International journal of physical sciences and engineering
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Performance test of single heater chili dryer with liquefied petroleum gas fuel
Get PDFChili farmers in rice fields without electricity need help to make a simple chili dryer to process chilies when the chili harvest is abundant. To overcome this, it is necessary to design a dryer with a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fueled heater. The main objective of this research is to make and test the performance of the chili dryer. The building of the dryer is made of 95% metal and the remaining 5% non-metallic material (wood) with a length of 60 cm, a width of 50 cm, and a height of 120 cm in which there are 6 chili tray slots. Furthermore, the entire process of testing the performance of the tool is carried out using only freshly picked chilies until dry chilies are obtained (20% initial weight). For the results of the first stage test (variation of drying temperature with an initial weight of chili set at 3 kg), it was found that the average drying time at each temperature of 70, 85 and 100oC was around 14.2; 9.3; and 6.5 hours
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risk analysis in the villa development project
Get PDFIn the process of working on a construction project, there is no such thing as a work accident, therefore it is necessary to take preventive measures. One of its efforts to prevent workplace accidents is the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (K3). K3 is a form of effort to ensure the integrity and perfection of the workforce, both physically and spiritually, to create protection and security from the risk of accidents and hazards both physically and mentally. The method used in this research is Hazzard Identification, Risk Assessment and Determining Control. The construction project of Vila House identified 82 occupational risks, therefore 42 risks are classified as low risk and 40 risks are classified as medium risk. The preventive measures that can be taken to minimize the risk of Occupational Health and Safety (K3) are Eliminate Unsafe Conditions and Unsafe action socialization/ Occupational Health and Safety (K3) training, as well as Use of proper and correct (Personal Protective Equipment) and (Work Protective Equipment)
Design of a photovoltaic system to cover the energy demand of a home in the Rocafuerte Canton, Manabí Province
Get PDFIn the present work, a photovoltaic system connected to the network and integrated into a house in the Rocafuerte canton, province of Manabí, is designed. For its development, the computer tool for sizing photovoltaic systems PVsyst was used, with which the annual production of electrical energy for the 8.8 kWp system was determined, losses were also analyzed due to the main factors such as shading, wiring, power electronics, photovoltaic array, angle of inclination, temperature and by the irradiance of the sun. In addition, the main parameters of the installed system provided data for planning electricity consumption. The results showed that the electrical energy generated can cover 84% of the demand of the house, in infrequent conditions, but with a projection to cover the entire demand in the months of less consumption. Which constitutes an alternative for the generation and obtaining of energy, taking advantage of available spaces in the houses
Energy planning in the Santa Ana Canton of the Manabí province
Get PDFThe accelerated increase in the demand for energy due to development and population growth involves increasing demands on resources. The diversity of typologies of the metropolis, reference to resources, requests, architectural conditions, infrastructure, or density, make a specific study important. The objective is to determine the most appropriate technology to be installed in the mode of distributed generation with renewable energy sources, the use of the geographic information system and qualitative and quantitative analysis was applied as a methodology. In the work, certain reference resources are identified for the organization process that would allow the selection of the most correct technology for the Santa Ana Canton in the province of Manabí, where the environmental resources that are sustained to make investments taking advantage of other types of clean energy were valued because the resource is the component with the most monumental preponderance, followed by economic conditions; On the other hand, it is detected that points of the environment such as climate change, eutrophication or acidification, are the least incidents, quick to choose technologies
Estimation of the position and potential of aquifers using geo-electrical methods in the framework of drill wells in volcanic areas
Get PDFWater sources in volcanic areas are rather difficult to obtain. For this reason, a method is needed to determine the existence of a water source. One of them is the Geoelectric method. In this study, the obtained resistivity physical quantities are used to determine the position and calculate the aquifer potential. In this study, three groups of rocks were found, namely, the rock group with resistivity values of 174 Ω.m – 400 Ω.m, this group is thought to have no water, not suitable for drilling. The rock group by resistivity 115 Ω.m - 174 Ω.m, this group is suspected of having water but little, not suitable for drilling. Rock group by the resistivity of 115 Ω.m below, namely at position 115-155 this area is the position of the aquifer, suitable for drilling, in this area, it is suspected that there is an aquifer with an average depth monitored by the tool 16.5 - 42.5 m or a thickness of 26 m. The transmissivity value obtained was 15.47 (m2/day)
