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Denying, disengaging and substance (ab)use: predictors of negative emotions during the covid-19 pandemic
Get PDFUvod: Tokom perioda produžene krize javnog zdravlja doživljavamo različita negativna osećanja i primenjujemo široki spektar adaptivnih i maladaptivnih strategija prevladavanja. Najčešće manifestacije maladaptivnog prevladavanja su poricanje, povlačenje i zloupotreba supstanci sa ciljem redukovanja stresa. Od posebnog značaja je ispitivanje reakcija i maladaptivnih strategija kod studentkinja specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije, s obzirom na to da se radi o budućim pružaocima profesionalne podrške osetljivim grupama.
Cilj: Cilj aktuelne studije je istraživanje prediktivne uloge maladaptivnih strategija prevladavanja u doživljavanju različitih negativnih emocija tokom pandemije COVID-19.
Metod: Učesnici u ovom onlajn istraživanju su studentkinje specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije (N=222) na Univerzitetu u Beogradu. Podaci o doživljenom strahu, hostilnosti, krivici i tugi, dobijeni su putem skale osnovnih negativnih emocija Inventara za procenu pozitivnog i negativnog afekta (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form). Maladaptivne strategije prevladavanja (Upotreba supstanci, Poricanje i Povlačenje) procenjene su inventarom COPE.
Rezultati: Testirana su četiri linearna regresiona modela sa maladaptivnim strategijama prevladavanja kao prediktorima i negativnim emocijama (hostilnost, strah, krivica i tuga) kao kriterijumskim varijablama. U prvom modelu, Hostilnost [F(3,218)=4,036; p<0,01] se predviđa putem Upotrebe supstanci (3=0,183; t=2,710; p<0,01); u drugom se Poricanje (3=0,203; t=2,831; p<0,01) izdvaja kao prediktor Straha [F(3,218)=4,215; p<0,01]; u trećem i Upotreba supstanci (3=0,262; t=4,072; p<0,001) i Povlačenje (3=0,149; t=2,142; p<0,05) predviđaju Krivicu [F(3,218)=12,255; p<0,001]; i u četvrtom modelu, Tugu [F(3,218)=5,222; p<0,01] takođe predviđaju Upotreba supstanci (3=0,165; t=2,466; p<0,01) i Povlačenje (3=0,144; t=1,992; p<0,05). Zaključak: Rezultati potvrđuju pozitivnu vezu između intenziteta negativnih osećanja i korišćenja maladaptivnih strategija prevladavanja, ali i otkrivaju različite uloge maladaptivnih strategija u predikciji osnovnih negativnih emocija tokom pandemije COVID-19. Dobijeni nalazi mogu biti od značaja u pripremi i obrazovanju studenata specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije za njihove buduće profesionalne izazove.Introduction: During the period of prolonged public health crisis, one can experience various negative emotional states and apply a wide range of different adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. The most frequent maladaptive coping manifestations are denial, behavioral disengagement and substance abuse to reduce distress. Since they are the future supporters of the vulnerable, it is of particular interest to examine the reactions of special education students, and the strategies they use to cope with stress in a maladaptive way.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore predictive roles of maladaptive coping strategies in different negative emotional states throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: Participants in this online research were 222 special education and rehabilitation female students from the University of Belgrade. Data on fear, hostility, guilt and sadness was collected using negative emotion scales of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form. Maladaptive coping strategies (Substance use, Denial and Behavioral disengagement) were assessed by COPE Inventory.
Results: Four linear regressions were performed, with the maladaptive coping strategies as the predictor set, and negative emotional states (hostility, fear, guilt and sadness) as criteria. In the first one, Hostility (F(3,218)=4.036; p<.01) was predicted by Substance use (£=.183; t=2.710; p<.01); in the second, Denial (£=.203; t=2.831; p<.01) stood out as a predictor of Fear [F(3,218)= 4.215; p<.01], in the third both Substance use (£=.262; t=4.072; p<.001) and Behavioral disengagement (£=.149; t=2.142; p<.05) predicted Guilt [F(3,218)=12.255; p<.001] and in the fourth Sadness [F(3,218)= 5.222; p<.01] was also predicted by Substance use (£=.165; t=2.466; p<.01) and Behavioral disengagement (£=.144; t=1.992; p<.05).
