International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology
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Environmental Pollution a Negative Externality from China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Policy implications for Pakistan: Environmental Pollution a Negative Externality from China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Policy implications for Pakistan
No full textSHORT COMMUNICATIO
Integrated Study of Geotechnical and Geophysical Methods to Assess the Soil Corrosion Potential for Construction Site: Integrated Study of Geotechnical and Geophysical Methods to Assess the Soil Corrosion Potential for Construction Site
No full textCorrosion of subsurface steel structures is very critical issue especially in moisture subsoil. The use of physiochemical properties such as pH, salts concentration, electrical resistivity is very common to quantify corrosive nature of subsoil. However, the laboratory measurements of these parameters are quite difficult due to time and budget constraints. In this work soil corrosion potential of a power plant site was evaluated using geophysical and geotechnical investigations. Soil samples were collected from 15 boreholes drilled up-to 50 m depth for laboratory testing whereas 3 probes of four electrodes vertical electrical sounding (VES) using Wenner configuration were also performed to measure the electrical resistivity of the subsurface soil up to 50 m depth. According to the USCS soil system silty clay (CL-ML) was interpreted as dominant material in all boreholes as shallow depth. Poorly graded sand (SP) including silt (SM) was found of variable depth in almost each borehole. The true resistivity values at the depth of 30 meters lies between the 19.9 ohm- meters to 59.8-ohm meters. All observation points of electrical resistivity survey VES-I, VES-II and VES-III near-surface material show moderate soil corrosion potential which is favorable for design of earthing. Up to depth of 4 m, the values of resistivity 52.6 to 59.8 ohm-meters shows adequate estimation of corrosion. According to the International standard these curves belong to bell type or K type curve of resistivity model. Their resistivity values with respect to depth show low to moderate corrosion potential which is satisfactory for construction at this depth after applying the nominal cathodic protections. Thus, electric pipe lines may be installed at this depth
Analysis and Forecast of Mining Fatalities in Cherat Coal Field, Pakistan: Analysis and Forecast of Mining Fatalities in Cherat Coal Field, Pakistan
No full textMineral exploitation contributes to the economic growth of developing countries. Managing mineral production brought a more disturbing environment linked to workers' causalities due to scarcities in the safety management system. One of the barriers to attaining an adequate safety management system is the unavailability of future information relating to accidents causing fatalities. Policymakers always try to manage the safety system after each accident. Therefore, a precise forecast of the number of workers fatalities can provide significant observation to strengthen the safety management system. This study involves forecasting the number of mining workers fatalities in Cherat coal mines by using Auto-Regressive Integrating Moving Average Method (ARIMA) model. Workers' fatalities information was collected over the period of 1994 to 2018 from Mine Workers Federation, Inspectorate of Mines and Minerals and company records to evaluate the long-term forecast. Various diagnostic tests were used to obtain an optimistic model. The results show that ARIMA (0, 1, 2) was the most appropriate model for workers fatalities. Based on this model, casualties from 2019 to 2025 have been forecasted. The results suggest that policymakers should take systematic consideration by evaluating possible risks associated with an increased number of fatalities and develop a safe and effective working platform. 
Water Management for a Mega City: A Comparative Study of Selected Localities of Lahore: Water Management for a Mega City: A Comparative Study of Selected Localities of Lahore
No full textPakistan falls in the category of water scarce countries. Lahore a major city of Pakistan, with a population of 12 million is likely to face serious water shortage in near future. The actual amount of water required for each domestic activity was pertinent in order to find the total consumption of water locality wise. One hundred families each from five selected localities were chosen for this survey. The Model town was selected as a model locality so that its findings and calculations can be generalized on other localities for comparison. It was found that for all daily indoor activities, 160.2 million liters (42 gallons) is the total quantity required. For all daily outdoor domestic activities, 487.92 million liters (128.9 million gallons) of water is to be made available. Results were examined and compared with other mega-cities, to learn from their experiences and plans to cope with the challenges in large cities
The Socioeconomic Impact of Mirani Dam in District Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan: The Socioeconomic Impact of Mirani Dam in District Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan
No full textThe purpose of the study was to know the socioeconomic characteristics of sampled households before and after the construction of Mirani dam right and left bank canal, which were completed in 2006. The distribution of irrigation water was initiated in 2008 for the cultivation of land. Due to construction of dam, production of all major crops has increased significantly. A representative sample of 8 distributaries and 371 farm households (211 from RBC and 160 from LBC) were selected for collecting primary information from the field. According to respondents after construction of both canals their income level, consumption expenditure, and saving increased. The result of this study revealed that the economic status of the sampled household changes after Mirani dam right and left bank canal. With the increase of income now they are sending more children in school than before. The average number of goats before Mirani Dam Right and Left Bank Canal were 5.96 TLU with standard error 0.54 and after it, increased to 24.94 with standard error 1.85. The average number of camels before Mirani dam right and left bank canal was 0.11, Sheep 0.06, Cow 0.20 and the Donkey 0.09 respectively. Whereas the average number of the camel increased to 0.32, Sheep 1.27, Cow 0.20, and Donkey 0.56 respectively. Overall after construction of the dam the production of crops, number of livestock, dead stocks, income level, expenditure, savings, number of pucca houses and number of schools going children increased significantly because socioeconomic condition of the people in the study area considerably improved.
