Estudos Semióticos (ISSN 1980-4016)
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La « pensée plastique » de Jean-Marie Floch: pour une sémio-anthropologie des « mondes imagés »
Full text linkAs a tribute to Jean-Marie Floch, our article intends to discuss Plastic Semiotics, associated with semi-symbolic systems (Floch 1985, 1995), considering it as the foundation of a semio-anthropological approach capable of analysing culture through all its manifestations. By placing Plastic Semiotics inperspective with its context of development, within Greimassian Semiotics, and also with Lévi-Strauss\u27s works, which deeply inspired it, we intend to re-assess its principles for the study of “pictured worlds”. Since Plastic Semiotics accounts for the ways in which humans construct not only \u27imagined micro-scenes\u27, but also objects relating to the world, we will claim its relevance for studying, and questioning, new virtual objects such as video games. This proposition will be exemplified with a short analysis of the game Dark Souls.Notre article, hommage à Jean-Marie Floch, envisage de discuter la sémiotique plastique, associée aux systèmes semi-symboliques (Floch 1985, 1995) en la considérant comme fondatrice d’une approche sémio-anthropologique susceptible de prendre en charge la culture au travers de l’ensemble de ses manifestations. En remettant la sémiotique plastique en perspective avec son contexte d’apparition, dans la sémiotique greimassienne, puis avec les travaux de Lévi-Strauss qui l’ont profondément inspirée, nous entendons plus particulièrement réévaluer ses principes pour une étude des « mondes imagés ». Puisque la sémiotique plastique rend compte de la manière dont les humains construisent non seulement des « micro-scènes imagées », mais aussi des objets qui les mettent en relation avec le monde, nous affirmerons sa pertinence pour étudier, et questionner, les nouveaux objets virtuels tels que les jeux vidéo. Cette proposition sera illustrée par une brève étude du jeu Dark Souls.Notre article, hommage à Jean-Marie Floch, envisage de discuter la sémiotique plastique, associée aux systèmes semi-symboliques (Floch 1985, 1995) en la considérant comme fondatrice d’une approche sémio-anthropologique susceptible de prendre en charge la culture au travers de l’ensemble de ses manifestations. En remettant la sémitoque plastique en perspective avec son contexte d’apparition, dans la sémiotique greimassienne, puis avec les travaux de Lévi-Strauss qui l’ont profondément inspiré, nous entendons plus particulièrement réévaluer ses principes pour une étude des « mondes imagés ». Puisque la sémiotique plastique rend compte de la manière dont les humains construisent non seulement des « micro-scènes imagées », mais aussi des objets qui les mettent en relation avec le monde, nous affirmerons sa pertinence pour étudier, et questionner, les nouveaux objets virtuels tels que les jeux vidéo
Representations of women in argumentative dissertations of graduates of basic education: the orchestration of voices in the construction of axiological positioning
Full text linkEste trabalho objetiva analisar a orquestração de vozes sociais na construção de um posicionamento axiológico em relação à mulher em dissertações argumentativas de concluintes da educação básica. À vista disso, a fundamentação teórica baseia-se principalmente nos trabalhos de Bakhtin (1997; 2006), Faraco (2009), Fiorin (2011), Guariglia (2012), Polachini (2014) e Rodrigues e Rangel (2015). A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola pública da cidade de Recife (PE), onde foram coletadas 69 produções, das quais duas foram escolhidas pelo critério de Amostragem Aleatória Simples (AAS). Em ambas, a apropriação da voz alheia se deu de modo planejado e articulado ao propósito de contrapor-se ao pensamento machista sobre a mulher. Nesse sentido, constatou-se a ocorrência de formas do discurso marcado e do discurso bivocal, com a predominância daquelas.This work aims to analyze the orchestration of social voices in the construction of an axiological position in relation to women in argumentative dissertations of graduates of basic education. In view of this, the theoretical foundation is mainly basedon the works of Bakhtin (1997; 2006), Faraco (2009), Fiorin (2011), Guariglia (2012), Polachini (2014) and Rodrigues and Rangel (2015). The research was carried out in a public school in the city of Recife (PE), where 69 productions were collected, of which two were chosen by the criterion of Simple Random Sampling (AAS). In both texts, the appropriation of the voice of others occurred in a planned and articulated way to the purpose of opposing the sexist thought about women. In this context, we found the occurrence of forms of marked speech and bivocal speech, with the predominance of the former
Uma leitura tensiva das modalidades veridictórias