Conclusion: The results confirm positive correlation between maladaptive coping strategies and negative emotions and reveal different roles maladaptive coping strategies have in predicting basic negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings could be of importance in preparing future special educators and rehabilitators for their professional challenges
Genetics and epigenetics in autism spectrum disorders
Get PDFUvod: Poremećaji iz spektra autizma predstavljaju klinički i etiološki veoma heterogenu grupu. Etiopatogeneza ovih, u osnovi, neurorazvojnih poremećaja je više od dve decenije predmet istraživanja velikog broja istraživača, a uključuje složene genetske, sredinske i epigenetske mehanizme.
Cilj: Cilj rada je bio da se sagleda udeo genetskih i epigenetskih faktora u nastanku poremećaja iz spektra autizma.
Metod: Pregled dostupne i relevantne literature.
Rezultati: Pokazalo se da genetski faktor značajno povećava rizik za razvoj poremećaja iz spektra autizma, u preko 50% slučajeva. Identifikovano je više od 100 gena koji se dovode u vezu sa ovim poremećajima. Pored genetskih varijanti koje su relativno česte, prisutna je tendencija prijavljivanja retkih de novo mutacija. Epigenetski mehanizmi, metilacija DNK i hemijska modifikacija histona su mehanizmi koji utiču na ekspresiju gena ne menjajući primarnu strukturu gena. Na promene u metilaciji DNK mogu da utiču određene genske mutacije, ali i faktori sredine - posebno oni koji vode oksidativnom stresu, što menja regulaciju genske ekspresije. Tako je kod nekih osoba sa autizmom uočena hipermetilacija delova DNK koji se nalaze u okolini regiona koji su od značaja za neurorazvoj.
Zaključak: Dosadašnja genetska istraživanja su omogućila sagledavanje poremećaja iz spektra autizma iz jednog novog ugla i razumevanje njihove etiopatogeneze kao složene interakcije različitih gena i faktora sredine, kao predispoziciju za nastanak ovih poremećaja.Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders are clinically and etiologically a very heterogeneous group. The etiopathogenesis of these, basically, neurodevelopmental disorders has been the subject of research by a large number of researchers for more than two decades, and includes complex genetic, environmental and epigenetic mechanisms.
Aim: The aim of this paper was to review the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of autism spectrum disorders.
Method: Review of available and relevant literature.
Results: Genetic factor has been shown to significantly increase the risk of developing autism spectrum disorders, in over 50% of cases. More than 100 genes have been identified that are linked to these disorders. In addition to genetic variants that are relatively common, there is a tendency to report rare de novo mutations. Epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation and chemical modification of histones, are mechanisms that affect gene expression without altering the primary structure of the gene. Changes in DNA methylation can be influenced by certain gene mutations, but also by environmental factors - especially those that lead to oxidative stress, which changes the regulation of gene expression. Thus, in some people with autism, hypermethylation of DNA parts found in the vicinity of the region that are important for neurodevelopment has been observed.
Conclusion: Previous genetic research has made it possible to view autism spectrum disorders from a new angle and to understand their etiopathogenesis as a complex interaction of different genes and environmental factors, as a predisposition for the development of these disorders
Challenges in recidivism risk assessment in prison sentenced convicts
Get PDFUvod: Procena rizika recidivizma je najvažniji segment rada u zatvorskom sistemu, jer se svaka intervencija zasniva na njenim rezultatima. Procena rizika recidivizma omogućava adekvatno klasifikovanje osuđenih i primenu intervencija koje podižu nivo javne bezbednosti, umanjuju brojnost zatvorske populacije kao i troškove koji se ulažu u proces izvršenja kazne. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je analiza dostupnih istraživanja o instrumentima za procenu rizika recidivizma, koji su u upotrebi sa zatvorskom populacijom, a koji se odnose na pouzdanost, objektivnost, prediktivnu validnost i subjektivnost instrumenata.
Metod: Za potrebe uvida u relevantne naučne izvore, korišćena je pretraga elektronskih bibliografskih baza: KOBSON, Google Scholar, ResearchGate.
Rezultati: Analizom dostupnih radova utvrđeno je da je u upotrebi više od sto instrumenata procene, od kojih je preko šezdeset razvijeno i primenjuje se u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Postoje nekonzistentni rezultati koji se odnose na pouzdanost, objektivnost, prediktivnu validnost i subjektivnost instrumenata procene. Dobijeni rezultati su posledica postojanja velikog broja instrumenata koji se razlikuju prema obimu, faktorima koji se procenjuju, bodovanju pojedinačnih kriminogenih potreba i faze izvršenja kazne u kojoj se primenjuju. Dodatno, nekonzistentni rezultati su posledica neadekvatne obuke procenjivača i primene instrumenata na populaciji prestupnika na kojoj nisu validirani.
