International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics - IJAFAME
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Assurance automobile : Analyse de l’impact des déterminants de commutation sur le comportement des assurés au moment de la souscription des contrats d’assurance à l’échéance
Full text linkThe success of organizations depends not only on customer loyalty, but also on preventing customer attrition. However, little research has been done on the termination of the relationship between the firm and its clients. In other words, a better understanding of the nature, steps and factors involved in the termination process will make it easier to prevent and prevent termination while trying to recover lost clients and attract new prospects. By means of this study, we try to detail, through a literature review, the "determinants of churn" negatively impacting the relationship between companies and their customer portfolio, and complete the work with an empirical study in the automobile insurance sector describing the influence of these cessation factors on the insured’s act of commutation.
The rate of termination, measured by the number of defecting customers relative to the total number of a company’s customers in a given period, appears to be a major concern for companies that are primarily service-oriented. The service activities of these organizations develop in close interdependence with the environment that imposes constraints on them. The internal structures of the latter, in order to cope with uncertainties, adapt to the types and conditions of the environment, which is neither static nor homogeneous. According to R. De Bruecker (1995), "the business environment is defined in relation to everything outside it : technology, the nature of the products, customers and competitors, other organizations, the political and economic climate, etc.". "In other words, it is subject to numerous constraints from its environment that it has absolutely no control over. J. R. Edighoffer (1998) notes that the objective of all companies "is to reduce this uncertainty; consequently, it is necessary for them to analyze and understand their environment ". A gradual deterioration in the services offered, the continuous evolution of the market, and constantly fluctuating customer attitudes explain why organizations choose to deal with customers who are increasingly difficult to apprehend and ready to change their supplier. Our work will focus on analyzing the impact of the factors that stimulate the act of terminating automobile insurance contracts at the end of their term.La réussite des organisations dépend non seulement de la fidélisation des clients, mais aussi de la prévention de leur défection. Cependant, rares sont les recherches portant sur la cessation de la relation entre la firme et sa clientèle. Autrement dit, en saisissant mieux la nature, les étapes et les facteurs impliqués dans le processus de dissolution, il sera plus aisé de prévenir et d’empêcher la résiliation tout en essayant de récupérer les clients perdus et d’attirer de nouveaux prospects. Moyennant cette étude, nous essayons de détailler à travers une revue de littérature, « les déterminants du désabonnement » impactant négativement la relation entre les sociétés et leur portefeuille client, et achever le travail par une étude empirique dans le secteur d’assurance automobile décrivant l’influence de ces facteurs de résiliation sur l’acte de commutation.
Le taux du désabonnement mesuré par le nombre de clients en défection par rapport au nombre total des clients d’une compagnie à une période déterminée, semble être une préoccupation majeure des sociétés axées principalement sur l’offre des services. Les activités de services de ces organisations se développent en interdépendance étroite avec l’environnement qui lui impose des contraintes. Les structures internes de ces dernières, en vue de faire face aux incertitudes s’adaptent aux types et aux conditions de l’environnement, qui n’est ni statique, ni homogène. Selon R. De Bruecker (1995), « l’environnement de l’entreprise est défini par rapport à tout ce qui est situé en dehors : la technologie, la nature des produits, les clients et les concurrents, les autres organisations, le climat politique et économique, etc. », c’est à dire qu’elle est soumise à de nombreuses contraintes provenant de son milieu qu’elle ne maîtrise absolument pas. J. R. Edighoffer (1998) notifie que l’objectif de toutes entreprises « est de réduire cette incertitude ; par conséquent, elle se doit d’analyser et de comprendre son environnement ». Une détérioration progressive des services offerts, l’évolution continue du marché, et les attitudes des clients en fluctuation permanentes, expliquent la raison pour laquelle les organisations choisissent de traiter avec les clients qui sont de plus en plus difficiles à appréhender et prêts à changer leur fournisseur. Notre travail s’articulera autour de l’analyse de l’impact des facteurs stimulateurs de l’acte de résiliation des contrats d’assurance automobile à l’échéance
Evaluer la performance d’un Incubateur : Proposition d’une grille