Full text linkNegociada entre os polos da enunciação, a veridicção se constrói no julgamento do que é verdadeiro, falso, secreto ou mentiroso, confirmando ou negando as aparências. A discussão de uma atualização dessa formulação basilar da teoria se desenvolve neste trabalho com uma releitura orientada pela dimensão sensível de Claude Zilberberg e seu entendimento de que nenhum termo é simples e todos guardam diferentes graus de complexidade. Ao definir, reconhecer e aproveitar os subcontrários e sobrecontrários do parecer e do ser, este artigo argumenta que a dimensão sensível, o acontecimento e o acréscimo de mais ou de menos previsto na abordagem tensiva permite que o analista problematize o impacto que cada julgamento tensivo produz para o sujeito. Com o julgamento veridictório, ora o sujeito chega a confirmações mais ou menos contundentes de seus valores e ora se pega aturdido de diferentes formas pelas surpresas que nascem da quebra de todo um gradiente possível de expectativas, projetadas pelo enunciador com maior ou menor empenho.Negotiated between the poles of enunciation, veridiction is built on the judgment of what is true, false, secret or lying, confirming or denying appearances. The discussion of an update of this basic formulation of the theory is developed in this work with a rereading guided by the sensitive dimension of Claude Zilberberg and his understanding that no term is simple and that all have different degrees of complexity. When defining, recognizing and taking advantage of the subcontraries and overcontraries of appearing and being, this article argues that the sensitive dimension, the event, and the addition of moreor less predicted in the tensive approach allow the analyst to problematize the impact that each tensive judgment produces for the subject. With the veridictory judgment, sometimes the subject comes to more or less overwhelming confirmations of his values and sometimes he is stunned in different ways by the surprises that arise from the breaking of a possible gradient of expectations, projected by the enunciator with greater or lesser effort
Les contraintes de la motivation des signes d’après le système semi-symbolique
No full textUne étude attentive des œuvres de Floch peut contribuer à préciser et à mettre à jour la question de la motivation des signes. C’est le but de notre article, de comprendre mieux le caractère fondé de la relation entre le signifiant et le signifié à travers la catégorie sémiotique que Floch a sondé, expliqué et appliqué à maintes reprises et dont il a été le promulgateur majeur : le semi-symbolique. Notre hypothèse est que les refléxions théoriques et les analyses empiriques flochiennes impliquent une conception épistemique de la pensée corrélative et contrastive. Le semi-symbolique dépasse l’occurrence du décodage et de l’encodage particuliers d’un texte donné pour s’élever au rang d’un modèle structurant de la logique du sensible, adroit à produire des effets de sens « vérité », à gérer le jeu de la vérité, entre la dimension de la manifestation (paraître/non-paraître) et celle de l’immanence (être/non-être). Après avoir relit et examiné quelques passages plus relevants de Floch à ce propos, on reviendra sur le semi-symbolique comme relation motivée et on démontrerà la fecondité de cet outil même face à des grandes banques de données.Une étude attentive des œuvres de Floch peut contribuer à préciser et à mettre à jour la question de la motivation des signes. C’est le but de notre article, de mieux comprendre le caractère fondé de la relation entre le signifiant et le signifié à travers la catégorie sémiotique que Floch a sondée, expliquée et appliquée à maintes reprises et dont il a été le promulgateur majeur : le semi-symbolique. Notre hypothèse est que les réflexions théoriques et les analyses empiriques flochiennes impliquent une conception épistémique de la pensée corrélative et contrastive. Le semi-symbolique dépasse l’occurrence du décodage et de l’encodage particuliers d’un texte donné pour s’élever au rang d’un modèle structurant de la logique du sensible, à même de produire des effets de sens « vérité », à gérer le jeu de la vérité, entre la dimension de la manifestation (paraître/non-paraître) et celle de l’immanence (être/non-être). Après avoir relu et examiné quelques passages plus pertinents de Floch à ce propos, on reviendra sur le semi-symbolique comme relation motivée et on démontrera la fécondité de cet outil même face à de grandes banques de données.A careful study of Floch’s contributions can help to clarify and update the question of the motivation of signs. This is the aim of our paper, to better understand the groundedness of the relationship between the signifier and the signified through the semiotic category that Floch repeatedly probed, explained and applied and of which he was the major promulgator: the semi-symbolic. Our hypothesis is that Flochian theoretical reflections and empirical analyses imply an epistemic conception of correlative and contrastive thinking. The semi-symbolic goes beyond the occurrence of the particular decoding and encoding of a given text to rise to the rank of a structuring model of the logic of the sensible, adept at producing “truth” effects of meaning, at managing the game of truth, between the dimension of manifestation (appearing/non-appearing) and that of immanence (being/non-being). After rereading and examining some of Floch’s most relevant passages in this regard, we will return to the semi-symbolic as a motivated relation and demonstrate the fecundity of this tool even in the face of big data banks