Zaključak: Iako se procena rizika recidivizma osuđenih na zatvorsku kaznu tokom vremena razvijala, uvažavajući naučna saznanja, i dalje postoje problemi u praksi. Iz tog razloga, neophodno je nastaviti istraživanja u ovoj oblasti, kako bi nedostaci procene bili svedeni na minimum. U suprotnom, neadekvatna procena bi doprinela neadekvatnoj klasifikaciji osuđenih. Takva situacija bi dovela do primene tretmana koji, u konkretnom slučaju, nije prilagođen rizicima, kapacitetima i potrebama, što bi potencijalno rezultovalo povećanjem recidivizma.Introduction: Recidivism risk assessment is the most significant segment of prison system operations as each intervention is based on its findings. Recidivism risk assessment enables the adequate classification of convicts and the application of interventions that raise the level of public safety, reduce the number of the prison population as well as the costs invested in the process of execution of the sentence.
Aim: The aim of this paper is to analyse available research on recidivism risk assessment instruments which are used on prison population and which are associated with reliability, objectivity, productive value and subjectivity of the instrument.
Method: For the purpose of gaining an insight into relevant scientific sources, the following electronic bibliographical data bases were searched: KOBSON, Google Scholar, ResearchGate.
Results: The analysis of the available papers found that more than one hundred assessment instruments were in use, of which over sixty were developed and applied in the United States. There are inconsistencies in terms of reliability, objectivity, predictive value and subjectivity of the assessment instruments. The obtained results are a consequence of a vast number of instruments which vary according to their comprehensiveness, assessed factors, individual needs score and the sentence serving phases they are implemented in. Additionally, the inconsistencies in the results are the consequences of inadequate training of the users and inadequate application of the instruments on the prison population they are not valid for.
Conclusion: Despite the fact that recidivism risk assessment in convicts has been developed over time with the respect of scientific findings, there are still certain issues in practice. This makes continuous research in this filed necessary so that the shortcomings of the assessment could be reduced to minimum. Otherwise, inadequate assessment would contribute to inadequate classification of convicts. Such situations would lead to application of treatments which are not well adjusted to the risks, capacities and needs which, in turn, would potentially result in increased recidivism rates
Fostering self-determination of children with visual impairment in early childhood
Get PDFKroz postavke i pristupe socijalnog modela ometenosti, otvorilo se pitanje zbog čega osobe sa ometenošću imaju malo ili nimalo kontrole nad svojim životom i njegovim svakodnevnim, uobičajenim aspektima.
Pokrenuto je kreiranje mera kojima bi se jačalo samozastupanje, inicijativa, samopoštovanje, asertivnost i podstakao razvoj osoba sa ometenošću u pravcu nezavisnih, ili makar nezavisnijih, građana. Konstrukt samoodređenja koji se u ovim nastojanjima istakao kao značajan odnosi se na veštine pravljenja izbora, odlučivanja, postavljanja i ostvarivanja ciljeva, samozastupanja i samousmeravanja. Svojim sadržajem prepleten je sa brojnim gorućim pitanjima vezanim za položaj osoba sa ometenošću u društvu, i privukao je veliku pažnju u specijalnoj edukaciji i rehabilitaciji.
Samoodređenje je isticano kao tema od značaja za tranziciju učenika u adolescenciju, i iz adolescencije u odraslo doba, zbog čega je uobičajeno i deo kurikuluma namenjenog ovom uzrastu. No, vremenom je uočeno da je mesto samoodređenju u ranom obrazovanju i ranoj intervenciji, jer ono ima korene u veštinama koje se stiču u periodu ranog razvoja. Kada su deca sa oštećenjem vida u pitanju, uspostavljanje osnova samoodređenja u što ranijem uzrastu predstavlja i mehanizam prevencije zavisnosti mladih osoba sa oštećenjem vida od odraslih, ali i niske samoefikasnosti, naučene bespomoćnosti i spoljašnjeg lokusa kontrole.
