2957 research outputs found
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Crop sensing for variable rate application of fertilizers and pesticides
No full textMetodika se zaměřuje na technologie a metody hodnocení stavu porostů polních plodin pomocí senzorových měření a jejich uplatnění při lokálně cílené aplikaci hnojiv. Popisuje základní principy diagnostiky výživného stavu porostů pozemním a dálkovým spektrálním měření a mapování plošné variability půdních podmínek vč. přehledu technologií dostupných pro zemědělskou praxi. Cílem je seznámit uživatele s nejmodernějšími postupy pro zefektivnění využívání agrochemických látek při pěstování plodin.This methodology is focused on technologies and methods for assessing of crop stands by using sensor measurement, and its implementation for variable rate application of fertilizers. It describes main principles of plant nutrient diagnosis by proximal and remote sensing, the digital soil mapping aproaches including an overview of available technologies for farmers. The aim is to introduce users with the most advanced approaches for an effective usage of agrochemical inputs in crop management.Published Versio
Foundations of Autoethnography on Recovery from Mental Disorders
No full textPrimárním cílem této knihy je navrhnout autoetnografii jako metodu pro výzkum zotavení z duševních poruch. Data pro studii byla shromažďována smíšenými metodami po dobu 90 dní od října 2022. Kniha primárně vzešla z nestrukturovaných rozhovorů mezi autory, ale je založena i na systematické literární rešerši odborných článků publikovaných o autoetnografii a duševních poruchách za posledních 5 let. Při přípravě knihy byl také použit terénní deník prvního autora, ambulantního pacienta na psychiatrickém oddělení ve vybrané veřejné nemocnici v České republice, a také data z aplikace eMoods Insights, která je určena pro sledování nálady. V textu jsou rovněž zahrnuty dosud nepublikované básně a obrazy Miro Krída. Obsah shromážděných dat byl analyzován a interpretován podle paradigmat psychoanalýzy a kritické teorie. Kniha je tak dokladem toho, že autoetnografie může k zotavení z duševních poruch přispět.The primary objective of this book is to promote autoethnography as a research method with a special focus on mental disorders. Mixed data for the study was collected for 90 days since October 2022. The book primarily came out of unstructured interviews between the authors, but it is also based on the systematic literature review of journal articles published about autoethnography and mental disorders in the last 5 years. The field diary of the first author, an outpatient at the Department of Psychiatry situated in a selected public hospital in the Czech Republic, as well as data from eMoods Insights, a mood tracking app, were used in the book preparation too. The main text also includes previously unpublished poems and paintings by Miro Kríd. The content of the collected data was analyzed and interpreted in the framework of psychoanalysis and critical theory paradigm. The book thus provides an evidence of how can autoethnography contribute to mental disorders recovery.Published Versio
Trends in Air Temperature and Precipitation in Southeastern Czech Republic, 1961-2020
Get PDFThis study presents a summary of sixty years of air temperature and precipitation measurements at the Žabčice weather station, located in the southeastern Czech Republic and operated by Mendel University in Brno. An instrumental dataset spanning two climatological normal periods (1961-1990 and newly established 1991-2020) is analyzed for long term linear trends with monthly data presented in full span in Appendices. In the new climate normal period, the mean annual temperature increased from 9.3 oC to 10.3 oC with growing trend of 0.34 oC/10 years (p < 0.001). Every calendar month of year is warmer, with the highest and fastest increase in August (+2.0 oC, 0.64 oC/10 years, p < 0.001) and the lowest in October (+0.2 oC). Annual precipitation sum increased negligibly (+11.1 mm), however, the quarterly distribution significantly changes towards drier second quarter (-22.9 mm, p < 0.05) and wetter third quarter (+37.1 mm, p < 0.05). Number of tropical days (maximum daily air temperature > 30 oC) significantly increased (+4.44/10 years, p < 0.001), whereas number of frost days is negligibly decreasing (-0.88/10 years). Temperature derived Huglin index for vineyards increased by 369 oC to a seasonal sum 2062 oC (+84 oC/10 years, p < 0.001). This study provides evidence of the rate of changing climate at this southern Moravia lowland site.O
Barriers to the Implementation of Smart Projects in Rural Areas, Small Towns, and the City in Brno Metropolitan Area
