2957 research outputs found
Sort by
Starobylé výmladkové lesy v krajině České republiky
Get PDFAncient coppice woodlands are forest stands of coppice origin with a long-term continual development and preserved typical natural and historic elements of old coppices. Significant natural elements in ancient coppices include polycormons of coppice shoots, pollard trees, trees with holes, dendrotelms, reserved trees, ecotones, glades and significant plant and animal species. Significant historic elements of localities with ancient coppices include archaeological monuments, boundary ditches and walls, boundary stones, boundary trees, myths and legends, sacral objects, old roads and paths, technical objects and plough land remainders. The paper presents differentiation of assumptions for the occurrence of ancient coppices in the territory of the Czech Republic using the COPF coefficient and examples of results from basic regional inventory (Kuřim region) and detailed local survey (locality Lebeďák) of coppice-originated forests. The extinction of the phenomenon of ancient coppice woodlands would mean irreparable impoverishment of the natural and cultural heritage.Za starobylé výmladkové lesy označujeme lesní porosty výmladkového původu s dlouhodobým kontinuálním vývojem a zachovanými typickými přírodními a historickými prvky starých pařezin. K významným přírodním prvkům ve starobylých pařezinách patří výmladkové polykormony, hlavaté stromy, doupné stromy, dendrotelmy, výstavky, ekotony, světliny a významné druhy rostlin a živočichů. Mezi významné historické prvky lokalit starobylých výmladkových lesů řadíme archeologické památky, hraniční příkopy a valy, hraniční kameny, hraniční stromy, pověsti a legendy, sakrální objekty, staré cesty a stezky, technické objekty a zbytky plužiny. V článku je prezentována diferenciace předpokladů výskytu starobylých pařezin na území České republiky s využitím koeficientu COPF a příklady výsledků základního regionálního (Kuřimsko) a podrobného lokálního (Lebeďák) průzkumu lokalit lesů výmladkového původu. Zánik fenoménu starobylých pařezin by znamenal nenapravitelné ochuzení přírodního a kulturního dědictví.O
Effect of ripening time on colour and texture properties in cheese
Get PDFThe group of semi-hard cheeses is quite heterogenous and there are distinctions between individual representatives of this group. The aim of this paper was a comparison the colour changes and texture properties of semi-hard pasta filata cheeses during ripening. Spectrophotometer Konica Minolta CM-3500d was used for the colour measurements of cheese samples. Color parameters L* a* b* were determined for the edge part and for the middle part of samples. The texture properties of cheese were measured by TIRATEST 27025. Measurements were made for part following the edge and the middle part of samples as well. During ripening of cheese samples there were observed statistically significant changes in the colour parameters of the edge part of oiled cheese. Total colour difference (ΔE *ab) during storage was the most noticeable in first 10 days of ripening. In compare with changes in a* parameter of the edge part of cheese samples, red tone (a* parameter) in the middle part of cheese samples did not show so large change. The measured strenght of edge part of the cheese samples was in range between from 7.44 N up to 23.49 N. Firmness of middle part varied from 4.46 N to 24.40 N in 60 days of maturating.O
Strategie Open Access a Open Science
Get PDFPublished VersionDokument Strategie Open Access a Open Science reaguje na národní i evropské požadavky na otevřenou vědu, shrnuje současnou praxi podpory v oblasti Open Access na univerzitě a zaměřuje se na přechod k Open Science. Dokument zahrnuje z pilířů Open Science rozvoj otevřeného publikování a otevírá problematiku správy, ukládání a zpřístupňování výzkumných dat. Dokument obsahuje analytickou a strategickou část a Akční plán na období 2023–2025. Druhý Akční plán na období 2026–2030 bude vypracován v roce 2025. Cílovou skupinou strategie Open Access a Open Science jsou zaměstnanci a studenti Mendelovy univerzity v Brně.The Open Access and Open Science strategy responds to national and European requirements for open science, summarizes the current practice of Open Access support at the university and focuses on the transition to Open Science. The document covers from the pillars of Open Science the development of open publishing and opens the issue of managing, storing and making research data available. The document contains an analytical and strategic part and an Action Plan for the period 2023-2025. The second action plan for the period 2026-2030 will be drawn up in 2025. The target group of the Open Access and Open Science strategies are the employees and students of Mendel University in Brno
A comparison of Living Standards Indicators