Cilj ovog preglednog rada je prikaz konstrukta samoodređenja i načina njegovog podsticanja kod dece sa oštećenjem vida ranog uzrasta.Through the perspectives of social disability model, the question of little or hardly any control that people with disabilities have over their own lives has become visible and important. Funds were directed in designing and implementing different project and initiatives, aiming to improve their self-advocacy, engagement, self-respect, assertiveness, and independence. Self-determination emerged as an important construct, consisting of making choices and decisions free from external influence and setting and achieving goals independently. Self-determination is intertwined with numerous issues related to the position of person with disabilities in communities and in society in general, and it drew a lot of attention in special education and rehabilitation. For some time now, self-determination has been highlighted as an important part of the curriculum for adolescents and young adults. However, over time it has been observed that the right time for promoting self-determination is early education and early intervention, since it has its roots in the skills acquired in that period. When it comes to children with visual impairment, establishing the basis of self-determination at an early age is an important mechanism for preventing dependence, low self-efficacy, learned helplessness and external locus of control.
The aim of this review paper is to present the construct of self- determination and the ways it can be fostered in children with visual impairment at an early age
Parent participation in transition planning process for students with disabilities
Get PDFUvod: Odluke koje se donose tokom tranzicionog planiranja značajne su za uspešno uključivanje učenika sa smetnjama u razvoju u odraslo doba. Zbog toga, timski rad ima poseban značaj, a podrazumeva saradnju učenika, rodite- lja, predstavnika škole i službi za pružanje usluga tokom tranzicije. Participacija roditelja omogućava dobijanje informacija o sposobnostima, ograničenjima i potrebama deteta koje doprinose uspešnom ostvarivanju ciljeva postavljenih tokom tranzicionog planiranja. Ipak, roditelji se često suočavaju sa poteško- ćama u ravnopravnom učešću u timskom donošenju odluka o budućnosti svog deteta.
Cilj: Na osnovu pregleda literature identifikovati faktore koji otežavaju i olak- šavaju participaciju roditelja u procesu tranzicionog planiranja.
Metod: Prikupljanje literature izvršeno je pregledom elektronskih baza ERIC, JSTOR i Google Scholar. Obuhvaćen je period od 2010. do 2020. godine. Za pretraživanje je korišćeno nekoliko ključnih reči i njihovih kombinacija: ro- ditelji, participacija, tranziciono planiranje, invaliditet, prepreke, facilitatori.
Izdvojena su 22 rada koja se odnose na prepreke i facilitatore učešća roditelja u tranzicionom planiranju, a potom je analiziran njihov sadržaj.
Rezultati: Najčešće prepreke sa kojima se suočavaju roditelji uključuju poteš- koće psihičke prirode, demografske karakteristike, nedovoljnu komunikaciju i partnerski odnos sa predstavnicima škole i tranzicionih servisa, nedovoljno razumevanje procesa tranzicije i nedostatak znanja o obrazovanju nakon za- vršetka srednje škole. Faktori koji olakšavaju participaciju roditelja su: znanja o procesu tranzicionog planiranja u školi, povećanje komunikacije i saradnje sa predstavnicima škole i tranzicionih servisa, izgradnja neformalne podrške u zajednici i smanjenje stresa.
Zaključak: Dosadašnja istraživanja pružaju dokaze o značaju participacije ro- ditelja u tranzicionom planiranju i faktorima koji otežavaju njihovo aktivno učešće. Podaci o facilitatorima participacije roditelja manje su zastupljeni, pa bi buduća istraživanja trebalo usmeriti na njihovo dalje otkrivanje, kao i na razvoj programa za aktivnu participaciju roditelja u timskom radu, kako bi se unapredili ishodi tranzicionog perioda učenika sa smetnjama u razvoju.Introduction: Decisions made during the transition planning period are important for the successful transition of students with disabilities into adulthood. Therefore, teamwork has a special significance, and implies the cooperation of students, parents, school representatives and transition services providers. Parental participation enables obtaining information about the child’s abilities, limitations and needs that will contribute to setting realistic goals during transitional planning. However, parents often face difficulties in equal participation in team decision-making about their child’s future.
Aim: Based on the literature review, to identify factors that hinder and facilitate parent participation in the transition planning process.
Method: The literature was collected using computer-based searches of electronic databases including ERIC, JSTOR and Google Scholar. The period from 2010 to 2020 was covered. Several key words and their combinations were used for the search: parents, participation, transition planning, disability, obstacles, facilitators and 22 papers dealing with obstacles and facilitators of parent participation in transition planning were singled out, and then their content was analysed.