Get PDFThe implementation of smart projects can contribute to solving the current development problems of municipalities and cities of varied sizes. Although the concept of smart development is a vague term in the literature, in practice it refers to projects based on the use of modern technologies, to improve the quality of life considering economic, social, and environmental dimensions. However, not all local governments in the Czech Republic implement smart projects, even though the smart city concept is currently receiving considerable attention from national governments and from the European Union. This paper characterizes the perception of barriers to the implementation of smart projects from the perspective of fifteen representatives and officials of local governments located in the Brno Metropolitan Area in the Czech Republic. The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with these fifteen territorial actors. It was found that the barriers to the implementation of smart projects are related to internal factors in the municipalities, such as the lack of interest of municipal leaders and officials or potential technical complications accompanying the implementation of projects. However, external factors such as the Czech government's vague grasp of the smart cities concept or cyber threats also play a role. Perceived barriers were categorized according to their type and schematized.O
Implications of the nature of forestry and wood enterprises in Latvia
No full textLatvia has a significantly developed forestry sector, which accounts for the largest share of the state's income under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture. Latvian State Forests manages a forest area of 1.4 million hectares, but the total managed area reaches 1.6 million hectares. The Total turnover of Latvia's State forests in 2021 reached 405.3 million euros. Irrespective of the success of the forest sector in Latvia, the structure and organization suffer setbacks such as the imperfections such as misinformation and other poor practices to the forest owners that benefit wood-buying companies and other countries such as Sweden. Understing the Latvian forest sector's challenges could improve it to meet the sustainability aspects, private forest owner needs, and welfare in the forest business. We conducted and presented qualitative and exploratory studies on Latvian forests at the macro level. Moreover, the study demonstrates the implications of the nature of forestry and wood enterprises in Latvia as well as recommendations for forest sustainability.Published Versio
Anaerobic Fermentation of Silage from the Above-Ground Biomass of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and Maize (Zea mayse L.) as a New and Promising Input Raw Material for Biogas Production
Get PDFResearch of new input raw materials for biogas plants is a very actual topic. There are only a very few studies dealing with the possibility of using silage prepared from the above-ground parts of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and maize (Zea mayse L.) for methane production. This study deals with the determination of methane production and methane content in biogas during the fermentation of maize silage with dissimilar additions of the biomass of the Jerusalem artichoke (JA). Except for the effect of the JA's addition on the yield of methane, we also studied its potential influence on the inhibition of the process of anaerobic digestion and the bacterial and methanogenic archaeal composition of anaerobic digestate. There were five model silages prepared; two of them contained only maize or JAs, and the remaining three were mixtures of maize and JA silages (30%wt; 50%wt and 70%wt). The fermentation tests showed that the JA addition (from 30 to 70%wt) resulted in the production of biogas decreasing, on average, by 15%. Based on the performed metagenomic analysis, we cannot confirm an essential influence of JA biomass addition on the composition of the community of microorganisms during fermentation.O
The Effect of Selected Factors on the Strength of Stitches of Upholstery Faux Leather
Get PDFWith their properties, upholstery covering materials significantly influence the quality of upholstered products. These materials form the surface layer of upholstered furniture; any damage to this material is immediately visible to the user. We consider the stitches connecting the covering fabrics to be one of the critical points of the upholstered surface, therefore they must have the required strength. Faux leather is one of the most used upholstery materials. The main aim of the paper is to determine the effect of upholstery faux leather, stitch length, point needle, and needle size on the strength of the stitches and the seam efficiency. The results of the experiment proved the suitability of using a sewing needle LR for joining covering materials such as faux leathers. The highest force to seam a rupture in the joints was achieved in the direction of the warp yarns of the underlying layer of PU (Polyurethane) faux leather with a stitch length of 4 mm and needle type LR/90. The highest seam efficiency was achieved with seams in the direction of the weft yarns of the PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) faux leather underlying layer with a stitch length of 4 mm and needle type LR/90. If the underlying layer of faux leather is a fabric with canvas binding, a higher seam efficiency of joints is assumed.O