Get PDFThe paper is a comparison of living standards indicators as a measure of the prevailing situation for the citizens of selected EU countries. The indicators used for comparison were representative of economic, social and environmental influence factors. The indicators were compared by means of meta-analysis, comprising a selection of all 11 chosen indexes (with a set of calculated indicators) and living-standards focused studies. The selected methodology for the meta-analysis is a weighted multiple linear regression. The results of the meta-analysis point to those studies whose indexes show a positive effect and indexes which show a negative effect as regards living standards.O
Drug Addiction Treatment in Therapeutic Communities: Case Study from Peru, Nicaragua and Czechia
Get PDFCíl: Primárním cílem této případové studie bylo vytvořit zakotvenou teorii o léčbě drogové závislosti v terapeutických komunitách a zjistit, v čem se v peruánském, nikaragujském a českém kontextu shoduje a liší. Sekundárním cílem bylo objasnit, které účinné faktory mají vliv na efektivitu zkoumaných terapeutických komunit, vysvětlit, jakou roli v léčbě drogové závislosti hraje spiritualita a náboženství, a verifikovat výsledky předchozího výzkumu zaměřeného na retenci. Metody: Terénní výzkum, během nějž byla sbírána data při semi-strukturovaných interview s interními pacienty/klienty 7 terapeutických komunit, probíhal v letech 2013 až 2016. Výzkum byl realizován v Peru (Takiwasi), Nikaragui (Centro de Especialidades en Adicciones, CARA, AMAR) a České republice (Renarkon, Sejřek, Kladno-Dubí). Během terénního výzkumu bylo nahráno 90 interview o celkové délce 39 hodin. Veškeré rozhovory byly manuálně přepsány. U transkriptů o celkovém rozsahu 765 normostran byla provedena obsahová analýza. Během obsahové analýzy byly vytvořeny kódy, jež jsou uspořádány do modelu paradigmatu zakotvené teorie. Také byla zjištěna jejich zakotvenost, přičemž vybrané kódy byly použity při tvorbě zakotvené teorie. Shody a rozdíly mezi terapeutickými komunitami byly stanoveny na základě kódů s největší zakotveností. U vybraných statistických znaků jedinců ve výzkumném vzorku byla použita analýza rozptylu. Výsledky: Obsahová analýza ukázala, že největší zakotvenost v narativech informátorů mají 2 kódy: "účinné faktory TK" a "motivace". Analýza rozptylu potvrdila, že existuje statisticky vysoce průkazná závislost délky abstinence na délce předchozí léčby. Dále bylo zjištěno, že délka aktuální léčby nesouvisí s délkou předchozí léčby, délkou abstinence, dobou užívání drog, ani typem primární drogy. Délka aktuální léčby však souvisí s věkem, tzn. čím starší pacient/klient, tím je léčba delší. Závěr: S ohledem na účinné faktory terapeutické komunity se léčba v Peru, Nikaragui a Česku shoduje v přítomnosti osobního terapeuta, používání psychoterapie a ve významu kladeném na skupinovou soudržnost. V Peru se liší administrací rostlinných medikamentů a dietou, v Nikaragui spiritualitou, náboženstvím a praktikováním 12 kroků, v Česku důrazem kladeným na terepeutický program a zájmové aktivity. Co se motivace týče, významný rozdíl mezi peruánskými, nikaragujskými a českými pacienty/klienty zjištěn nebyl. Shoda panuje v tom, že největším motivačním faktorem jsou rodina a partnerské vztahy. Účinnými faktory obecně vzato jsou: spiritualita a náboženství, pravidla léčby, podpora v léčbě, skupinová soudržnost, genderové rozdíly, délka léčby, rostlinné medikamenty a model závislosti. V souvislosti se spiritualitou a náboženstvím bylo zjištěno, že tento aspekt hraje významnou roli v peruánských a nikaragujských terapeutických komunitách. Výsledky předchozího výzkumu zaměřeného na retenci byly potvrzeny.Objective: The primary objective of this case study was to create a grounded theory of drug addiction treatment in therapeutic communities and to find out what are the similarities and differences in the Peruvian, Nicaraguan and Czech contexts. The study also determines the factors that have seemingly had an influence on the efficiency of the therapeutic communities. The role of spirituality and religion in the drug addiction treatment is explained, and the results of previous research on retention are verified. Methods: The data for the study was collected during semi-structured interviews with inpatients/clients of 7 therapeutic communities, within the period between 2013 and 2016. The research was conducted in Peru (Takiwasi), Nicaragua (Centro de Especialidades en Adicciones, CARA, AMAR), and the Czech Republic (Renarkon, Sejrek, Kladno-Dubi). Similarly, 90 interviews with total duration 39 hours were recorded. All interviews were manually transcribed. Content analysis was performed for 765 standard pages of transcripts and codes were created. The codes were organized into a paradigm model of grounded theory, and the groundedness was determined. The selected codes were used to elaborate the grounded theory. Similarities and differences between therapeutic communities were identified based on the most grounded codes. The analysis of variance was used for some selected statistical characteristics of individuals in the research sample. Results: Content analysis showed that the two main codes in narratives of informants: "effective