International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology
Not a member yet
352 research outputs found
Sort by
Investıgatıon for Envıronmental Effects and Evaluatıon of Fıne Taılıngs from Tuncbılek Coal Processıng Plant/Turkey: Investıgatıon for Envıronmental Effects and Evaluatıon of Fıne Taılıngs from Tuncbılek Coal Processıng Plant/Turkey
No full textIn energy production, coal still keeps its importance despite many environmental problems. Although Turkey is fortunate in terms of coal reserves, it is not possible to say the same for their quality. Unfortunately, most of the coal reserves in Turkey are of low quality. Therefore, they have high ash, moisture and sulphur contents. Increasing environmental concerns and the demands of new generation technologies make it necessary to clean the coal. Coals can be enriched at every stage as large, fine and slime, and are referred to by the same names in the tailings. Coarse and fine tailings can be stored dry, while coal in very fine size (-0.1 mm) is fed to the dams after not being enriched and dewatered at certain rates in Turkey. These residues are produced at Tunçbilek coal processing plant of Western Lignite Corporation (WLC), which is one of the oldest and most important coal preparation plants in Turkey, and during which the gravity processes are applied. The most important environmental problem here is that the ultra-fine slime, which is not enriched with high calorific values (kcal/kg), is charged to previously mined open pit holes. In addition, there are two ponds and an open pit hole in the vicinity of the plant where these remains were stocked in previous years. Tailing charging is still going on for another open pit hole at the plant. In this case, both the economic losses and the environmental problems are continuing as the coal is not recovered from these tailings. For this reason, it is necessary to completely dehydrate and store or enrich these tailings
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Aridity Over Punjab Province, Pakistan using Remote Sensing Techniques
No full textAridity is a severe threat to the ecological environment and it leads to desertification. Aridity has become a more serious hazard to agricultural countries like Pakistan, followed by socio-economic problems. Pakistan is an agrarian country and Punjab province of Pakistan is known as the basket of grain for its population due to its fertile lands and lush green fields. Less or no rainfall can convert any land or region from humid to semi-arid and semi-arid to arid land. Deficiency of moisture also defines arid conditions of any region. Hence, in case of Punjab, aridity is a severe threat to halt the use of full potential of its agricultural land resources. There is an irresistible need to comprehensively assess aridity in Punjab at different time scales and to formulate necessary arrangements and action plans to face this issue on sound footing. Remote sensing can be used to accurately measure aridity on local, regional and global scales. Multi-temporal images of Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD13Q1 and MOD11A1 of Punjab province are used for aridity assessment. In this study attempt was made to demarcate arid areas of Punjab in the simplest possible form using different vegetation indices and land surface temperature. Maps are developed by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), transformed normalized difference vegetation index (TNDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and land surface temperature (LST). A weighted overlay analysis of these indices was also done for further comprehensive analysis of aridity. The results indicate that aridity is more in southern Punjab due to increased temperature and reduced precipitation and in northern regions of the province, aridity is developing especially in those areas, which were semi humid or semi-arid in the past
Episodic Uplift along a Quaternary Fault, A Signature of Active Deformation in Frontal Part of Karachi Arc, Southern Pakistan
Get PDFThe southern part of Kirthar Fold Belt represents a divergent wrench regime marked by open arcuate structures, collectively called as Karachi Arc. The frontal part of Karachi Arc is being actively deformed. The active deformation is manifested by the neotectonic features recorded in the recent sediments. Frontal part of northern Karachi Arc has been investigated to locate Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEE) in Bizan Dhoro area northwest of Hyderabad. A linear structure in Bizan Dhoro area at frontal part of northern Karachi Arc has been investigated. The structure was interpreted in front of Laki Range with the help of LANDSAT ETM and SPOT Images. The lineament on ground is represented by a NNW oriented linear topographic step in the peneplain alluvial fans. The frontal peneplain of Laki Range is constituted by the alluvial fans composed of clast supported gravel ranging from pebble-to-boulder in size laid down by Bizan Dhoro and its tributaries. Four new generations of alluvial fans have been recognized across the lineament which suggests that the area has experienced at least three episodes of uplift along the topographic step named as Bizan Dhoro Fault. Electric resistivity tomography across Bizan Dhoro fault and evidences of tectonic geomorphology revealed that it is a capable reverse fault dipping at an angle of 60° towards west which has experienced at least three events after deposition of Quaternary alluvial fans. No brittle deformation however could be recorded in the gravels. Bizan Dhoro fault is an embryonic structure that depicts active deformation of foreland parallel to the fold and thrust belt