Full text linkEntrepreneurial support is a profession that is developing day by day. The first support structures date back to 1959 in the United States of America and then spread to other countries of the world. Known under "Business support", we can count different types of structure. Nurseries, incubators, beehives or incubators, all called "incubators". Moreover, incubating is originally a practice before being a theory, that fact seems rather revolutionary in the world of management. Indeed, the first experiences of theorizing in this field go back to the beginning of the 80s with descriptive themes. Little by little, the reflections turned to exhaustive subjects, mainly the evaluation of the performance of support. This interest prompted us to propose this article, in which we attempt to present a theoretical framework for the evaluation of the performance of business incubators while proposing a summary grid of the different axes that define it.L’accompagnement entrepreneurial est un métier qui se développe de jour en jour. Les premières structures d’accompagnement datent de 1959 aux Etats Unis d’Amériques pour se propager ensuite dans les autres pays du monde. Connu sous l’appellation anglaise « Business support », nous pouvons compter différents types de structure qui se côtoient ce métier. Pépinières, incubateurs, ruches ou couveuses peuvent tous se regrouper sous le terme générique : incubateurs (traduction du terme anglais « incubators »). Par ailleurs, faire de l’incubation est d’origine une pratique avant d’être une théorie ce qui semble plutôt révolutionnaire dans le monde de gestion. En effet, les premières expériences de théorisation dans ce domaine reviennent au début des années 80 avec des thèmes descriptifs. Peu à peu les réflexions se sont orientées vers des sujets exhaustifs, principalement l’évaluation de la performance de l’accompagnement. Cet intérêt nous a poussés à proposer cet article, ayant pour objectif de présenter un cadre théorique de l’évaluation de la performance des incubateurs d’entreprises tout en proposant une grille récapitulative des différents axes qui la définissent
An Investigation of Debt Sustainability issue in Gabon
Full text linkThe literature dealing with the issue of fiscal deficit sustainability (government's solvency) starts first with the great contribution of Hamilton and Flavin (1986), and further development by Wilcox (1989), Trehan and Walsh (1991), Hakkio and Rush (1991), Buiter and Patel (1992), Tanner and Liu (1994), Bohn (1995), Wu (1998), Makrydakis et.al., (1999). The issue of debt sustainability analysis (DSA) highlights principally three main theoretical approaches in the literature: 1) Debt Ratio analysis; 2) the Present Value Constraint (PVC); and 3) the Accounting Approach. Using the present value constraint framework (PVC), our research follows the studies developed by Trehan and Walsh (1991), Hakkio and Rush (1991), and Bohn (1995) which have gained significant devotion in the macroeconomics literature. Hence, using yearly tax series data of Gabon over the period from 1980 to 2020, our study uses the stationarity and co-integration approach to investigate the issue of public debt sustainability in Gabon. We first apply the stationarity tests on the following fiscal series: government debt, fiscal balance, government revenue, expenditure, and as well as the ratio to GDP of the mentioned series before using the co-integration tests on government revenue and expenditure. The empirical findings highlight globally the non-stationarity of fiscal series while the Johansen co-integration tests don't show any long-run correlation between the government revenue and expenditure indicating the non-sustainability of Gabonese public debt.
JEL Classification: E6
Paper type: Empirical researchThe literature dealing with the issue of fiscal deficit sustainability (government's solvency) starts first with the great contribution of Hamilton and Flavin (1986), and further development by Wilcox (1989), Trehan and Walsh (1991), Hakkio and Rush (1991), Buiter and Patel (1992), Tanner and Liu (1994), Bohn (1995), Wu (1998), Makrydakis et.al., (1999). The issue of debt sustainability analysis (DSA) highlights principally three main theoretical approaches in the literature: 1) Debt Ratio analysis; 2) the Present Value Constraint (PVC); and 3) the Accounting Approach. Using the present value constraint framework (PVC), our research follows the studies developed by Trehan and Walsh (1991), Hakkio and Rush (1991), and Bohn (1995) which have gained significant devotion in the macroeconomics literature. Hence, using yearly tax series data of Gabon over the period from 1980 to 2020, our study uses the stationarity and co-integration approach to investigate the issue of public debt sustainability in Gabon. We first apply the stationarity tests on the following fiscal series: government debt, fiscal balance, government revenue, expenditure, and as well as the ratio to GDP of the mentioned series before using the co-integration tests on government revenue and expenditure. The empirical findings highlight globally the non-stationarity of fiscal series while the Johansen co-integration tests don't show any long-run correlation between the government revenue and expenditure indicating the non-sustainability of Gabonese public debt.
JEL Classification: E6
Paper type: Empirical researc
Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurship in Morocco: The Moderating Role of Public Policies and Institutional Support
No full textEntrepreneurship is an opportunity for Moroccan women to gain access to income-generating activities. However, the participation of women in the Moroccan economy is only 26%, which remains very low according to the World Bank. For the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE, 2005), women represent a potential for devaluated enterprise creation in both developing and developed countries.
In Morocco, several legal and tax reforms focusing on the support for entrepreneurship have been adopted as part of national economic restructuring programs. As a result, the implementation of public policies aimed at supporting women entrepreneurs, has certainly favored the development of women entrepreneurship contributing to the creation of jobs and economic benefit. However, the participation of women in economic and entrepreneurial activity faces cultural, social and institutional obstacles, which can hinder evolution of women's entrepreneurship.