The purpose of the study was to know the socioeconomic characteristics of sampled households before and after the construction of Mirani dam right and left bank canal, which were completed in 2006. The distribution of irrigation water was initiated in 2008 for the cultivation of land. Due to construction of dam, production of all major crops has increased significantly. A representative sample of 8 distributaries and 371 farm households (211 from RBC and 160 from LBC) were selected for collecting primary information from the field. According to respondents after construction of both canals their income level, consumption expenditure, and saving increased. The result of this study revealed that the economic status of the sampled household changes after Mirani dam right and left bank canal. With the increase of income now they are sending more children in school than before. The average number of goats before Mirani Dam Right and Left Bank Canal were 5.96 TLU with standard error 0.54 and after it, increased to 24.94 with standard error 1.85. The average number of camels before Mirani dam right and left bank canal was 0.11, Sheep 0.06, Cow 0.20 and the Donkey 0.09 respectively. Whereas the average number of the camel increased to 0.32, Sheep 1.27, Cow 0.20, and Donkey 0.56 respectively. Overall after construction of the dam the production of crops, number of livestock, dead stocks, income level, expenditure, savings, number of pucca houses and number of schools going children increased significantly because socioeconomic condition of the people in the study area considerably improved
Evaluation of Residents Perception about Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Urban Green Spaces of Lahore, Pakistan: Evaluation of Residents Perception about Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Urban Green Spaces of Lahore, Pakistan
No full textIn a country like Pakistan, the presence of urban greening and parks are very essential for the well-being of its citizens. The resident’s awareness about urban green spaces (UGSs) is essential as it would not only help towards a healthier environment, but prepare residents to manage these spaces efficiently through local resources. This formulates the rationale behind current research work. This research is aimed at studying about the resident’s perception for UGS’s attributes like environmental, negative and positive. Another major focus of this research is to analyze the socioeconomic differentials and its consequent impacts on resident’s perception about urban green spaces, which has been probed with the help of MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). In this regard the primary data of 223 visitors were collected by random sampling method from eight major parks of Lahore, Pakistan. The findings of this survey of resident’s perception have shown that mostly male, single, low and middle class, and educated people visit the urban green spaces and they are highly indebted by their environmental and health benefits. For the selected characteristics of urban green areas, the resident’s perception has revealed that there exists an insignificant relationship with age and marital status of the respondents while the most significant relation was shown by the residents who visited the UGSs regularly as ‘ρ’ value is less than the set significance level of 0.05. This study has highlighted a dire need of such UGSs in the city of Lahore which is known to be the “City of Gardens”. This could raise the spirits of administrators, city managers and planners to take immediate action in this regard
Evaluation of Fractal Dimension and Topographic Surface Roughness (Vertical Dissection) in Astore-Deosai-Skardu Region in GIS Environment Using ASTER GDEM: Evaluation of Fractal Dimension and Topographic Surface Roughness (Vertical Dissection) in Astore-Deosai-Skardu Region in GIS Environment Using ASTER GDEM
No full textFractal investigation is a valuable technique to model and quantify the composite patterns of natural similar objects. This study investigates Neotectonics using ASTER-GDEM. Fractal technique for extraction of topographic fractal dimension (Dtopo) and vertical dissection (Rtopo-surf) were used to assess the Neotectonics deformation. Geomorphological regions can be demarcated by using above mentioned procedures as they reveal the topographic evolutionary stages as an evaluation of topographic textures. The idea is to recognize the zones that are strongly influenced by Neotectonics. Astore-Deosai-Skardu (ADS) region in Gilgit-Baltistan was selected for this purpose as it lies between MKT and MMT which is experiencing surface topographic deformation (STD) caused by anti-clock-wise progression and subduction of Indian plate beneath Eurasia. The results obtained illustrates that Dtopo and Rtopo-surf show anomalies in the ADS region that clearly represent a robust control of nearby MMT, MKT and KkF and highlights their significance to describe regions vulnerable to Neotectonics and related deadly events threatening precious human lives and infrastructure damages