Analysis of Bacterial Load in Pre and Post-Filtered Drinking Water at the Educational Institutions of Rabwah, District Chiniot, Pakistan
Get PDFWater-borne diseases mainly are due to bacterial contamination which mostly cause mortality among children of developing countries. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the bacterial load in the drinking water of educational institutions in Rabwah, district Chiniot and to evaluate different filters to provide clean drinking water. Samples were collected on a monthly basis for continuous 12 months (April 2016 – March 2017) from 15 educational institutions before and after the filtration process to check the effectiveness of the installed filters.Each sample was processed for the analysis of total bacterial load, the detection of Gram-ve bacteria as well as E.coliby plate detection method. Confirmatory biochemical tests were performed for the detection of E.coli. Results showed that pre-filtered samples were relatively more contaminated with bacteria than the post-filtered ones. The frequency of occurrence of bacterial load decreases in post-filtered samples, yet it is not always zero. This may be due to inappropriately installed filters. Different types of cleaning and filtering techniques such as ozone, chlorination and UV radiations were tested to remove bacterial contamination. The recommended amount of chlorination and passing of ozone for 15 minutes successfully eradicatedmicrobiological contamination in drinking water. The effectiveness of UV radiationin killing pathogens depends upon the amount of bacterial load in the water and exposure time of the UV radiation. Less exposure time of the UV radiations could not successfully remove the bacterial contamination. Therefore, UV radiation filter may not be effective at public places such as schools, where drinking water is extensively used and exposure time is not sufficient
Estimation of Hypsometric Integral and Groundwater Potential Zones of Amarja Reservoir Catchment, Karnataka, India using SRTM Data and Geospatial Tools
Get PDFHypsometric integral always play a significant role in watershed health condition. It is nothing but the total time taken in reduction of land area to its vile. Drainage network and studies of various landform features always help in the search of groundwater resources. Morphometric parameter of a drainage basin always helps to understand water use and land use of the basin. The present study aims to find out the geological stages through hypsometric integral values and groundwater potential zones using morphometric parameters to classify it into very good, good, moderate and poor zones using GIS tools. The total area of catchment is 544.76 km2, which is surrounded by Deccan traps. The catchment is further separated into 5 sub-basins on the basis of 4th order stream to get the more specific result. The SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data have been generated from USGS website and further analysed to identify the drainage pattern, slope, contours etc. using ArcGIS 10.0 software. The most important parameters like linear, areal and relief for groundwater investigation have been analysed. The analysis revealed that the hypsometric integral value of sub-basin IV of Amarja reservoir catchment is 0.30 which is showing the late mature stage of the basin. Apart from that, the values of sub-basins II, III and V are 0.54, 0.50 and 0.43 respectively, represent the mature stage while sub-basin I has an integral value of 0.67 which represents the young stage of the basin and it is more susceptible for erosion. Drainage pattern of the catchment could be mainly described as sub dendritic to dendritic. Drainage texture was found to vary from 0.41 to 1.16 which is an indicative of massive coarse to granular texture. An average bifurcation ratio of basin is estimated 3.51 which is an indicator of structural control over the basin. Slope values were found to be in a range from 0.71 to 5.73 degree which indicates very gentle to moderate slope
Drinking Water Quality Characterization and Heavy Metal Analysis in Springs of Dewan Gorah, District Palandri, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan¤
Get PDFIn this study, water quality and microbial characterizations of fresh water springs of union council Dewangorah, Palandri, AJK have been studied. Sampling was done from January to October 2017, from fifteen different locations of study area, which are a drinking water source for natives of the area. Water samples were collected in sterilized glass bottles for physicochemical and microbial analysis and in clean plastic bottles for heavy metals analysis from various locations. Various physiochemical parameters including pH, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Conductivity, Chlorides (Cl-), Fluorides (F-), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), hardness and alkalinity were measured by standard methods. Heavy metals concentrations including Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) were evaluated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was found that concentration of Pb and Cr were above permissible limits of WHO at all locations. Standard plate count (SPC) was used to determine total viable count and total coliform counts in water samples. Various bacterial colonies were isolated from water samples and