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Species Diversity and Habitat Preferences of Aculeata (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Urban and Suburban Gardens in Brno-City (Czech Republic)
Get PDFI conducted a survey of aculeate Hymenoptera in urban and suburban gardens of Brno-city in August 2015. For my survey, I selected three individual gardens, and in each of them chose three type of microhabitats: tree, grass and patch. I used yellow pan traps for taxon sampling. Using this method, I recorded 382 specimens belonging to 76 species. Subsequently, the basic indices of species diversity in individual gardens were calculated, and statistical analyses of individual gardens and various microhabitats were created. I report large differences between the Aculeata taxa found in urban and suburban gardens. Habitat preferences of species between microhabitats were discovered as well. Furthermore, I report 14 species mentioned in the Red List of threatened species of the Czech Republic (Straka 2005a,b) (hereinafter referred to as Red List); as well as one invasive species Isodontia mexicana (Saussure, 1867) and one species Pison atrum Spinola, 1808 recently reported as new for the Czech Republic (reported after the publication of the Red List itself).O
The Impact of the pH1 Value and the Length of Carcass on the Quality of Slaughtered Pigs of the Hybrid Combination (CLW x CL) x D
Get PDFThe goal of this thesis was to establish the impact of the pH1 value and the length of carcass on the quality of slaughtered pigs of the hybrid combination (CLW x CL) x D. The slaughtered pigs were divided into four groups depending on the measured pH1. The first group of pigs (n = 18) had pH1 value of less than 6.00, the second group included pigs (n = 53) with its value ranging from 6.00 to 6.20, the third group (n = 76) with pH1 values ranging from 6.21 to 6.40 and the fourth group included the most pigs (n = 103), with an established pH1 value higher than 6.40. The pigs were divided into the three following groups on the basis of carcass length: < 800 mm, 800-900 mm, > 900 mm. An average pH1 value of 6.36 was measured in the monitored group of slaughtered pigs in the present study. PSE defects were established in the meat of 4 dressed carcasses, which was 1.6% of all of the assessed slaughtered pigs. The average length of the dressed carcass in the pigs was determined on the level of 842 +- 4.05 mm. The average slaughter weight of the pigs fell along with increasing measured pH1 value. The highest average price per 1 kg of dressed carcass (44.50 +- 2.29 CZK) was established in pigs, which had a measured pH1 value ranging from 6.21 to 6.40. On the contrary, the lowest average price per 1 kg of dressed carcass (42.49 +- 4.30 CZK) was determined for pigs with the pH1 value of < 6.00. The average slaughter weight of the pigs increased along with the increasing values of the length of the dressed carcass.O
Faunistic Study on Spiders (Araneae) in the Špraněk National Nature Reserve with Suggestion to Conservation Management of the Locality
Get PDFSpiders (Araneae) are a classic indicator taxon for evaluating the health of natural environments. Here, spiders from the forest ecosystems in Špraněk National Nature Reserve (Olomoucký Region) were investigated. A total of 1195 specimens were collected by pitfall traps, individual collection, sweeping herb vegetation, beating shrubs and trees, and shifting leaf litters. Currently, 126 species from 23 families from April to October 2013 were recorded. The species diversity in the Špraněk area is rather high, representing approximately 14 % of Czech araneofauna. The most abundant species were Pardosa alacris and Xerolycosa nemoralis from the family Lycosidae. Of the identified species, 15 species were found listed in the Red List of Threatened Species in the Czech Republic (EN - 1 species, VU - 5 species, LC - 9 species). Several findings represent the northernmost occurrences of rare thermophilic spiders in Moravia and even the Czech Republic. In addition, the author proposed management methods of the locality and suggests management efforts which can improve conditions for biodiversity within the studied area.O
Amendments to IAS 16 and IAS 41: Are There Any Differences between Plant and Animal from a Financial Reporting Point of View?
Get PDFThe aim of the paper is the evaluation of appropriateness of different ways for the measurement and reporting of different groups of biological assets. There are two possible ways of their measurement - cost and fair value. The substance of all kinds of biological assets differs significantly, especially for plants and animals. The single way for measurement of all kinds of biological assets is not satisfactory. The most significant difference is observable between bearer plants and biological assets in the form of living animals. The authors took into account a majority of factors influencing quality of individual ways of measurement, and evaluated the application of the above-mentioned methods for representatives of both kinds of biological assets (apple orchard and dairy cows). The results of the study proved that the historical cost is the suitable way of bearer plants measurement, while the fair value measurement is more suitable for measurement of living animals.O
Evaluation of efficiency of technologies for wastewater sludge hygienisation
Get PDFThe paper compares the methods of hygienisation of wastewater treatment plants sludges with respect to meet legislative requirements of conditions for using the treated sludge on agricultural land. The paper draws a comparison of the experimental results between the method of hygienisation and stabilisation of the sludge through the autothermic aerobic thermophilic stabilisation (AATS) by pure oxygen and the method of sludge hygienisation by pasteurization. Results of the experiment confirm that sewage sludge treated by both assessed hygienisation technologies meets legislation requirements for application to agricultural soil.O
Influencer Impact on Brand Awareness: A Mixed Method Survey in the German Fashion Segment
Get PDFThis study evaluates the impact of influencer marketing on consumers. Although online influencers are long established in German B2C markets, research in the field is scarce. Marketing managers are unsure how influencer marketing strategies should be drafted and which influencers should be recruited in order to maximize their marketing efforts at the consumer level. Based on a review of previous theoretical and empirical literature, a mixed method empirical study comprising semistructured interviews with three German fashion influencers and a consumer survey (N = 385) among the followers of these influencers are conducted to evaluate the impact of influencer activity on consumer followership, brand awareness and purchase intention. Results indicate that the intensity of influencer network involvement, intrinsic influencer motivation, authenticity of communication style and the real-life character of influencer posts increase the dependent variables. Hence, the empirical study has contributed to identify the most important determiners for the German B2C fashion influencer segment. Marketing managers are strongly advised to select influencers adequately and organize their marketing strategy in correspondence with their company and products.O