Results: The most common obstacles faced by parents are psychological difficulties, demographic characteristics, insufficient communication and partnership with school representatives and transition service providers, insufficient understanding of the transition process and lack of knowledge about post-secondary education. Parent participation facilitating factors include gaining knowledge of the school’s transition planning process, better communication and collaboration with school representatives and transition service providers, building informal community support, and reducing stress.
Conclusion: Previous research evidence indicated the importance of parent participation in transition planning and the factors that hinder their active participation as well. Evidence of parent participation facilitators is less represented, so future research should be focused on their further identification and developing a program for promoting active parent participation in teamwork in order to improve the transition period outcomes of students with disabilities
Humour as a powerful tool in professional work with children
Get PDFUvod: U uvodnom delu rada bavićemo se pojmom humora, njegovim aspekti- ma, teorijskim osnovama za primenu u praktičnom smislu, kao i načinima im- plementiranja u stručnom radu, usmeravajući se na korisnike usluga iz sistema socijalne zaštite koji podrazumevaju smeštaj u ustanovu.
Cilj: Cilj ovog rada jeste da se prikaže da je humorom moguće prožeti veliki broj intervencija, kako planiranih, tako i neplaniranih, situacionih u radu sa decom i da je, svakako, prisutan u svakom segmentu planiranog rada sa korisnicima, te da se ostvaruje pozitivan efekat prilikom uspostavljanja međusobnog od- nosa poverenja stručnog radnika i korisnika, kao i stvaranja osećaja sigurnosti kod korisnika. Nakon uspostavljanja ovakve baze stručnog rada, svaki dalji segment, do završetka rada sa korisnikom inkorporira humor kao deo daljeg stručnog rada (korekcija ponašanja, sniženje tenzije u, za korisnika, provocira- jućim situacijama, distrakcije i distanciranja u situacijama preplavljenosti, po- moć pri prihvatanju raznovrsnih neplaniranih tranzicija na životnom putu i sl.).
Metod: Za potrebe ovog naučnog rada korišćena je metoda analize dokumen- tacije, tj. pregleda dostupnih naučnih radova na tematiku kojom se bavi ovaj rad.
Rezultati: Kroz ovaj deo rada će se prikazati već primećeni pozitivni efekti upotrebe humora u stručnom radu sa korisnicima, kao i odgovarajući načini primene istog kroz prizmu iskustva stručnih radnika iz sistema socijalne za- štite. Dodatno, istaći ćemo i karakteristike stručnih radnika sistema socijalne zaštite, te posedovanje smisla za humor kompetencije u poslovima koji imaju direktne veze sa decom i maloletnicima, kao i sposobnost podsticanja smisla za humor korisnika sa kojima rade.
Zaključak: Kroz zaključak će se obraditi pozitivni efekti primene humora kroz navedene intervencije i segmente stručnog rada na promene u ponašanju kod korisnika usluga.Introduction: In the introductory part of the paper, we will deal with the concept of humour, its aspects, theoretical foundations for its application in practical terms, as well as ways of its implementation in professional work, while focusing on users of social protection services that include accommodation in an institution.
Aim: The goal of this paper is to show that humour can be a part of a large number of interventions, both planned and unplanned, situational that are implemented while working with children and that it is present in every segment of planned work with users where it helps to achieve a positive effect in establishing mutual relationship of trust between the professional worker and the user, as well as creating a sense of security for the user. After establishing such working base, humour is incorporated in each further segment of professional work until the end of providing services to the child (correction of problematic behaviour, reduction of tension in provocative situations for the child, distractions and distancing in overwhelming situations, providing help in accepting various unplanned transitions on the path of life, etc.).
Method: For the purpose of this scientific paper, the method of documentation analysis was implemented through review of available scientific papers on this topic.
Results: This part of the paper will present the positive effects of using humour in professional work with users as well as its application, that have already been noticed in scientific papers, seen through the experience of professionals from the social protection system. In addition, we will emphasize the characteristics of professionals in the social protection system, and their possession of a sense of humour as one of the most important personal qualities in jobs that have direct links with children and minors, as well as the ability to encourage a sense of humour in those users.
Conclusion: The conclusion will address the positive effects of the application of humour through these interventions and segments of professional work on changes in behaviour among children
Maladaptive emotion regulation and attachment dimensions: is the suppression of emotion expression related to attachment insecurity?