Despite the influence of emerging economies on the global economy and the vital role of entrepreneurship in our world, the focus of entrepreneurship research up until this point has almost exclusively been on research sites emanating from North America and Europe (Bruton et al., 2008). Consequently, other areas of the world such as the Middle-East and Africa have not received much attention from academic researchers despite the need to understand entrepreneurship in these emerging economies (Bruton et al., 2008; Kiss et., 2012).
The theme of women's entrepreneurship has been the subject of several studies by both government organizations and researchers. Our goal is to present a state of the art in public policies implemented in Morocco in favor of woman entrepreneurship by presenting the set of public institutions and observatories operating for the promotion of women entrepreneurship.
JEL Classification: L26.
Paper type: Theoretical Research.Entrepreneurship is an opportunity for Moroccan women to gain access to income-generating activities. However, the participation of women in the Moroccan economy is only 26%, which remains very low according to the World Bank. For the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE, 2005), women represent a potential for devaluated enterprise creation in both developing and developed countries.
In Morocco, several legal and tax reforms focusing on the support for entrepreneurship have been adopted as part of national economic restructuring programs. As a result, the implementation of public policies aimed at supporting women entrepreneurs, has certainly favored the development of women entrepreneurship contributing to the creation of jobs and economic benefit. However, the participation of women in economic and entrepreneurial activity faces cultural, social and institutional obstacles, which can hinder evolution of women's entrepreneurship.
Despite the influence of emerging economies on the global economy and the vital role of entrepreneurship in our world, the focus of entrepreneurship research up until this point has almost exclusively been on research sites emanating from North America and Europe (Bruton et al., 2008). Consequently, other areas of the world such as the Middle-East and Africa have not received much attention from academic researchers despite the need to understand entrepreneurship in these emerging economies (Bruton et al., 2008; Kiss et., 2012).
The theme of women's entrepreneurship has been the subject of several studies by both government organizations and researchers. Our goal is to present a state of the art in public policies implemented in Morocco in favor of woman entrepreneurship by presenting the set of public institutions and observatories operating for the promotion of women entrepreneurship.
JEL Classification: L26.
Paper type: Theoretical Research
Le contrôle : Essai d’élaboration d’une revue systémique
No full textThe field of control has experienced an enormous scientific production during the 20th century. A considerable number of scientific publications on this field have been published on different aspects of control (types, modes, tools, mechanisms….). In the scarcity of literature reviews of this concept, this work presents a bibliometric analysis of the concept of control with the aim of developing a bibliometric record based on the publications of the most influential researchers in this field. With the help of a computerized bibliometric analysis tool, this contribution will provide a summary of the scientific contributions on the concept of control during the 20th century, as well as the evolution of publications in this field, with the aim of constituting a roadmap for future research. For this purpose, the work on control has been subdivided into two main periods, the first of which runs from 1900 to 1950 under the name of classical philosophy of control, while the second, described as modern philosophy of control, covers the period from 1950 to 2000.
JEL Classification: M11, B15
Paper type: Theoretical ResearchLe domaine de contrôle a connu une production scientifique énorme au cours du 20ième siècle. Un certain nombre considérable de publications scientifiques sur ce domaine a été publié sur différents aspects du contrôle (types, modes, outils, mécanismes ...). Dans la rareté des analyses documentaires de ce concept, ce travail présente une analyse bibliométrique du concept du contrôle dans l’objectif d’élaborer une fiche bibliométrique en se basant sur les publications des chercheurs les plus influents dans ce domaine. À l'aide d'outil informatique de l’analyse bibliométrique, cette contribution permettra de dresser un état sommaire des contributions scientifique sur le concept de contrôle pendant le 20ème siècle, aussi que de tracer l’évolution des publications dans ce domaine, dans le but de constituer une feuille de route pour les recherches futures. Pour cela, on a subdivisé les travaux en contrôle sur deux périodes principales, la première s’étale entre 1900 et 1950 sous l’appellation de la philosophie classique du contrôle, alors que la deuxième qualifiée de la philosophie moderne de contrôle, elle couvre la période entre 1950 jusqu'au 2000.
Classification JEL : M11, B15
Type de l’article : Article théoriqu
Assurance automobile : Prédiction de l’acte de résiliation initié par les assurés et l’analyse de l’impact des items constitutifs des déterminants de désabonnement sur leurs comportements à l’échéance
No full textAlmost all customer research has tended to focus on the concept of loyalty and loyal customers rather than on the drivers of change in service providers. Currently, service providers are trying to attract and retain customers through a variety of processes. These maneuvers come in response to the circumstantial requirements of the organizations' environment, such as high intensity of competition, low profit margins, similarity of services offered, technical and technological advances, etc. The importance of customer loyalty on the part of suppliers in the context of providers' profitability is defended by the work of Rust Roland T. and Anthony J. Zahorik (1993), Storbacka Kaj Tore Strandvik, and Christian Grönroos (1998), where they summarize that it is more profitable to collaborate with regular and loyal customers than to acquire new ones.
