s educational system made significant advances in financing and improving access to basic schooling since the end of apartheid in 1994. Despite these developments, the Eastern Cape province in general, and the Transkei region specifically, has experienced falling enrolment over the past two decades as thousands of students drop out of school each year. This paper investigates the long-term economic effects of colonial institutions - the Transkei Districts Councils - on primary school enrolment in Eastern Cape Transkeian magisterial districts.
Methodology: This paper investigates the long-term economic effects of colonial institutions, using a fixed effects regression methodology on a panel dataset for the years 2000 to 2013.
Findings: The results show a larger disenrollment trend in districts that received District Council status over a century ago, than those that did not, showing the persistent effect of these political institutions.
Originality/Value: The results imply that disenrollment experienced in the Eastern Cape province is rooted in history. This highlights the importance of economic history in analyzing present day development outcomes
Investigating the impact of empowerment on entrepreneurship with emphasis on social innovation in informal settlements in Tabriz
Get PDFPurpose: The current research aims to investigate the impact of empowerment on entrepreneurship with an emphasis on social innovation in informal settlements.
Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The primary tool for collecting information is interview and questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is the Khalilabad neighborhood of Tabriz city. Thus, in the exploratory interview phase, ten experts in the field of entrepreneurship and human resources were used to design the conceptual model and to analyze the statistical model from among the statistical population (the number of active population of 10 years and older in Khalilabad neighborhood) 352 people were used according to Cochran's calculation formula. In order to analyze the findings of the research, structural equations technique, partial least squares approach has been used.
Findings: Based on the information analysis findings, empowerment's impact on social innovation is positive and significant, with a path coefficient of 0.962. The effect of empowerment on entrepreneurship with a path coefficient of 0.251 and the effect of social innovation on entrepreneurship with a path coefficient of 0.166 is positive and significant. Also, the results show that economic factors (path coefficient 0.449), technical (path coefficient 0.116), socio-cultural (path coefficient 0.156), and managerial factors (path coefficient 0.10) also have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship.
Originality/Value: an informal settlement is a housing that does not comply with legal and regulatory frameworks and is established in cities, which can be informal at several levels