factors of TC" and "motivation". The analysis of variance confirmed that the length of abstinence and the length of previous treatment are strongly correlated. It was also found that the length of current treatment is not related to the length of previous treatment, length of abstinence, length of drug use, or type of primary drug. However, the length of current treatment is related to age, i.e. the older the inpatient/client, the longer the treatment. Conclusion: Considering the effective factors of the therapeutic community, treatment in Peru, Nicaragua and the Czech Republic is identical in the presence of a personal therapist, the use of psychotherapy, and the importance of group cohesion. In Peru, it differs in the administration of herbal medications and diet, in Nicaragua the difference is in spirituality and religion, and practicing 12 steps, while in the Czech Republic, emphasis is on the therapeutic program and leisure activities. In terms of motivation, no significant difference was found between the countries' inpatients/clients. There is a consensus that the greatest motivating factors are family and relationship of partners. In general, effective factors are: spirituality and religion, treatment rules, treatment support, group cohesion, gender differences, length of treatment, herbal medications, and model of addiction. In relation to spirituality and religion, it plays an important role in the Peruvian and Nicaraguan therapeutic communities. The results of previous research on retention have been confirmed.Published Versio
Amazonian Master Plants in Containment Mode as Accompanying Vehicle in Therapeutic Processes
No full textEn este capítulo se describen los efectos de las denominadas "plantas maestras" en "modo contención" utilizadas en los protocolos de intervención terapéutica de Centro Takiwasi. Se trata de una forma de preparación y administración de un conjunto de plantas tanto para el tratamiento de TCS como para la atención de pacientes externos sin este tipo de trastornos. Desde un enfoque etnográfico, se ha recolectado información a través de la observación participante, entrevistas a usuarios, revisión de la literatura acerca de las "plantas maestras" y la experiencia clínica de los investigadores en el acompañamiento psicoterapéutico de los pacientes. Ha sido posible describir las reglas que deben observarse para la toma segura de las "plantas maestras" y recibir los efectos benéficos que a nivel físico, emocional y espiritual tienen. También fue posible observar la integración del uso empírico de las "plantas maestras" en los procesos de salud-enfermedad, con la medicina alópata y la psicoterapia convencional que el Centro Takiwasi hace, siendo una innovación en esta integración llamar "modo contención" al uso de las "plantas maestras" fuera de un contexto de dieta en el proceso psicológico y terapéutico de los pacientes residentes y ambulatorios. Es así como, con base en la experiencia clínica, se logran describir los efectos que cada una de las plantas tiene en los distintos niveles de la persona, de acuerdo a su motivación y propio proceso de vida. La descripción de los efectos a otros niveles más que lo físico, corresponden a la experiencia del Centro Takiwasi, pues no existen registros en las tradiciones orales de esta práctica.In this chapter are described the effects of the so-called "master plants" in "containment mode" used in the therapeutic intervention protocols of Takiwasi. It is a form of preparation and administration of a set of plants both for the treatment of substance use disorders and for patients without such disorders. From an ethnographic approach, information has been collected through participant observation, user interviews, literature review about "master plants" and the clinical experience of researchers in the psychotherapeutic monitoring of patients. It has been possible to describe the rules that must be followed for the safe use of "master plants" and to receive the beneficial effects that they have on a physical, emotional, and spiritual level. It was observed also the integration of the empirical use of the "master plants" in the health-disease processes, with allopathic medicine and conventional psychotherapy that Takiwasi Center applies; an innovation in this integration to call "containment mode" to the use of "master plants" outside of a diet in the psychological and therapeutic treatment of residents and external patients. Thus, based on clinical experience, it was possible to describe the effects that each one of the plants have in different levels of the patient, according to their motivation and their own life process. The description of the effects at other levels besides the physical correspond to the experience of the Takiwasi Center since there are no records in the oral traditions of this practice.O
Chicken Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Applications: A Mini Review