characterized by performing different biochemical tests including Gram staining, Catalase, Oxidase and Citrate utilization tests. Results showed that various physicochemical parameter such as pH, TDS, Cl-, F-, COD and heavy metals including As, Cu, Fe were within World Health Organization (WHO) standards. While values for conductivity of few samples were above permissible limits of WHO. The calculations for human health risk showed that heavy metals at present levels are not posing a threat to the population. Microbial analysis showed that water samples contain different pathogenic bacteria like E. coli, Salmolella spp., shigella spp etc. and are not fit for drinking purposes. The quality of drinking water of Dewangorah must be monitored by regulatory authorities and further research is required to identify the sources of water contamination and its mitigation
Modeling and Production of Solid Model of South Panel, Tuncbilek Open Pit by 3D Printer
No full textThree-dimensional printers have begun to be widely used in machinery, architecture, construction, education, mould design, medical and dental fields to produce visual and functional parts. With this technology, manufacturing is realized jointly layer by layer, and there is no restriction in terms of part shape and detailing. Objects are scanned with optical scanning devices at first by means of reverse engineering and then converted to the computer aided design (CAD) data by making necessary arrangements on the scanning data. In this study, the CAD data of the open pit area of South Panel, Tuncbilek, Turkish Coal Board was formed by mapping and reverse engineering software of topographical points, and then colored solid modeling was formed with 3D printers
Investigation of Analysis Methods For Detection of Humic Substances Within Leonardite: Investigation of Analysis Methods For Detection of Humic Substances Within Leonardite
No full textLeonardite is a lignite form, which has undergone oxidation at high rate during the carbonization process. It has economic value because it contains humic substances at high rate. While it is used in organic agriculture, as soil conditioner, it is also used in other industrial fields such as cosmetics and medicine. Physical properties such as color, as well as chemical properties such as solubility in alkaline media and humic content are examined for the definition and characterization of leonardite. In particular, the detection of humic substance content is the most important feature used in the industrial usage of leonardites. Various instrumental analysis techniques and wet chemical analysis techniques are utilized for this purpose. However, it is a matter of debate whether these methods are applicable for the industry. In this study, instrumental and chemical methods used in the analysis of humic substance were examined. Along with these, industrial, reliable and fast methods have been determined as well
Physiochemical Analysis of Fresh Water Sources in District Bhimber, Azad Jammu Kashmir
Get PDFThe present study investigates the physiochemical parameters of drinking water quality in district Bhimber of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The drinking water supplies in the area come from four main sources, streams, springs, hand pumps and boreholes. A total of seventy one (71) samples from all four water sources were taken for determination of physiochemical parameters. The results show considerable variation in water quality parameters of different water sources. However, the data analyses indicate that physiochemical parameters of water samples are well within the permissible limits of drinking water quality. Stream water samples show slightly higher pH values, while two samples from hand-pump have shown marginally higher content of TDS. The mean values of dissolved oxygen in borehole and hand-pump water samples are also slightly below the water quality standard limits. The correlation studies show that pH has a strong negative correlation with calcium and positive relation with sodium in water samples of all four sources. Similarly, the dissolved oxygen has shown negative relationship with temperature and a weak to moderate positive relationship with pH of water. No evidence of pollution and industrial contamination of water was found. The study found that water from all four sources is safe for drinking purpose. 
Review: Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial Wastewater Treatment : Review Article
No full textThere has been the microbiological formation of methane since ages in many diverse habitats such as paddies, marshes, hot springs, benthic deposits, deep ocean trenches, pigs, trees, cattle, termites, iguanas and human beings. Anaerobic digestion has been proved as the most appropriate technique for the treatment of high strength organic effluents. This technique is more reliable and advanced as compared to the conventional water treatment procedures. It uses very less amount of chemicals and treats the wastes in a facile and effective manner and has been considered as an attractive option for effluents treatment. The anaerobic technology causes the decrease of high level of waste materials and different reactors were developed for this particular purpose. It generates best level of fuels used as biogas. The biogas produced in anaerobic digestion burns cleanly and the biogas plants make more energy than they consume to operate, whereas the energy produced by aerobic digestion is very much lower than that produced by anaerobic digestion