On the other hand, a prospect's loyalty does not prevent him from terminating his relationship with his regular supplier. In such cases, it makes more sense to understand the reasons why prospects choose to switch suppliers, or in other words, to explore the reasons for dissatisfaction leading to their switching. In this vein, our article aims to predicting the act of the termination of auto insurance contracts at maturity initiated by the insured, and analyze the impact of an assortment of unsubscribing drivers on his decision to terminate his relationship with his current insurer.
Classification JEL: Insurance - Insurance Companies - Actuarial Studies
Type of Article: Applied ResearchPresque la majorité des études sur la clientèle se sont généralement axées sur le concept de la fidélité et les clients fidèles plutôt que sur les motifs incitateurs de changement des prestataires de services. Actuellement les fournisseurs de services, tentent d’attirer et fidéliser les clients à travers un ensemble de procédés. Ces manœuvres viennent pour répondre aux exigences circonstancielles de l’environnement des organisations, comme l’intensité élevée de la concurrence, la faiblesse des marges bénéficiaires, la similitude des prestations offertes, les progrès techniques et technologiques, etc. L’importance de la fidélisation des clients par leurs fournisseurs dans le cadre de la rentabilité des prestataires, est défendue par les travaux de Rust Roland T. et Anthony J. Zahorik (1993), Storbacka Kaj Tore Strandvik, et Christian Grönroos (1998) , où ils résument qu’il est plus rentable de collaborer avec des clients réguliers et fidèles que d’en acquérir des nouveaux.
Par contre, la fidélité d’un prospect ne le prive pas de mettre fin à sa relation avec son fournisseur habituel, dans ces éventualités il s’avère plus judicieux de comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles les prospects choisissent de changer leurs fournisseurs, ou autrement dit, explorer les motifs d’insatisfaction induisant à leur commutation. Dans ce sillon, notre article vise à prédire l’acte de résiliation des contrats d’assurance automobile à l’échéance initiée par l’assuré, et analyser l’impact d’un assortiment de déterminants stimulateurs de désabonnement sur sa décision de cessation de sa relation avec son assureur actuel.
Classification JEL : Assurance - Compagnies d’assurance - Études actuarielles
Type de l’article : Recherche appliqué
Les caractéristiques des entreprises familiales, quelle influence sur les décisions d’investissement ? : Un essai d’exploration théorique
No full textResearch on decision-making in family businesses is a rather special and critical task. This research aims to deepen the phenomenon of strategic decision-making precisely those related to investment choices within family firms while shedding light on their characteristics. In recent years, research on decision-making has increased remarkably, especially after the integration of behavioral factors as an influential variable, which has by default led to the rejection of the findings of rationality of decision makers. However, there is a gap in the literature when it comes to understanding this phenomenon in the context of family businesses, despite the fact that the latter have many characteristics and are unique in their genders compared to non-family businesses, it is important to note that much remains to be done regarding this discipline. Our research then aims to make a theoretical exploration by trying to expose the characteristics of the family business that give rise to a predominant degree of subjectivity that implicitly influence the investment decisions.
JEL Classification : M00
Paper type: Theoretical ResearchLa recherche sur la prise de décision au sein des entreprises familiales représente une tâche assez particulière et critique. Cette recherche vise à approfondir davantage le phénomène de la prise de décision stratégique précisément celles qui se rapportent aux choix d’investissement au sein des firmes familiales tout en mettant la lumière sur leurs caractéristiques. Depuis ces dernières années, les recherches sur la prise de décision ont connu un accroissement remarquable surtout après l’intégration des facteurs comportementaux comme variable influente, ce qui a par défaut engendré le rejet du constat de la rationalité des décideurs. Néanmoins, il existe un gap dans la littérature lorsqu’il s’agit de la compréhension de ce phénomène dans le contexte des entreprises familiales, malgré le fait que ces dernières ont beaucoup de caractéristiques et sont uniques dans leurs genres par rapport aux entreprises non familiales, il est important de souligner qu’il reste beaucoup à faire concernant cette discipline. Notre recherche vise alors à faire une exploration théorique en essayant d’exposer les caractéristiques de l’entreprise familiale qui donnent naissance à un degré de subjectivité prédominant implicitement lors de la prise décisions d’investissement.
Classification JEL: M00
Type de l’article : Article théorique