Get PDFUvod: Povezanost kvaliteta vezanosti i određenih aspekata regulacije emocija bila je predmet brojnih studija. Po nekim shvatanjima, i adaptivne i maladap- tivne strategije prevladavanja se mogu posmatrati kao manifestacije sistema vezanosti. U okviru Grosovog modela regulacije emocija, suzbijanje ekspresije emocija se smatra maladaptivnom strategijom, koja je usmerena na emocio- nalni odgovor i u vezi je sa teškoćama u nekim psihosocijalnim domenima: sa intenzivnijim doživljavanjem negativnih emocija, problemima u interpersonal- noj sferi, nižoj psihološkoj dobrobiti, itd.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da dodatno ispita povezanost između dimenzija vezanosti sa maladaptivnom regulacijom emocija.
Metod: Dimenzije vezanosti su procenjene Upitnikom za procenu afektivnog vezivanja (UPIPAV) koji obuhvata 7 supskala: Korišćenje spoljašnje baze sigur- nosti, Strah od gubitka spoljašnje baze sigurnosti, Nerazrešena porodična tra- umatizacija, Negativan model selfa, Negativan model drugih, Slaba regulacija besa i Kapacitet za mentalizaciju. Suzbijanje ekspresije emocija, koje pred- stavlja maladaptivnu strategiju regulacije emocija, procenjeno je Upitnikom o regulaciji emocija (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire – ERQ). Iz inicijalnog uzorka (N=190) su izdvojene dve grupe: 1) ispitanici (N1=61) čiji su skorovi na skali Suzbijanje ekspresije emocija ispod prvog kvartila („nisko suzbijanje“) i 2) ispitanici (N2=62) sa skorovima iznad trećeg kvartila na istoj skali („visoko suzbijanje“). Učesnici u istraživanju su bili studenti specijalne edukacije i reha- bilitacije sa Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Rezultati: T-test za nezavisne uzorke je ukazao na značajno niže skorove na skalama Korišćenje spoljašnje baze sigurnosti (t=6,115, df=121, p<0,001) i Strah od gubitka spoljašnje baze sigurnosti (t=2,391, df=121, p<0,05), a povi- šene skorove na skalama Negativan model selfa (t=-3,543, df=121, p<0,001), Negativan model drugih (t=-2,871, df=121, p<0,01) i Slaba regulacija besa (t=- 2,411, df=121, p<0,05) u grupi u kojoj je suzbijanje bilo učestalije (tzv. „visoko suzbijanje“).
Zaključak: Prema dobijenim rezultatima, ispitanici koji češće suzbijaju izraža- vanje emocija takođe imaju i odlike vezanosti tipične za nesigurne obrasce vezanosti. Nalazi predstavljaju potvrdu maladaptivne prirode suzbijanja ek- spresije emocija kao uobičajene regulatorne strategije.Introduction: The relationship between attachment quality and certain aspects of emotion regulation was demonstrated in numerous studies. By some evidence, both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies may be viewed as manifestations of the attachment system. Within the Gross’ model of emotion regulation, suppression of emotion expression is considered to be a maladaptive response-focused emotion regulation strategy, associated with difficulties in certain psycho-social domains: higher levels of negative emotions, interpersonal dysfunction, less wellbeing, etc.
Aim: The goal of this study was to furtherly explore a link between attachment dimensions with maladaptive emotion regulation.
Method: Attachment dimensions were assessed by the Questionnaire for Attachment Assessment, comprising 7 subscales: Use of Secure Base, Anxiety about Losing Secure Base, Unresolved Family Traumatization, Negative Working Model of Self, Negative Working Model of Others, Poor Anger Regulation, and Capacity for Mentalization. Suppression of emotion expression as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). From the initial sample (N=190) two groups were formed: 1) respondents (N1=61) with scores on Suppression of emotion expression scale below first quartile (“low suppression“) and 2) those (N2=62) with scores above third quartile on the same scale of ERQ (“high suppression“). Subjects were special education and rehabilitation students from the University of Belgrade.
Results: T-test for independent samples revealed significantly lower scores on scales Use of Secure Base (t=6.115, df=121, p<.001), Anxiety about Losing Secure Base (t=2.391, df=121, p<.05) and higher scores on Negative Working Model of Self (t=-3.543, df=121, p<.001), Negative Working Model of Others (t=-2.871, df=121, p<.01) and Poor Anger Regulation (t=-2.411, df=121, p<.05) in the “high suppression“ group.
