23671 research outputs found
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Impact of upper extremity usage during balance assessments with SWAY app
No full textPresented to the 21st Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects (GRASP) held at the Rhatigan Student Center, Wichita State University, April 11, 2025.Research completed in the Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions.INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of neurological disease requires balance and functional assessment. The SWAY™ app provides appropriate assessments for adults with neurological diagnoses that can be performed in a variety of settings. In progressive neurological disorders such as ALS, individuals may lose use of one or both upper extremities. There was a gap in research regarding the impact of upper extremity use during balance assessment and functional task performance when lower body strength and mobility are intact.
PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the impact of balance assessment and functional task performance measured with the SWAY™ app with and without the use of upper extremities.
METHODS: The study utilized the SWAY™ app and a chest strap harness to securely mount the phone to the participant's body and Medipore tape. A convenience sample recruited 43 participants. Participants completed a series of balance tests (mBESS, mCTSIB, CDC 4-Stage Balance) and a functional test (CDC 30 Second Chair Stand) with the SWAY™ app, while arms were constrained and with full arm use.
RESULTS: Intellectus software provided a two-tailed paired-t test which revealed balance and functional test means were not significant. The median balance and functional test scores were significant. Linear regression was significant for CDC 4-Stage mean being predicted by sex, height, sit to stand, and mCTSIB. One extra sit to stand will predict an increase in the value of the CDC score by 0.4 units. Females performed significantly better on the 4-stage than males.
CONCLUSION: This study found that upper extremity use has an impact on balance and functional task performance. Individuals who have limited use of their hands are at risk for balance and functional task impairments across the adult lifespan. The chest strap is valid for SWAY™ app use in individuals with limited or no hand function. The findings will assist physical therapists with developing an appropriate plan of care for patients that lose upper extremity function due to neurological diagnoses.Graduate School, Academic Affairs, University Librarie
Muscle-specific neuromuscular responses during running with blood flow restriction
No full textClick on the DOI link to access this article at the publishers website (may not be free).The purpose of this investigation was to examine muscle excitation at maximal running capacity without blood flow restriction (BFR) relative to submaximal running bouts with BFR. Fourteen college-Aged males randomly completed four, three-minute running bouts at 70, 80, and 90% of peak speed with BFR (70% BFR, 80% BFR, and 90% BFR) and without BFR at 100% of their peak speed (100% NOBFR). The surface electromyographic amplitudes of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis muscles were assessed. Muscle excitation of the vastus lateralis was similar across most bouts; however, it was lower during the 70% BFR compared to 90% BFR (Meandiff =-4.67±-0.22%; Bayesian 95% high-density interval [HDI]:-7.07 to-2.2) and 100% NOBFR (Meandiff =-2.94±-0.27%; 95% HDI:-5.33 to-0.50) bouts. For the rectus femoris, muscle excitation largely increased across running speeds (70% BFR <80% BFR < 90% BFR; 90% BFR < 100% NOBFR). For the vastus medialis, muscle excitation was lower during the 70% BFR compared to 90% BFR (Meandiff =-8.15±-0.28%; 95% HDI:-15.3 to-0.89). Submaximal running with BFR increased muscle excitation responses for the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, such that muscle excitation was similar to 100% BFR, despite 10-20% reductions in running speed. The rectus femoris muscle, however, was not affected by BFR during the submaximal running bouts. © 2024. Thieme
Preliminary analysis of the ceramic assemblage from Etzanoa (14CO3)
No full textPresented to the 21st Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects (GRASP) held at the Rhatigan Student Center, Wichita State University, April 11, 2025.Research completed in the Department of Anthropology, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts & Sciences.This study explores the ceramic assemblage recovered during the 2017-2019 field seasons conducted by Wichita State University at Etzanoa (14CO3), an ancestral Wichita site in south-central Kansas at the confluence of the Walnut and Arkansas rivers. The site is characterized by a diverse and regionally distinct archaeological assemblage within the Lower Walnut Focus, a component of the Great Bend aspect. This research analyzes the ceramic collection based on temper, decoration, and unit collection density to assess potential temporal associations. The primary goal of this study was to analyze the ceramic collection for temporal associations. Findings indicate that temper type serves as a key indicator of material culture, providing crucial insight into technological choices and resource availability. Therefore, future research will further employ temper, composition, and decor analysis to refine our understanding of raw material use; as well as potential trade and exchange networks that may have connected ancestral Wichita populations with neighboring groups.Graduate School, Academic Affairs, University Librarie
Luna AI navigation system for NASA Spacesuit User Interface Technologies for Students (SUITS) challenge