Land Tenure in Latin America: from Land Reforms to Counter-Movement to Neoliberalism
Get PDFLatin America, with a Gini coefficient for land of 0.79, is the world's most unequal region in terms of land distribution. Land inequality is one of the greatest impediments to Latin American societies for achieving sustainable development and economic growth. Many studies have demonstrated how an unequal land concentration affects the quality of democracy and social cohesion and inhibits economic growth. Land is the main and in many cases the only asset for millions of rural households in the region and Land tenure can mean the difference between subsistence and extreme poverty. The present work reviews the agrarian reform processes that were experienced in part of Latin America and examines the impacts of the subsequent neoliberal reforms on land tenure, land and capital concentration. Finally it focuses on the need of a new distribution of land in order to achieve higher levels of Socio-Economic equality an also meet the Sustainable Development Goals in the region.O
The Specifics of the Internationalization Process of Czech SMEs in the Food Industry
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to define the specifics of the internationalization process of Czech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food industry. The food industry is the largest manufacturing sector in the EU which consists mainly of SMEs. However, in the Czech Republic it has to face increasing imports of foreign food products because of growing globalization, while exports lag behind. Thus, enterprises should be encouraged to internationalize in a greater extent to maintain their competitiveness. The paper explores the main motives, barriers and risks involved in internationalization as perceived by these enterprises. The results are based on primary data obtained by questionnaire surveys performed among Czech food industry SMEs, thus it is based on data about SME's real experiences and perception of interntaionalization process. According to our results, Czech SMEs from food industry are driven to internationalize mainly by their efforts to grow or by unsolicited foreign demand for their product. However, as the biggest barriers are perceived those connected with the lack of knowledge about foreign market and administrative requirements. The identified motives and barriers are compared with results of similar researches from Slovakia and Poland. Moreover, the results of Czech SMEs risk perception in internationalization are depicted in risk matrix which assess not only the effect of risk but also the possibility of its occurrence.O
Wayusa: Biochemical Characteristics and Specific Cultural Aspects of its Use
No full textDurante la investigación nos enfocamos en la determinación de la actividad antioxidante y el contenido total de polifenoles en la wayusa. La descripción de los métodos aplicados se presenta en este capítulo. La wayusa, desde el punto de vista ancestral, para el pueblo shuar, se caracteriza por ser una bebida energizante que es ingerida en horas de la madrugada y en ayunas, con el fi n de purifi car el organismo y proveerlo de energía durante todo el día. Esta tradición aún se mantiene pese a los cambios que ha vivido el territorio shuar, entre los que fi guran la expansión agrícola y ganadera. La wayusa es considerada una planta medicinal que según relatos de chamanes cuando se toma dicha infusión a primeras horas de la mañana, brinda protección contra los peligros de la selva, y a las mujeres les provee de fertilidad. Una parte del ritual consiste en contar los sueños de los participantes y poder descifrar su interpretación por medio de la bebida de la wayusa. Hoy en día, se puede apreciar cómo algunas comunidades shuar, tratan de reivindicar su tradición oral y su conocimiento ancestral por medio de la revalorización de wayusa que es parte de su identidad.During the research we focused on the determination of the antioxidant activity and the total content of polyphenols in wayusa. The description of the applied methods is presented in this chapter. Wayusa, from the ancestral point of view, for the Shuar people, is characterized by being an energizing drink that is ingested in the early morning and on an empty stomach, in order to purify the body and provide it with energy throughout the day. This tradition is still maintained despite the changes that the Shuar territory has undergone, among which are agricultural and livestock expansion. Wayusa is considered a medicinal plant that according to shamans' accounts, when ingested in the early morning hours, provides protection against the dangers of the jungle, and provides women with fertility. A part of wayusa ritual consists of counting the dreams of the participants and being able to decipher their interpretation by means of the drink. Currently, it is possible to see how some Shuar communities try to claim their oral tradition and ancestral knowledge through the revaluation of wayusa that is part of their identity.Published Versio
Soil Microbial Functional Diversity under the Single-Season Influence of Traditional Forest Management in a Sessile Oak Forest of Central Europe
Get PDFThis one-year study focuses on the responses of a soil environment to the implementation of traditional forest management practices in oak-hornbeam stands with the following treatments: cut (C), cut + litter raking (CR), cut + grazing (CG), cut + litter raking + grazing (CRG) and control (Ctrl). The cut was conducted in 2018 through extremely heavy thinning. In autumn of 2017 and 2018, we sampled the soils, focusing on microbial functional diversity (FD) assessments using BIOLOG EcoplateTM. After one season, the FD was the highest in the Ctrl stand and the lowest in the CRG stand. Furthermore, we detected significant seasonal differences in soil reaction, nitrate nitrogen content, phosphatase activity and microbial biomass among the treatments. In particular, the Ctrl stand was defined via FD indices and biochemical and biological soil properties that contrasted mainly with those of the CRG stand defined by the content of mineral nitrogen forms. The soil properties did not differ substantially in the remaining treatments. Of the 31 carbon sources defining FD, 6 were treatment-specific (putrescine, L-arginine, L-serine, L-threonine, D-cellobiose and glycogen), while the remaining carbon sources mainly displayed either uniform high or low activity across the treatments.O