2957 research outputs found
Sort by
Urban Soil Chemistry and Tree Nutrition under the Impact of Winter Maintenance Salts Application on Pavements
Full text linkUrban soil is under the influence of winter maintenance of roads and pavements using de-icing salts. Water-soluble salts (chlorides mainly) are typical of high mobility and effect on soil chemistry and plants. This study deals with the impact of de-icing salts applied to winter maintain the pavement and road surface on soil chemistry and tree nutrition. Soil chemistry was observed in the Třinec city (Czech Republic) during two winter seasons with three soil sample collection periods (December 2018; February 2019 and February 2020; 8 sampling zones - streets and parks; the sampling depths of 5-15 cm in the 0.5 to 7 m distance from pavements). The tree nutrition was studied at 5 sites where the soil samples and leaves were collected in the December 2019 (5 sampling sites and 2 sampling depths for each tree). High alkalinity of the soil resulted both from water-soluble salt content and carbonates. Winter maintenance of pavements resulted in the different increase in the soil reaction and electrical conductivity, compared Feb. 2019 and 2020. Plant nutrition was characteristic of the increased content of chlorides in one case and slight soil and leaves nutrient ratio imbalance. Compared to roads, winter maintenance of pavements performed with de-icing chemicals will not pose the hazardous environmental risk factor within the current intensity.O
Reliability of fire danger forecasts for Czech agricultural and forestry landscapes
Full text linkBackground: The increasing threat of fire caused by ongoing climate change requires accurate and timely prediction for the effective management of extreme fire situations. The limited research on the connection between fire danger metrics and the occurrence of wildfires in the forested and agricultural landscapes of the Czech Republic underscores the need to better understand how to properly quantify fire danger in the context of Central Europe. This study focused on assessing the accuracy of fire danger prediction with respect to the number of wildfires in different geographic regions of the Czech Republic and provided new insights into central European fire ecology. Results: We found that the fire season in the Czech Republic has two peaks, in spring and summer, with regional differences in the total number of wildfires. Analyses of fire danger via the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) and Australian Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) for the years 2018-2022 revealed that the IFS numerical weather prediction model is the most suitable for conditions in the Czech Republic. A linear regression model showed a high predictive capability for the total number of wildfires in the Czech Republic, with an observed R-squared value of 0.81 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 5.19 wildfires with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 4.94-5.44. Additionally, the second model, which utilized a linear model with random effects to account for regional variability, had an R-squared value of 0.34 and an MAE of 1 wildfire (95% CI +-3), indicating that the inclusion of regional correction coefficients (random effects) enhanced the prediction accuracy. Conclusions: This study provides key insights into fire danger prediction in relation to the number of wildfires. With this model, it is possible to predict how many wildfires may occur at specific values of the FWI and FFDI in individual regions (NUTS 3) of the Czech Republic. This information can be used for more effective readiness planning for human resources and fire equipment while also contributing to the enhancement of general knowledge in the field of fire science in the context of central Europe.O
Chemical composition of the protein complex of linseed cake obtained from seeds of a new variety of Kazakh selection
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the protein complex and some other selected values (e.g. the representation and proportion of amino acids in crude protein) of linseed cake from the flax (Linnum sativum) variety 'Kostanay 11', which is widely grown in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The values were chosen to assess the suitability and benefits of including 'Kostanay 11' in livestock and poultry feed. This cake composition of the 'Kostanay 11' variety was then compared with the 'Northern' and 'Golden' flax varieties, which are more widely grown in the area. The amino acid composition of linseed cake was further compared with other cakes used for feeding livestock and poultry. For example, soya and sunflower products, which are the most popular worldwide. Only for this new variety of linseed - Kostanay11 (and only for linseed cake) was the chemical analysis carried out directly in the Institute's laboratory. The values obtained were then compared with those given in the standards used by the feed industry. All the research and subsequent data comparison leads us to the conclusion that the linseed cakes of the new Kostanay 11 variety are fully sufficient as one of the components of feed for animal nutrition. According to our findings, its nutritional value is not only equal to that of other flax varieties grown in Kazakhstan, but in many parameters, it even reaches the quality of the most desirable soybean cakes.O
State of Perception and Knowledge of Bioeconomy in Selected European Universities
Full text linkSustainable bioeconomy is one of the concepts that makes it possible to achieve the European Green Deal. A similar understanding of the term bioeconomy gives the opportunity to simultaneously take proportionate actions leading to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in EU countries. Parallel understanding of the concept of bioeconomy is crucial for achieving a common consensus on actions aimed at introducing optimal plans for the development of green technologies. Therefore, the goal of the paper was to compare knowledge and perception about the bioeconomy in different countries. Realization of the work's objective was possible thanks to the use of the C&RT classification tree method. It was shown that the level of knowledge of respondents working or studying at selected universities was similar, while their perception of the bioeconomy differed significantly.O
Species spectrum and abundance of moths (Lepidoptera) in the greenhouse culture of Solanum lycopersicum