Spatializing Groundwater Quality Parameters and Their Impacts on Land Value in Khushab City, Punjab, Pakistan: Spatializing Groundwater Quality Parameters and Their Impacts on Land Value in Khushab City, Punjab, Pakistan
No full textThis research was designed to examine the spatial variation in land value in response to ground water quality in Khushab city, Punjab Pakistan. There were four Physical and five chemical parameters such as pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Calcium (Ca), hardness, Magnesium (Mg), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration, taste, color and odor were tested for groundwater quality appraisal in the study area. There were one hundred water samples collected from different wells in the study area. Thereafter, the water quality parameters were processed in ArcGIS for analyzing spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters by using interpolation and geostatistical tools. It was found that all the groundwater parameters were higher than the permissible limit by WHO except pH concentration. It was further revealed that the ground water was unsafe for drinking and domestic purpose. Variation in land price was also studied with special reference to ground water quality. It was concluded that the groundwater quality has a significant effect on land value in the study area. The deteriorated groundwater quality was proved to be a potent determinant for decreasing land price in the study area
A Relationship of Physical Properties with Rock Strength Under Specific Geological Conditions for Limestone and Marble, Khyber Region: A Relationship of Physical Properties with Rock Strength Under Specific Geological Conditions for Limestone and Marble, Khyber Region
No full textThe uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is one of the input parameters mostly used in surface and underground designs. A literature review revealed that most of the empirical equations between UCS and Schmidt hammer rebound number (N) are not satisfactory because of the low coefficient of correlation. In most of the cases, a single formula is used for all types of rocks. In this study, a relationship UCS with N, slake durability, moisture content, and specific gravity has been developed for a particular limestone and marble deposit. These equations help to determine the strength of these deposits directly using N value and other properties. The UCS value increased with increasing N value, specific gravity, and slake durability. While the UCS value decreased with increasing moisture content. A relation between slaking cycles and slake durability index is also developed. In this study, the slake durability value decreased with increasing slaking cycles for both limestone and marble. The UCS showed a linear relationship with these physical properties
Sorptive Interactions Evaluation of Benomyl Metabolites Mecarzole with the Varyingly Selected Minerals: Sorptive Interactions Evaluation of Benomyl Metabolites Mecarzole with the Varyingly Selected Minerals
No full textSoil and soil minerals are the primary recipients of different contaminates coming in immediate contact. Agricultural practices which are dominated by use of different agrochemicals have further aggravated the soil quality. Fungicides, aimed at the extermination, inhibition and growth retardation of fungal species in agricultural crops have been used frequently. Among such fungicides, Benzimidazole based fungicides are of prime significance due to their comparatively improved annihilatory activity. Despite such frequent utilization, the reports on the reception and consequent sorption of Benzimidazole fungicides are scarce. Current work has, for the first time, investigated the interaction of Benzimidazole based fungicide, Mecarzole (metabolite of Benomyl fungicide and also known as Carbendazim) in the selected minerals i.e. corundum (alumina), silica, muscovite and montmorillonite. The interaction was studied via standard equilibration method established in batches. Adsorption and desorption of Mecarzole in the selected minerals was evaluated by multilayer Linear and Freundlich model for different parameters i.e. Kd, Kf, Kfdes and Kdes. Linearity was exhibited by the minerals for attachment of Mecarzole. The highest values of Kd (6.93 mL. µg-1) and Kf (7.99 mL. µg-1) obtained for muscovite are indicative of the higher affinity of muscovite for Mecarzole in comparison to other three minerals. Excellent adsorption of Mecarzole in muscovite is suggestive of the fact that Mecarzole interacting with muscovite is not a threat towards lower soil profiles since there is a stronger bonding. In contrast to muscovite, Mecarzole poorly adsorbed in alumina represents a threat to soils due to possible percolation of poorly adsorbed Mecarzole molecules