No full textPresented to the 21st Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects (GRASP) held at the Rhatigan Student Center, Wichita State University, April 11, 2025.Research completed in the Department of Human Performance Studies, College of Applied Studies; the College of Innovation and Design; the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering; the School of Digital Arts, College of Fine Arts; the School of Art, Design and Creative Industries, College of Fine Arts; the Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering; and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering.Wichita State's CosmoShox team is an interdisciplinary group of undergraduate and graduate students working together on the NASA SUITS (Spacesuit User Interface Technologies for Students) design challenge. A major goal of the challenge is tasking schools to work together to ensure design interoperability since many of NASA's Artemis missions involve international collaboration. For 2025, the Wichita State CosmoShox team has been paired with the Columbia University Lunar Lions. The Lunar Lions are working on a spacesuit augmented reality display while the CosmoShox are designing the user interface and the Lunar User Navigation and tasking Assistant (LUNA) AI for a virtual pressurized rover. LUNA serves as the central processing unit, managing telemetry data, best path navigation, consumable resources, and updates shown in the user interface (UI) for the virtual pressurized rover (PR). The CosmoShox team has decided to work in Unreal Engine 5.5 since NASA's Digital Lunar Exploration Sites Unreal Simulation Tool (DUST) also uses Unreal Engine. As part of the design challenge, we are evaluating different UI configurations to test the usability and AI performance of LUNA which includes incorporating certain fonts and colors to enhance readability. A series of IRB-approved Human-In-The-Loop tests will coincide with our two-week design sprints as we develop LUNA and our User Interface in Unreal Engine. The evaluator pool is open to male and female participants, aged 20-40, who are currently physically active to best replicate the physical state of astronauts using the software. Feedback from design evaluators will be implemented in design sprints to ensure optimum usability. Open XR Lab faculty oversees XR development and evaluates psychological safety and performance outcomes linked to Agile product management processes. The CID design champions a holistic approach that builds professional skills for the student cohort.Graduate School, Academic Affairs, University Librarie
Dissociation of subjective and objective measures of trust in vehicle automation: A driving simulator study
No full textClick on the DOI link to access this article at the publishers website (may not be free).Trust is a crucial factor that influences human-automation interaction in surface transportation. Previous research indicates that participants tend to display higher levels of subjective trust toward lower-level automated systems compared to high-level automated systems. However, administering subjective trust measures via questionnaires can interfere with primary task performance, limiting researchers' ability to measure trust continuously in a real-world manner. The current study investigated whether objective and subjective measures of trust exhibit similar patterns across different levels of automation in a simulated driving environment. Twenty-five drivers using an automated driving system (ADS) were randomly assigned to either an active (L2) or passive (L3) automated driving condition. Participants experienced eight near-miss driving scenarios with or without obstructions in a distributed driving simulator and rated their subjective trust before and after navigating the scenarios. Additionally, we coded hand positions from recorded video footage of the participants' in-vehicle behavior. Hand placements were coded on a predefined five-point system near the time of the simulated connected vehicle technology's collision alert. Results showed that drivers progressively lost trust in the automated system as they approached and passed the projected collision point in each scenario. Furthermore, drivers in the active condition displayed lower levels of trust than those in the passive condition. This finding contrasts with previous research suggesting that subjective trust ratings are comparable between Level 2 and Level 3 vehicle automation groups. These findings highlight a dissociation between subjective and behavioral measures of trust, suggesting that self-report methods may overlook important aspects of drivers' trust that can be captured through behavioral measures.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This study is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1949760 (PI: Yamani) and by Batten College of Engineering and Technology at Old Dominion University under Multidisciplinary Research Seed Grant (PI: Xie)
Effect of shape of a heated region on the physics of Mach 2 flow over a hemisphere cylinder
No full text1st place award winner in oral presentations at the 21st Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects (GRASP) held at the Rhatigan Student Center, Wichita State University, April 11, 2025.Research completed in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering.Studies have shown that the addition of a heated region to high speed flow can help mitigate adverse aerodynamic effects, such as localized pressure peaks and heating loads, which are characteristic of high speed vehicles. This is often achieved through changes in flow physics, usually in the form of changes to aerodynamic forces and moments including drag, lift, and pitching moment. While previous research has looked into the influences of different energy deposition methods, as well as the effects of the deposition location and amount of energy, relatively little work has focused on how the shape of the heated region impacts flow physics.