Des concepts fondateurs aux approches contemporaines : l\u27actualité de Jean-Marie Floch: Dos conceitos fundadores às abordagens contemporâneas: a atualidade de Jean-Marie Floch
No full textAre You a Surveyor or a Daydreamer? Developing a Behavioral Typology of Railway Users
Full text linkEste artigo traz uma síntese dos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada por Jean-Marie Floch em finais da década de 1980, a partir de uma consultoria encomendada pela direção dos transportes em comum da região metropolitana de Paris (RATP), que desejava conhecer melhor os perfis de usuários da rede de metrô e trens de subúrbio, a fim de aprimorar sua oferta de serviços. Após uma extensa investigação sobre as múltiplas maneiras de se utilizar os transportes coletivos – pensando sempre no trajeto do viajante como um texto a ser analisado – Floch estabelece quatro grandes categorias interdefinidas de passageiros do metrô: agrimensores, profissionais, sonâmbulos e errantes, cada qual com suas modalidades de locomoção, seu grau de domínio dos espaços trilhados, sua maior ou menor sensibilidade ao entorno, sua percepção da presença e do comportamento dos demais passageiros e dos metroviários. O autor antecipa, neste trabalho, alguns dos pontos que os semioticistas viriam a desenvolver posteriormente, tais como a teorização semiótica das formas de vida ou a questão das práticas produtoras de sentido no seio da vida social.This article summarizes the results of a research carried out by Jean-Marie Floch at the end of the 1980s as part of a consultancy commissioned by the Paris metropolitan region\u27s transit authority (RATP), which wanted to better understand the profiles of users of the metro and suburban train network in order to improve its service offer. After an extensive investigation into the multiple ways of using public transport - always thinking of the traveler\u27s journey as a text to be analyzed - Floch establishes four major interdefined categories of metro passengers: surveyors, professionals, daydreamers and strollers, each with their own modes of locomotion, their degree of mastery of the spaces traversed, their greater or lesser sensitivity to the surroundings, their perception of the presence and behavior of other passengers and of the metro workers. In this work, the author anticipates some of the points that semioticians would later develop, such as the semiotic theorization of forms of life or the question of meaning-producing practices within social life
The secret sonnet in Pauliceia Desvairada
Full text linkInspirados pelo centenário da semana de arte moderna que se comemora em 2022, este artigo dedica-se à análise do poema que abre o livro lançado por Mário de Andrade em 1922, Paulicéia Desvairada. Com o auxílio das reflexões da semiótica discursiva, buscamos lançar luz sobre o soneto que se esconde por trás dos versos livres de “Inspiração”. Em defesa desse percurso de leitura, que tenciona imanência e aparência, convocamos a dimensão mereológica da significação, ou seja, a influência das relações entre partes e totalidade. Nesse sentido, a leitura do poema em questão é permeada pelos outros textos que compõem a obra, entre eles o “Prefácio interessantíssimo” que indica instruções para uma poética que guia a leitura do restante do livro. Assim, ao promovermos uma análise duplamente imanente do poema, que, sem subjugar a leitura a dados externos, deixa o texto revelar as estruturas internas que compõem sua poeticidade (e modernidade), tentamos prestar uma homenagem que escape dos tons biográfico e histórico que, com seus méritos, parecem dominar os louros deste centenário.Inspired by the centenary of the Week of Modern Art that is celebrated in 2022, this article is dedicated to the analysis of the poem that opens the book published by Mário de Andrade in 1922, Pauliceia Desvairada. With the help of reflections from discursive semiotics, we seek to shed light on the sonnet that is hidden behind the free verses of “Inspiração”. In defense of this reading path, which intends immanence and appearance, we summon the mereological dimension of meaning, that is, the influence of the relations between parts and totality. In this sense, the reading of the poem in question is permeated by the other texts that make up the work, among them the “Prefácio Interessantíssimo” that indicates instructions for a poetics that guides the reading of the rest of the book. Thus, by promoting a doubly immanent analysis of the poem, which, without subjugating the reading to external data, lets the text reveal the internal structures that make up its poeticity (and modernity), we try to pay homage that escapes the biographical and historical tones that, with their merits, seem to dominate the laurels of this centenary