Effect of x-ray tube voltage variation to value of contrast to noise ratio (CNR) on computed tomography (CT) Scan at RSUD Bali Mandara
Get PDFResearch has been conducted on the effect of variations in X-ray tube voltage to value of Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) on CT Scan at Bali Mandara Hospital using a phantom as a patient replacement. This research aims to determine the effect of X-ray tube voltage to the CNR value. Exposure factors used are X-ray tube voltage with variations of 80, 110, 120 and 135 kV, constant X-ray tube current of 150 mA and constant exposure time of 1 s. The readings of Io, Ib, and sb values in phantom images were performed using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software (64 bit) and analysis of the effect X-ray tube voltage on CNR values was determined by regression test. The results of the analysis show that the variation of the X-ray tube voltage has a significant effect on the CNR value, where the greater X-ray tube voltage, the greater the CNR value. When the X-ray tube voltage is adjusted to 135 kV, the optimal CNR values are 113.52 for air, 35.06 for derlin, 13.93 for acrylic, 10.44 for nylon and 12.19 for polypropylene
Eco-design of an air conditioning system decrease in carbon footprint
Get PDFThe appropriate use of energy is vital for the sustainable development of society in the different productive areas such as the industrial, commercial and domestic sectors, in this sense the machines must use suitable materials tending to reduce the contamination of water sources and soil, emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to energy consumption. In this context, the objective of the study focused on designing an air conditioning system based on the carbon footprint; life cycle analysis (LCA) and eco-designs were applied as a methodology, allowing to identify the categorization of the contaminant and its level of environmental impact, from the extraction of resources, manufacturing, distribution, use and final disposal. It was possible to evaluate the environmental impact referring to the functional unit of a split-type air conditioning system of 12,000 BTU of cooling capacity, obtaining as a result the carbon footprint with an annual carbon dioxide quantification of 722.8 tons of carbon dioxide. carbon (CO2), significantly representing the intensive use of the system and, on the other hand, the energy required for the manufacturing process of the refrigerant gas hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) R410 A
Design of air temperature and humidity measurement based on Arduino ATmega 328P with DHT22 sensor
Get PDFThe Arduino ATmega 328P-based temperature and humidity measuring instrument have been successfully designed. The ATmega 328P microcontroller functions to process data which is the output of the DHT22 sensor which receives data signals in the form of temperature and humidity. The results detected by the design of this tool are displayed on the LCD keypad shield. The calibration process for the design tool was carried out at the BMKG Sanglah Denpasar. The results of the calibration of the design tool with reference tools at BMKG show a good level of accuracy, namely 97.97% for air temperature and 99.35% for air humidity
Numerical study of frictional drag reduction using micro-bubbles in a vertical Couette-Taylor system
Get PDFIn this work, we numerically study the reduction of frictional drag in a vertical Couette-Taylor system by using micro-bubbles. The silicon flow is in the annular gap between two concentric cylinders as the internal cylinder is rotating while the outer cylinder is stationary. Taylor vortices are formed between the cylinders and the rotational Reynolds number also varies from 700 to 4500. The carrier flow is silicone while air bubbles are constantly injected into the carrier phase at the bottom of cylinders and rise through the flow. By employing a discrete phase model and Euler-Lagrange approach, we investigate a two-phase turbulent flow. In this way, we study the distribution of the bubbles through the flow, which is acquired using numerical modeling. Our numerical results are in good agreement with the experimentally reported data for different values of Reynolds numbers. We also investigate the effect of injected air with a constant flow rate on the skin friction drag and on the drag coefficient ratio. Our numerical results illustrate a reduction of drag about 36% when microbubbles are injected into the system. This reduction can be achieved by the effect of the bubbles on the density of the fluid and transformed momentum
Technical-economic analysis of the implementation of a microgrid with integration of renewable energies in the Esmeraldas Canton, Ecuador
Get PDFThe integration of renewable energy technologies and the consequent reduction in investment costs has led to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources (DER), which has allowed the deployment of more and more microgrids. Despite the many benefits that can be derived from microgrids, they still face many barriers to participating in the electricity industry compared to traditional grids. This paper proposes to address the implications of installing renewable energy in the parish 5 de Agosto, Stone Mine Sector of the city of Esmeraldas, through a technical-economic analysis of the implementation of a microgrid using the HOMER network software. The analysis shows that implementing a microgrid for renewable energy production significantly reduces total costs, unit energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions over the entire project life cycle. Finally, it is concluded that the photovoltaic matrix produces 82.3%, wind turbines 15.3% and the contribution from the grid is 2.45% of the total energy, respectively. The percentage of renewable energies in the system is 100%