Elasto-plastic material model of oak at two moisture content levels
Get PDFThe mechanical properties of wood show a very high dependence on the moisture content (MC). A consideration of MC in numerical simulations increases the applicability of such prediction with respect to application and moisture states of the wood material. The goal of this work is to develop an accurate orthotropic elasto-plastic model for oak wood (Quercus robur L.) at two different MC levels applicable for finite element analysis (FEA). To achieve this goal, the following steps were carried out: (a) in-house standard specimens tests in compression, tension, and shear and in all three orthogonal directions, followed by three-point bending, where all specimens were conditioned to a 12 and 25.6% MC, prior to the mechanical test; (b) integration of all obtained material characteristics into the consistent numerical material models; (c) validation of the developed material models by comparing the numerically predicted values with the experimental ones; and (d) iterative calibration of the material models by adjusting the individual material characteristics to minimize error using a reference. Material models were successfully developed with the following mean relative errors: 5.2% for 12% MC and 5.8% for 25.6% MC, respectively. Both numerical material models consistently predicted the oak elasto-plastic response that can be easily integrated into any FEA.OA-hybri
Fatty acid and amino acid profiles in muscle longissimus lumborum et thoracis of the indigenous Prestice Black-Pied pig breed in comparison with a commercial pig hybrid
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to analyse the fatty acid profile (FA) and amino acid profile (AA) in the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) in two contrast pig populations. The study was carried out on a total of 39 pigs (19 barrows and 20 gilts) of the indigenous Prestice Black-Pied Pig (PB) and 37 pigs (17 barrows and 20 gilts) of the three-breed commercial hybrid of Large White x Landrace x Large Whitesireline (CH). The pigs were kept in the same conditions of diet and management. The slaughter was carried out at the average weight of 95 kg. Sex of the evaluated pigs was also taken into account. The CH pigs showed lower contents of saturated FA (p < 0.01), monounsaturated FA (MUFA; p < 0.05) and a higher content of n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA; p < 0.05), more favourable health indexes, expressed as lower values of atherogenic (p < 0.001), thrombogenic (p < 0.001) and saturation (saturated/unsaturated FA) index (p < 0.001) and positively higher values of hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic FA ratio (p < 0.01). The gilts showed lower content of MUFA (p < 0.05). Significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects between genotype and sex were recorded for the caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, α-linolenic and γ-linolenic acid (p < 0.01), with the highest content found in PB barrows. Differences in the AA profiles in the MLLT muscle were only minimal. The PB pigs showed higher proportion (p < 0.05) of threonine, isoleucine and aspartic acid. Higher proportions of threonine and valine were observed in barrows (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the evaluated populations of pigs are characterised by significantly different composition of FA. The health indexes suggest more favourable values in the meat of CH pigs.O
Particle Number of Aerosol in Specific Conditions of Biotechnology Laboratory Cleanroom
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of experimental measurements of the number of aerosol particles in cleanroom air of a biotechnology laboratory for DNA analysis. The aerosol content in the air can harm the accuracy of any analysis performed. The experimental measurements demonstrate compliance with the ISO cleanroom requirements for class 7. The indoor environment of the investigated biotechnology laboratory cleanroom can be classified as ISO cleanroom class 8. The particle count values depend on the month in which the measurement is made. The location of the measurement site, on the other hand, does not have too much influence. Our results showed that the values of particle number in the laboratory ranged from 325,965 to 2,740,877 pc/m3 for particles of 0.5 μm and more. From these measurements, it can be concluded that the biotechnology laboratory premises were not very suitable locations to perform for the intended DNA tests since microbiological contamination had the capacity to distort the results of these tests. As such, the authors propose several strategies to improve the current situation. These strategies are based on changing the laboratory work organization and cleaning methodology. In addition, the monitoring of particles with a size of 5 µm or more is recommended.O