Is social semiotics a unitary research field? An introductory and comparative mapping of Argentinean, Brazilian, French, Italian and English-speaking semiotic approaches to social meaning-making
Full text linkIn the 1980s, researchers from different academic circles around the world started paying attention to the functioning of the social realm with a focus on signification and sense-making. Since then, they have shown particular interest in studying practices, interactions and spatiality, among other objects of study, as activities that convey social meaning and produce sense. This is how the field of social semiotics emerged within general semiotics. However, the emergence of this new research field occurred in a fragmented manner. Nowadays, English-speaking ‘social semiotics’ coexists with at least two French sociosémiotiques, with Argentinean sociosemiótica, with Italian sociosemiotica and with Brazilian sociossemiótica. This article examines these five accounts of social semiotics in a comparative manner with a focus on the theoretical and methodological references they use as their sources. Therefore, the article should function as an introductory roadmap for researchers within the social and human sciences interested in approaching contemporary social semiotics and sociosemiotic research.In the 1980s, researchers from different academic circles around the world started paying attention to the functioning of the social realm with a focus on signification and sense-making. Since then, they have shown particular interest in studying practices, interactions and spatiality, among other objects of study, as activities that convey social meaning and produce sense. This is how the field of social semiotics emerged within general semiotics. However, the emergence of this new research field occurred in a fragmented manner. Nowadays, English-speaking ‘social semiotics’ coexists with at least two French sociosémiotiques, with Argentinean sociosemiótica, with Italian sociosemiotica and with Brazilian sociossemiótica. This article examines these five accounts of social semiotics in a comparative manner with a focus on the theoretical and methodological references they use as their sources. Therefore, the article should function as an introductory roadmap for researchers within the social and human sciences interested in approaching contemporary social semiotics and sociosemiotic research
Morphologie et dynamique des mythes : une lecture catastrophiste de Lévi-Strauss
Full text linkNotre « ré-analyse » de l’oeuvre mythologique de Lévi-Strauss part de la sémantique catastrophiste selon René Thom. Après un résumé des résultats majeurs dans l’analyse des mythes chez Lévi-Strauss et la considération des aspects dynamiques, telle la genèse des mythes, leur transformation et distribution, un problème central de la mythologie structurale de Lévi-Strauss concerne les transitions entre le continu et le discret et la constitution des distinctions pertinentes. Cette problématique est au coeur de la Théorie des Catastrophes (TC). L’article se concentre sur la formule canonique du mythe selon Lévi-Strauss. Il essaie de reconstruire cette formule à la base de son emploi par Lévi-Strauss dans plusieurs de ses oeuvres. Le dessein est de mieux comprendre et de préciser cette formule. Le texte passe en revue les moyens formels utilisés par Lévi-Strauss et cherche une interprétation dans le cadre d’une mathématisation adéquate. D’autres reconstructions, surtout celle de Jean Petitot sont prises en compte. Finalement, l’article discute les conséquences de cette relecture pour la sémantique catastrophiste et pour une sémiotique des mythes et des religions.Our “re-analysis” of the mythological work of Lévi-Strauss starts from catastrophe theoretical semantics according to René Thom. It gives a summary of the central results of Lévi-Strauss and highlights their dynamic aspects, such as the genesis of myths, their transformation, and distribution. A central topic in the structural anthropology of Lévi-Strauss concerns the transition between the continuous and the discrete in human categorization; this is also at the heart of catastrophe theory (TC). The article focuses on the canonical formula of myth according to Lévi-Strauss. It discusses the formal means used by Lévi-Strauss and seeks an interpretation within the framework of adequate mathematical formalisms. The reconstruction of the formula follows three pathways and considers earlier reconstructions (e.g. the publications of Jean Petitot on the topic). Finally, the article discusses the consequences of this rereading for catastrophe theoretical semantics and semiotics of myths and religions