This study looks into how heated region shape affects flow physics. Three different shapes have been used, a spherical heated region, a cylindrical heated region, and a truncated cone heated region in two orientations (the smaller diameter upstream is one orientation, the second orientation has the larger diameter upstream). The simulations are performed using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software, GASPex. A steady state solution without energy deposition was run to convergence. Once a converged steady state solution was obtained, energy was added to the steady state solution, and the simulation was continued as unsteady.
Results showed that altering the heated region shape alters the interaction that occurs between the blast wave and bow shock. This, in turn, affects shock structure formation and vortex formation processes, resulting in different drag reductions being obtained for the different shapes used. The instantaneous contour plots for the spherical and cylindrical heated regions are shown in Fig.1. The changes are shown by the arrows. The effect on drag is shown in Fig.2. This study helps provide insights into how different heated region shapes affect flow physics around high speed vehicles, and how the shape of a heated region could be used to manipulate aerodynamic forces for flow control.Graduate School, Academic Affairs, University Librarie
The role of mother-daughter relationships in shaping femininity among Indian immigrant women
No full textClick on the DOI link to access this article at the publishers website (may not be free).Indian immigrant women navigate gender at the intersections of multiple cultures and through people in their family and community, especially mothers. Despite growing research about South Asian immigrant communities in the US, there remains a significant gap in the literature regarding the role mother-daughter relationships play in coshaping Indian immigrant women's ideas about femininity. Using narratives of nine mother-daughter dyads, this paper examines the intergenerational processes through which Indian immigrant mothers and daughters shape each other's understanding and performances of femininity. Participants' dyadic narratives were analyzed using thematic narrative analysis. Two overarching themes were identified to illustrate the processes of interest: (a) mutual empowered consciousness and (b) the carrying on of cultural values and traditions. This intergenerational investigation of femininity documents the bidirectional and positive role of mother-daughter relationships in the continuous negotiation of feminine identity among Indian immigrant women in the US. This study's findings carry implications that can inform psychotherapy and relationship-building activities among Indian diaspora families
Determinants and drivers of large negative book-tax differences: Evidence from S&P 500
No full textThis is an open access article under the CC BY license.Temporary book-tax differences (BTDs) serve as critical proxies for understanding corporate earnings management and tax planning. However, the drivers of large negative BTDs (LNBTDs)—where book income falls below taxable income—remain underexplored. This study investigates the determinants and components of LNBTDs, focusing on their relationship with deferred tax assets (DTAs) and liabilities (DTLs). Utilizing hand-collected data from the tax disclosures of S&P 500 firms’ 10-K filings (2007–2023), I analyze 4685 firm-year observations to identify specific accounting items driving LNBTDs. Findings reveal that deferred revenue, goodwill impairments, R&D, CapEx, environmental obligations, pensions, contingency liabilities, leases, and receivables are significant contributors, often generating substantial DTAs due to timing mismatches between book and tax recognition. Notably, high-tech industries, like the pharmaceutical, medical, and computers and software industries, exhibit pronounced LNBTDs, driven by upfront revenue recognition for tax purposes and deferred recognition for financial reporting, capitalization, amortization and depreciation effects, and other deferred tax components. Regression analyses confirm strong associations between these components and LNBTDs, with asymmetry in reversal patterns suggesting that initial differences do not always offset symmetrically over time. While prior research emphasizes large positive BTDs and tax avoidance, this study highlights economic and industry-specific characteristics as key LNBTD drivers, with limited evidence of earnings manipulation via deferred taxes. These insights enhance the value relevance of deferred tax disclosures and offer implications for reporting standards, tax policy, and research into BTD dynamics. © 2025 by the author
Assessing usage of Spanish among non-first generation heritage speakers
No full textPresented to the 24th Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity Forum (URCAF) held in Woolsey Hall, Wichita State University, April 25, 2025.Despite having no official language, the United States' de facto primary language is English, which often leads to communities often experiencing language transfer. One of these communities that experiences this is descendants of first-generation immigrants, who often eschew the language of their ancestors in favor of English. To determine the extent of this phenomenon, a Qualtrics survey that asks them when, where, and how often they use Spanish in their day-to-day life, as well as answering questions on what language they feel most comfortable with using, what language they consider to be their "first," and what level of proficiency they believe their Spanish to be at, was given to a pool of subjects that consisted of WSU students bilingual in both Spanish and English that were not first-generation immigrants, but still heritage speakers of Spanish. The results are currently being collected and analyzed to determine the level of language shift occurring in the analyzed pool of subjects, with the results expected to be a series of sliding scales that will determine how comfortable the heritage speakers are in Spanish