Conclusion: According to results, subjects who suppress more also report characteristics of attachment typical for insecure attachment patterns. These findings confirm the maladaptive nature of expressive suppression as a usual emotion regulation strategy
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in children – a case report
Get PDFUvod: Benigni paroksizmalni pozicioni vertigo je najčešći uzrok pravih rotator- nih vrtoglavica kod odraslih osoba. Za razliku od odraslih, kod dece je u sluča- jevima sa urednim otoskopskim nalazom najčešći uzrok vrtoglavice benigna paroksizmalna vrtoglavica i migrena, dok se benigni paroksizmalni pozicioni vertigo veoma retko dijagnostikuje, ali izaziva strah kod dece, a paniku kod roditelja. Benigni paroksizmalni pozicioni vertigo nastaje otkidanjem otoli- ta sa makule utrikulusa i njihovim upadanjem u neki od polukružnih kanala.
Karakteriše se kratkotrajnim napadima veoma jake vrtoglavice, koji su provo- cirani određenim položajem glave. Dijagnostikovanje vrtoglavice kod dece je otežano s obzirom na to da mala deca ne mogu jasno da opišu svoje simpto- me. Zbog mogućnosti opasnih uzroka neophodno je svako dete sa vrtoglavi- com detaljno ispitati.
Prikaz slučaja: U radu je prikazan slučaj devojčice stare devet godina sa be- nignim paroksizmalnim položajnim vertigom. Nakon iscrpne i detaljne hete- roanamneze i anamneze, postavljena je sumnja da se radi o benignom pa- roksizmalnom pozicionom vertigu. Dijagnoza benignog paroksizmalnog po- ložajnog vertiga desnog zadnjeg polukružnog kanala je potvrđena pozicionim testom po Dix-Hallpike-u. Sprovedena je tarapija, modifikovanim Epley-jevim repozicionim manevrom. Na kontroli nakon 20 minuta i nakon sedam dana, Dix-Hallpike-ov test je bio negativan. Devojčica je bila bez tegoba godinu i po dana, nakon čega su se ponovo pojavile vrtoglavice. Povrđen je recidiv be- nignog paroksizmalnog položajnog vertiga, zadnjeg polukružnog kanala sa iste desne strane, koji je uspešno izlečen sa jednim modifikovanim Epley-jevim manevrom.
Zaključak: Iako se veoma retko sreće u dečijem uzrastu, benigni paroksizmalni pozicioni vertigo treba prepoznati i precizno dijagnostikovati jer se može brzo i efikasno izlečiti.Introduction: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common cause of true rotatory vertigo in adults. Unlike adults, in children with normal otoscopic findings, the most common cause of vertigo is benign paroxysmal vertigo and migraine, while benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is rarely diagnosed, but it leads to fear in children and panic in parents. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is formed by displacement of the otolith from the macula of the utricle and their entry into one of the semicircular canals. It is characterized by short-term attacks of very strong vertigo, which are provoked by a certain head position.
Diagnosis of vertigo in children is difficult because young children cannot clearly describe their symptoms. Due to the possibility of dangerous causes, it is necessary to examine every child with dizziness in detail.
Case outline: The paper presents a case of a nine-year-old girl with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was suspected, after taking a precise and detailed patient’s history. The diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the right posterior semicircular canal was confirmed by the Dix-Hallpike position test. Treatment was performed, with a modified Epley repositioning maneuver. At the follow-up examination after 20 minutes, and after seven days, the Dix-Hallpike test was negative. The girl was without symptoms for a year and a half, after which the dizziness reappeared. Recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal, on the same right side was confirmed, which was successfully cured by only one modified Epley maneuver.
Conclusion: Although it is very rare in childhood, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo should be recognized and accurately diagnosed because it can be cured quickly and effectively
Risk factors for the development of specific articulation disorder in children
Get PDFIntroduction: Considering inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between various risk factors and speech disorders, this study objective is to analyze following risk factors: long-term use of pacifier, thumb sucking, caretaker speech of parents, and average exposure to electronic media during the day, chronic otitis media, poor differentiation of oral musculature, parental speech status and their association with the occurrence and manifestation of a specific articulation disorder.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which various risk factors are present in children who have a specific articulation disorder.
Method: The sample consisted of a total of 100 subjects, aged five to seven, who were divided into two groups, experimental (50 subjects with specific articulation disorder) and control (50 subjects without the disorder).
The diagnosis of specific articulation disorder was made on the basis of a qualitative analysis of responses to tests of speech and language abilities, anamnestic data and additional examinations. The parents of all respondents completed a socio-demographic questionnaire that included questions about the factors listed as risky for this disorder.