Floch - Zilberberg: the wölfflinian controversy
No full textParmi les nombreuses innovations théoriques de Jean-Marie Floch, sa redécouverte de Wölfflin a marqué une date dans l’histoire de la théorie sémiotique ; redécouverte d’un structuralisme pré-structural accompagné d’un développement théorique considérable, dans l’œuvre de Floch, permettant l’extension de la « vision baroque » opposable à la « vision classique » bien au-delà du domaine qui lui a donné naissance, au delà même des univers esthétiques, pour entrer de plain-pied dans le champ de la communication sociale (médiatique, technique, politique, etc.) contemporaine. Or, les propositions de Claude Zilberberg (notamment dans « Présence de Wölfflin », n° 23-24 des Nouveaux Actes Sémiotiques, 1992) ont profondément modifié la perspective théorique sur l’héritage du célèbre historien de l’art, suscitant un désaccord avec Floch. En interrogeant le statut du débat au sein de la communauté sémiotique, illustré ici par les divergences tues entre les sémioticiens, on analyse ces deux « lectures » de Wölfflin, leurs différences formelles, leurs rapports respectifs avec le sensible, leurs horizons théoriques – catégoriel d’un côté, tensif de l’autre. On met alors l’accent sur deux points de divergence, concernant le statut de l’affect et le problème de la profondeur. On montre les empiètements entre les deux approches et leur profonde convergence. Mais surtout on suggère ici un dépassement possible de la controverse en analysant la distinction classique / baroque sur fond de perception et en termes de « rythme », c’est-à-dire comme variation de tension entre les événements accentuels d’une série syntagmatique. On fait ainsi intervenir la question de la nuance, celle de la non-résolution de syntagmes accentuels, voire de la discordance entre niveaux accentuels. Cette contribution à la connaissance d’un phénomène essentiel dans l’histoire des formes permet aussi de reposer la question de sa dénomination. Comment nommer en effet ce qui constitue, à travers tant de matériaux langagiers (non verbal et verbal), tant de domaines de communication, tant de moments et de contextes historiques, une trame insistante au sein de la culture occidentale, au cœur même de sa « grammaire d\u27expression » dont l’opposition «classique/baroque » n’est au fond qu’une émergence exceptionnelle, mais locale ?Among Jean-Marie Floch\u27s many theoretical innovations, his rediscovery of Wölfflin marked a milestone in the history of semiotic theory; a rediscovery of a pre-structural structuralism accompanied by a considerable theoretical development in Floch\u27s work, enabling the \u27baroque vision\u27, opposed to the \u27classical vision\u27, to be extended far beyond the field that gave rise to it, even beyond aesthetic universes, to enter into the field of contemporary social communication (media, technology, politics, etc.). However, Claude Zilberberg\u27s proposals (notably in "Présence de Wölfflin", n. 23-24 of Nouveaux Actes Sémiotiques, 1992) have profoundly altered the theoretical perspective on the legacy of the famous art historian, and have led to a disagreement with Floch. By examining the status of the debate within the semiotic community, illustrated here by the unspoken differences between semioticians, we analyse these two "readings" of Wölfflin, their formal differences, their respective relationships withthe sensible, and their theoretical horizons -categorical on the one hand, tensive onthe other. We then highlight two points of divergence, concerning the status of affect and the problem of depth. We show the encroachments between the two approaches and their profound convergence. But above all, we suggest a possible way out of the controversy by analysing the classical/baroque distinction on a background ofperception and in terms of \u27rhythm\u27, i.e. as a variation in tension between the accentual events of a syntagmatic series. This brings into play the question of nuance, the non-resolution of accentual syntagms, and even discordance between accentual levels. This contribution to our knowledge of an essential phenomenon in the history of forms also raises the question of how to name it. Indeed, how can we name what constitutes, across so many language materials (non-verbal and verbal), so many fields ofcommunication, so many historical moments and contexts, an insistent weft within Western culture, at the very heart of its \u27grammar of expression\u27, of which the \u27classical/baroque\u27 opposition is basically only an exceptional, but local, emergence