Get PDFMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that adhere to plastic; express the specific markers CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105; and produce cytokines and growth factors supporting and regulating hematopoiesis. MSCs have capacity for differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes. They are useful for research toward better understanding the pathogenic potential of the infectious bursal disease virus, mineralization during osteogenesis, and interactions between MSCs as a feeder layer to other cells. MSCs are also important for immunomodulatory cell therapy, can provide a suitable strategy model for coculture with pathogens causing dermatitis disorders in chickens, can be cultured in vitro with probiotics and prebiotics with a view to eliminate the feeding of antibiotic growth promoters, and offer cell-based meat production. Moreover, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in coculture with hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (HPCs/HSCs) can support expansion and regulation of the hematopoiesis process using the 3D-culture system in future research in chickens. MSCs' several advantages, including ready availability, strong proliferation, and immune modulatory properties make them a suitable model in the field of stem cell research. This review summarizes current knowledge about the general characterization of MSCs and their application in chicken as a model organism.O
Willingness to Pay for Forest Existence Value and Sustainability
Get PDFUganda is richly endowed with flora and fauna. Until the early 2000s, most of the types of vegetation have remained natural/virgin forests and shrubs until recent years, when human activities have damaged them. Understanding the different ways that people value such endangered forest resources is very important. The main hypothesis in our study is that willingness to pay (WTP) for forest existence value and sustainability depends on the preference for the same values. In addition, we examined socioeconomic characteristics, such as sex, education, and household incomes, which could influence the WTP for forest existence value and sustainability. We carried out field questionnaire interviews with the aim of ascertaining Willingness to Pay (WTP) for forest existence. The WTP values were in a range between 1 and 200 USD based on the contingent valuation method (CVM). A sample with a size of 203 was interviewed in selected towns and villages in Uganda, and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. The cross-tabulation of the expressed preferences illustrates that 81.9% of the representative sample are willing to pay for forest existence value and sustainability. We concluded that the willingness to pay for forest existence significantly depends on the preference for forest existence values and sustainability. Our results equally express that the mean WTP in this region is 15 USD per year and that over 60% are willing to pay this amount. The socioeconomic determinants' results demonstrate heterogeneity and that over 90% of the respondents are willing to pay for forest existence, conservation, and sustainability.O
Consumer perception of food-to-go products
Get PDFThis paper is focused on the perception of Czech consumers of food-to-go products. The popularity and consumption of these products are growing around the Europe except the Czech Republic. The data in this article were collected through focus groups (n=32), eye-tracking and in-depth interviews (n=54). Focus groups and in-depth interviews identified that food-to-go category is purchased only occasional and in case of necessity. The main reason is culture and preferences of Czech consumers. The eye-tracking data showed differences in consumer's attention by observing different layouts from point of purchase. The research was realized during November 2016 in the Eye-tracking Laboratory at the Mendel University in Brno.O
Cultural ecosystem services of geodiversity: A case study from Stranska skala (Brno, Czech Republic)
Get PDFThe concept of ecosystem services developed in the second half of the 20th century, and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was crucial for its acceptance. This assessment identified the services that ecosystems provide to society, but geodiversity (as an indispensable component of ecosystems) was somewhat underestimated. At present, geodiversity is intensively used by human society and it provides numerous services including cultural as a resource for tourism, recreation, as a part of natural heritage, and to satisfy matters of spiritual importance. The main purpose of this paper is to present the geocultural issues of Stranska skala (a limestone cliff with caves and an anthropogenic underground) in Brno (Czech Republic) and to evaluate the cultural ecosystem services of geodiversity by using the abiotic ecosystem services approach. This assessment of cultural ecosystem services of the Stranska skala enables the identification and description of the functions and services which are provided by geodiversity and confirms the high cultural and geoheritage value of the site.O