Full text linkThe species spectrum and abundance of moths were monitored in a greenhouse in Kameničany (western Slovakia) in 2020, in which Solanum lycopersicum was grown from seedlings imported from the Netherlands. Moths were caught using light traps placed at different sites in two sections of the greenhouse, a part with continuous cultivation and a part with culture restoration during research. Captures were taken during June, October and November. A total of 836 individuals of 87 species from 14 families were recorded. Of the moths captured, 12 species (99 individuals) were saprophagous, 45 species (624 individuals) were specialists not developing on Solanaceae, 9 species (22 individuals) were polyphagous on herbs or woody plants with unlikely developments on Solanaceae, 14 species (68 individuals) were polyphagous which development on tomato is possible, and 7 species (23 individuals) were polyphagous that could damage tomato plants. All of these 7 potential pests were native owlet moths (Noctuidae) that penetrated into the greenhouse from the surrounding area. None of these species was recorded in numbers to indicate their harmfulness. No species were found that may have been introduced with the seedlings.O
Flora of South Moravian vineyards and the education of the elderly citizens
No full textVegetation surrounds and accompanies us at every step. Vineyards are a specific landscape element typical for South Moravia. From a botanical point of view vineyards are a very distinctive environment which is also reflected in their species variety. Species with common occurrence as well as weeds can be found in the vineyards. Endangered species, and on other hand invasive species also form a part of vineyards. The diversity of vineyard vegetation can be used in the education of elderly citizens. Human senses such as sight, touch and smell can be used to identify plant species. Physical movement, learning about the plant traits and employment of human senses motivate human memory and evoke memories. Wide-ranging stimulation enables better memorization of new information. Learning about the vegetation of the vineyards provokes diverse interactions that are very important in the education of elederly citizens. The combination of exercise and education is an interesting option for recreation of elderly citizens.Published Versio
Effect of weather, nitrogen fertilizer, and biostimulators on the root size and yield components of Hordeum vulgare
Full text linkIn this study, the effect of nitrogen doses (52, 80, 110, 140 kg/ha N) and the application of biostimulant preparations containing Ascophyllum nodosum L. algae extract were assessed. During the years 2018-2019, the influence of the preparations on the electrical capacity of the roots (C R) and yield components of spring barley was determined. Root electrical capacitance was determined in growth stages 45-50, 55-65, and 70-75 according to the BBCH-scale. The best phases of vegetation growth for the application of biostimulators with Ascophyllum nodosum extract were the barley tillering and elongation phases. This application increased C R while reducing the amount of N required to achieve similar or higher production of barley yield components compared to high N treatments. The root electrical capacitance, the number of productive tillers, and the number of grains per plant were significantly influenced (p > 0.05) by the weather of the year. The number of productive tillers was closely correlated with C R (r = 0.912ASTERISK OPERATORASTERISK OPERATOR) as well as the number of grains per plant (r = 0.859ASTERISK OPERATORASTERISK OPERATOR) and their weight (r = 0.850ASTERISK OPERATORASTERISK OPERATOR). These relationships were the highest at the beginning of the grain formation (BBCH 70-75). Foliar biostimulation was not very effective in the dry year of 2018. The problem may be the foliar application itself. The effect of foliar application is strongly dependent on weather conditions and may be ineffective in many cases. We recommend the foliar application of effective biostimulants in tillering and elongation phases. They can reduce production costs and environmental pollution by reducing the amount of fertilizer needed while maintaining yields.O
Two new species of Trichocomaceae (Eurotiales), accommodated in Rasamsonia and Talaromyces section Bacillispori, from the Czech Republic
Full text linkDuring a previous study on microfungi associated with clematis roots, Penicillium-like fungi were isolated and identified based on morphology. In this study, we subjected those strains to a detailed examination which led to the proposal of two taxonomic novelties, named Rasamsonia chlamydospora and Talaromyces clematidis. The first taxon is characterized by rough-walled mycelium, acerose to flask shaped phialides, cylindrical conidia and by production of chlamydospore-like structures. The four-loci-based phylogeny analysis delineated the taxon as a taxonomic novelty in Rasamsonia. Talaromyces clematidis is characterized by restricted growth on Czapek yeast extract agar, dichloran 18% glycerol agar and yeast extract sucrose agar, and production of yellow ascomata on oatmeal agar. Phylogenetic analyses placed this taxon as a taxonomic novelty in Talaromyces sect. Bacillispori. Both taxa are introduced here with detailed descriptions, photoplates and information on their phylogenetic relationship with related species.O
Reform of the matura exam in secondary industrial schools in Czechoslovakia in the years 1954–1958
No full textTématem příspěvku je prezentace jedné z dílčích reforem v oblasti středního odborného školství v socialistickém Československu. Konkrétně zachycuje proměnu, dočasné zrušení a znovuobnovení maturitní zkoušky na středních průmyslových školách v období let 1954-58. Příspěvek je založen na datech získaných studiem dobových pedagogických periodik, dobové legislativy a archivních pramenů uložených v Národním archivu v Praze a Archivu města Brna.The topic of the contribution is the presentation of one of the reforms in the field of secondary vocational education in socialist Czechoslovakia. Specifically, it captures the transformation, the temporary cancellation and reinstatement of the matura exam at secondary technical schools in the period 1954-58. The paper is based on data obtained from the study of contemporary pedagogical periodicals, contemporary legislation and archival sources stored in the National Archive and Brno City Archive.Published Versio
Ethnobotany as a Tool for the Support of the Education and the Recreation of the Elderly
No full textEthnobotany offers an opportunity to use local vegetation to promote active movement for the elderly in recreation and education. A walk through selected habitat, combined with plant identification, helps to train concentration and stimulate a human mind. Identifying plant species involves the senses of sight, touch and smell. The use of multiple senses increases sensitivity and interest in the environment while encouraging the natural need to move and discover new information. Correct identification of plant species provides valuable information that is relevant and interesting according to individual preferences of the elderly. Aesthetically attractive and medicinal plants are particularly popular with elderly. Physical exercise, knowledge of plant characters, and the use of the senses motivate memory and recall. The combination of exercise and education is an interesting and valuable recreational option for the elderly.Published Versio