Results: The use of pacifiers, thumb sucking and poor differentiation of oral musculature were shown to be significant predictors of specific articulation disorder. On the other hand, when examining the influence of electronic media exposure during the day and the manifestation of dyslalia in children and the influence of chronic otitis media on the manifestation of dyslalia, statistical significance was obtained on the whole sample, but it was not found in a subsample of children diagnosed with specific articulation disorder.
Conclusion: The results support the importance of factors such as the use of pacifier, thumb sucking, and poorly differentiated oral musculatures for the proper development of a child’s articulation. Adequate and timely informing parents about possible risk factors for dyslalia could reduce this disorder in children
Acoustic structure of voice in respondents with organic voice disorders
Get PDFUvod: Ljudski glas je jedinstven, a njegova fleskibilnost omogućava iskaziva- nje misli, emocija, radosti i strahova. Na kvalitet i osobenosti glasa utiču ra- zličiti faktori: pol, uzrast, izloženost štetnim noksama, organski i funkcionalni poremećaji glasa. Organski poremećaji glasa deformišu akustički signal i utiču na kvalitet glasa. Akustička, multidimenziona analiza glasa pruža vokalnim patolozima objektivno tumačenje patologije glasa, a samim tim i adekvatniji izbor metoda vokalnog tretmana u odnosu na subjektivnu procenu glasa.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde bitne kvantitativne i mikrostruk- turne karakteristike glasa kod ispitanika sa organskim poremećajima glasa različite starosne dobi u odnosu na pol, godine starosti i pušački status.
Metod: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 60 ispitanika, oba pola (ženski pol n=30, muški pol n=30), starosne dobi od 13 do 85 godina. Prvu starosnu grupu činili su ispitanici od 13-40 godina, a drugu ispitanici od 41-85 godina. Prosečna dužina pušačkog staža za obe istraživačke grupe je 10 godina. U istraživanju je korišće- na kompjuterska laboratorija za analizu glasa „Kay Elemetrics“. U statističkoj obradi podataka primenjena je jednofaktorska multivarijatna analiza ANOVA.
Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se akustička struktura glasa kod ispitanika sa organskim poremećajima glasa različite starosne dobi, pola i dužine pušačkog statusa razlikuje u većini analiziranih parametara (p<0,05).
Istraživanje je pokazalo da su najveća odstupanja bila u prosečnoj vrednosti fundamentalne frekvencije, oscilacijama u visini fundamentalne frekvencije i oscilacijama u amplitudi intenziteta.
Zaključak: Instrumentalno praćenje vibratornog ciklusa glasnica je jedan od bitnih aspekata objektivnog ispitivanja glasa. Patološke promenenna glasni- cama deformišu akustički signal i utiču na produkciju glasa. Istraživanje je pokazalo da udruženi faktori kao što su starost i pušenje znatno više naruša- vaju akustičku strukturu glasa kod ispitanika ženskog pola u odnosu na mlađu uzrasnu grupu.Introduction: The human voice is unique, and its flexibility allows for the expression of thoughts, emotions, joys, and fears. The quality and characteristics of voice are influenced by various factors: gender, age, exposure to harmful noxa, organic and functional disorders of voice.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the important quantitative and microstructural characteristics of voice in subjects with organic voice disorders of different ages in relation to gender, age and smoking status.
Method: The study included 60 subjects, of both genders (female n=30, male n=30), aged 13 to 85 years. The first age group consisted of respondents aged 13-40 years, and the second age group consisted of respondents aged 41-85 years. The average length of smoking experience for both research groups was 10 years. In the research, we used a computer laboratory for voice analysis “Kay Elemetrics”. One-factor multivariate ANOVA was applied in statistical data processing.
Results: The results of the research showed that the acoustic structure of voice in subjects with organic voice disorders of different age, gender and length of smoking status differed in most of the analyzed parameters (p<.05). The research showed that the largest deviations were in the average value of the fundamental frequency, oscillations in the height of the fundamental frequency and oscillations in the intensity amplitude.
Conclusion: Instrumental monitoring of the vibratory cycle of the vocal cords is one of the important aspects of objective examination of voice. Pathological changes in the vocal cords deform the acoustic signal and affect the production of voice. The research showed that combined factors, such as age and smoking, significantly disrupt the acoustic structure of voice in female respondents compared to the younger age group